现代图书馆建筑创新设计——评《现代图书馆建筑设计》

正文化建设是我国现代城市建设中的重要一部分,而图书馆建设是城市建设中服务性文化空间建造的重要部分。随着我国人民文化水平的不断提升,我国现代图书馆建筑迎来创新时期。《现代图书馆建筑设计》是一部论述现代图书馆设计的专著,内容主要包括:图书馆选址及场地设计,图书馆建筑功能构成及空间组织,阅览空间设计,藏书空间设计、出纳、检索空间设计,业务用房及行政办公用房设计,图书馆设计过程与案例解析,图书馆的现代化设备,图书馆家具,公共活动及辅助空间设计,图书馆建筑造型等,并选取了具代表性的国内外图书馆设计实例56例。《现代图书馆建筑设计》图文并茂,具体结合实际和理论,可作为建筑类院校建筑设计课教材,并可供建筑师、有关的工程技术人员、管理人员、科研工作者学习参考。     

中国科学院图书馆创作思考

中国科学院图书馆创作中 ,在功能性与前沿性并重 ,传统文化与现代技术相融的基础上 ,传承中关村场所精神 ,强调高科技文化品质 ,体现开放的图书馆的公众性 ,表现国家级科学图书馆的庄严和气势     

数字化生存时代对图书馆建筑的冲击

现代高新技术在图书馆领域的全面渗透 ,改变了图书馆的内涵、功能、服务和管理 ,直接影响到图书馆本身的结构及图书馆建筑 ,引发了图书馆建筑的一系列变革。现代图书馆的建筑功能发生了巨大变化 ,智能化图书馆将是智能建筑的组成部分 ,同时更加注重了图书馆环境与人文文化 ,这对图书馆建筑设计提出了更高的要求 ,因此 ,现代图书馆建筑必须充分考虑并满足各方面的要求。在“数字化生存”时代 ,图书馆建筑需要一种全新的设计理念和全新的设计体系 ,即对图书馆建筑设计提出了新的要求 ,图书馆界应发挥其在研究中的主导作用。     

现代高校图书馆设计理念再认识

阐述了现代高校图书馆的发展趋势，给出了图书馆建筑设计的基本要求，并探讨了高校图书馆建筑设计要遵循的规律，最后提出应深刻理解和体会地域文化和高校图书馆的文化内涵，以期对将要新建的图书馆有一定指导作用。     

中国科学院图书馆

在中国国家科学图书馆创作中．设计师在功能性与前瞻性并重、传统文化与现代技术相融的基础上．传承科学院的场所精神．强调高科技文化品质，体现开放的图书馆的公众性．表现了国家级图书馆的庄严和气势。     

解放军电子工程学院图书馆的建筑设计方案

图书馆作为一个民族或一种文化的象征,其标志性地位越来越被社会认同。现代图书馆建筑的外观造型充分体现了文化建筑的性格与特征,符合当今人们的审美情趣,与周围的文化环境相互协调,并体现出新意、高品位以及时代感,展现出其作为知识宝库的文化内涵,从而成为城市或学校的标志性建筑。文章主要就电子工程学院图书馆设计中的过程构思,探讨图书馆设计的一些想法和立意,以及建筑师在建筑设计中要考虑的相关问题和责任。     

建筑语意表达的实践——赤壁市图书馆建筑设计

依据赤壁市的地域特点以及赤壁图书馆在赤壁市中的区域位置,综合考虑图书馆与周边建筑物的关系,在功能性与时代性并重,传统文化与现代技术相融的基础上,通过对建筑形体及外立面所代表的深层次文化内涵的建筑语意的表达塑造,传承三国文化精神,力求将赤壁市图书馆设计成一座极具个性,又具有较强的文化气息和时代特征的建筑。     

中国科学院国家科学图书馆

<正>中国国家科学图书馆创作中,在功能性与前瞻性并重、传统文化与现代技术相融的基础上,传承科学院的场所精神,强调高科技文化品质,体现开放的图书馆的公众性,表现国家级图书馆的庄严和气势。     

墨西哥巴斯孔塞洛斯图书馆建筑设计浅析

巴斯孔塞洛斯图书馆由墨西哥建筑师卡拉赫设计。在图书馆的设计中,建筑师以某种折衰的理念演绎着传统与现代,该文通过对图书馆设计的概念、空间、结构、景观方面的浅析,寻找建筑师在传统与现代之间的地域表达方式,探索墨西哥建筑师如何运用现代设计手法传承本土文化。     

城市公共空间的营造和地域文化的表现——记马尾图书馆设计

现代图书馆受城市环境、地域文化和服务模式影响,对功能设置、空间组织等提出了新的要求。文章结合具体项目,从场地环境分析、现代图书馆的模式演变、功能及空间设计、建筑形象表达等方面,阐述了在特定的城市空间和地域文化氛围下的现代图书馆设计方法。     

