胡芦巴胶对混合粉制面包及生面团品质的影响

去皮高粱粉和粟米粉作面包用粉的替代物，以不同比例添加使用。胡芦巴胶部分替代面粉，替代率可达０．９％，研究了胡芦巴胶对流变特征及面包品质的影响。添加胶越多，生面团吸水量亦越高；添加胡芦巴胶后，生面团的稳定时间、断裂时间和机械耐力指数均有提高。按４∶１的面粉／高粱粉配方，添加０．６％胶可增大面包体积２１．８％，而０．９％的胶添加量能增大面包体积２１．３８％．     

大孔树脂富集纯化胡芦巴种子总黄酮

通过比较11种大孔吸附树脂对胡芦巴黄酮类化合物的静态吸附与解吸性能,筛选出DM130型大孔吸附树脂用于分离纯化胡芦巴种子中的黄酮类化合物。采用单因素方法分析该树脂富集纯化胡芦巴总黄酮的适宜工艺条件,确定优化的工艺条件为:上样量为3.64 mg黄酮/g树脂,上样液pH值5.0,吸附时间2 h,体积分数70%乙醇