古代岭南州府城市近郊风景的公共性研究

"城市山林"作为中国园林史研究中屡被提及的重要概念,已有了具体而明确的理论赋义。与之形成反差的,是当代研究长期缺乏对该词的历史溯源。为此,基于《四库全书》检索得到一定数量的文献史料,对"城市山林"概念的发展演变进行了初步考析。从中发现,"城市山林"并非一开始就是独立的概念;"城市"与"山林"两词媾和的过程,本质上是文人阶层有关"人之栖居"问题的长期思辨与抉择。而对此的认知,或将有助于更好地理解"园林"与"城市山林"之间的关系。     

Restoring the ruins: the social context of reconstruction in the countrysides of Northern France in the aftermath of the great war

The reconstruction of devastated farms, villages and market towns in northern France was not masterminded by the state or carried out by its emergency agencies, which were concerned with filling trenches, removing shells, restoring farmland and patching up ruins. Segments of French society needed to mobilize themselves to declare their losses and claim compensation from the state. Proposals by French trades unionists to bring in German building workers to reconstruct rural settlements were rejected. Instead, general purpose reconstruction co‐operatives were established, first in Lorraine and then throughout the régions dévastées. It is argued that the differing attitudes to religion and trades unionism in the countryside of northern France were reflected in the varying efforts made to effect rural reconstruction during the 1920s. The dream of international labour solidarity through reconstruction was not realized. Rather, restoration of northern France was undertaken by private construction companies, often contracted to general‐purpose co‐operatives.     

Determination of the depth of the deformation zone in the beds of annular foundations

Conclusions 1. The basic factors governing the depth H_a of the deformation zone in the beds of annular foundations are the area of the lower surface, the pressure, the ratio of the inside and outside radius, and the strength properties of the soils.2. The computational scheme proposed for determination of H_a in single-layer and multiple-layer beds of annular foundations makes it possible to account for soil indicators , c, and , and the average additional pressure on the lower surface, the geometric parameters, and the depth of embedment of the foundations.3. An annular foundation with r₁/r₂0.4 is recommended for computation as a foundation with a circular radius r₂.Odessa Civil-Engineering Institute. Translated from Osnovaniya, Fundamenty i Mekhanika Gruntov, No. 4, pp. 7–9, July–August, 1988.     

Planning for the Disposal of the Dead

Problem: Concurrent with the dramatic increase in the nation's elderly population expected in coming decades will be a need to dispose of larger numbers of our dead. This issue has religious, cultural, and economic salience, but is not typically considered a planning problem. Although cremation rates are rising, burial is projected to remain the preferred alternative for the majority of the U.S. population, and urban space for cemeteries is limited in many communities.

Purpose: We outline issues related to cemeteries and burial, describe a number of alternatives to traditional cemeteries, and explain how planners might usefully contribute.

Methods: This work is based on a literature review.

Results and conclusions: Alternatives to the cemetery are emerging, but remain limited. Some require changes to laws or public perceptions. Planning practice could be advanced by case studies showing how to integrate burial grounds into existing communities and how to alter public policy to permit alternatives to burial.

Takeaway for practice: As population demographics change, environmental concerns intensify, and demand for urban space grows, future land use decisions will have to balance a diverse set of social, cultural, and environmental expectations, including taking into account burial practices. There are only a handful of alternatives to traditional burial in a cemetery: burial in a multiple-use cemetery; natural burial; entombment in a mausoleum; cremation, with the ashes preserved in a columbarium or scattered elsewhere; and burial in a grave that will be reused in the future. This article provides planners with information about each of these alternatives, examples of how the planning process can address disposal of the dead, suggestions for avoiding environmental externalities, and ideas for better integrating the landscapes of death into community life.

Research support: None     

Evaluating the structural identifiability of the parameters of the EBPR sub-model in ASM2d by the differential algebra method

The calibration of ASMs is a prerequisite for their application to simulation of a wastewater treatment plant. This work should be made based on the evaluation of structural identifiability of model parameters. An EBPR sub-model including denitrification phosphorus removal has been incorporated in ASM2d. Yet no report is presented on the structural identifiability of the parameters in the EBPR sub-model. In this paper, the differential algebra approach was used to address this issue. The results showed that the structural identifiability of parameters in the EBPR sub-model could be improved by increasing the measured variables. The reduction factor η_NO3 was identifiable when combined data of aerobic process and anoxic process were assumed. For K_PP, X_PAO and q_PHA of the anaerobic process to be uniquely identifiable, one of them is needed to be determined by other ways. Likewise, if prior information on one of the parameters, K_PHA, X_PAO and q_PP of the aerobic process, is known, all the parameters are identifiable. The above results could be of interest to the parameter estimation of the EBPR sub-model. The algorithm proposed in the paper is also suitable for other sub-models of ASMs.     

Transforming the notion of the urban aborigine

Abstract

The ‘urban Aborigine’ has been a problematic figure in Australian social policy, because of the tension between his/her cultural status (apparently assimilated) and his/her politicised cultural identity (defiantly resistant to assimilation). This paper focuses on a moment in Australian history when a reformist intelligentsia was compelled to make better sense of the ‘urban Aborigine’, and on two intellectuals in particular: H. C. Coombs and Fay Gale. It then turns to the cultural practice of a particular sector of this intelligentsia ‐ the urban Aboriginal painter ‐ and shows how urban Aboriginal artists have sometimes addressed the problematic category ‘urban Aborigine’ by richly referencing icons of the ‘traditional’ in their paintings.     

The role of the Belgian engineer Paul Christophe on the development of reinforced concrete at the turn of the 20th century

Paul Christophe (1870–1957) owes his fame to being the author of the book Le béton armé et ses applications, published first in 1899 and again in 1902. This publication is considered internationally as one of the first treatises on reinforced concrete which included detailed explanations of the various computation models in use at the turn of the 20th century. He concluded by proposing rational modelling of reinforced concrete based mainly on the previous work of Coignet & de Tedesco. Until the present research, the professional life of Christophe and the context of his publication were unknown. The discovery of large parts of the family archives has allowed clarification of the role of Paul Christophe in the theoretical development of reinforced concrete. Therefore the paper proposes first to draw up the biography of Paul Christophe, secondly to expose the ins and outs of the publication Le béton armé et ses applications and finally to explore his relations with others precursors of reinforced concrete such as the Austrian engineer Fritz von Emperger (1862–1942). Die Rolle des belgischen Ingenieurs Paul Christophe auf die Entwicklung des Stahlbetonbaus zur Zeit der Jahrhundertwende Paul Christophe (1870–1957) verdankt seinen Ruf dem Buch Le béton armé et ses applications, dessen Autor er war. Erstmals veröffentlicht wurde das Buch 1899, ein zweites Mal im Jahr 1902. Dieses Werk wird international als eine der ersten Abhandlungen über den Stahlbetonbau angesehen, die detaillierte Erläuterungen zu den verschiedenen, zur Zeit der Jahrhundertwende üblichen Berechnungsmodellen enthält. Der Autor schloss sein Buch mit der These, dass eine vernünftige Modellierung von Stahlbeton hauptsächlich auf die früheren Arbeiten von Coignet & de Tedesco zurückgeht. Bis dato war in der heutigen Forschung nichts über das Berufsleben von Christophe und den Zusammenhang mit seiner Veröffentlichung bekannt. Die Entdeckung von großen Teilen des Familienarchivs ermöglichte es nun zu klären, welche Rolle Paul Christophe im Bereich der theoretischen Entwicklung des Stahlbetonbaus inne hatte. Der Beitrag beginnt mit seiner Biographie. Anschließend wird gezeigt, welche Strömungen und Arbeiten Einfluss auf sein Buch Le béton armé et ses applications hatten und welchen Einfluss das Buch wiederum auf die Fachwelt hatte. Zuletzt werden seine Beziehungen zu anderen Vorreitern des Stahlbetonbaus, wie z.B. zum österreichischen Ingenieur Fritz von Emperger (1862–1942) erkundet.     

The application of the Roessler-Faxvog model to the analysis of the relation between visibility and pollution of the atmosphere in Katowice

This work reports the results of investigations into changes in visibility as a result of pollution for the area of Katowice. The interdependence of the two factors were analyses using the Roessler-Faxvog model, which enables us to estimate the coefficient of proportionality (A_E) between the extinction of atmosphere and its pollution as 4.5 m²g^?1.The results of extinction coefficient measurements (b_E) made with a Volz photometer are also shown. From this data we see that the value of A_E is equal to 4.9 m²g^?1. This fits well with the value of A_E obtained indirectly as a result of the visibility pollution analysis.     

加快建材行业发展的对策研究

建材工业近年来经过结构调整,取得长足发展,但个别行业装备落后、创新不强、存在落后产能等问题值得关注.当前要以走绿色增长之路,走创新发展之路为重点,谋划建材工业发展的保障措施,继续加快技术创新,推进结构调整；实施节能减排,推动可持续发展；实施名牌战略,提升品牌影响力；制定配套政策,加强资金支持；拓宽营销渠道,开拓市场空间...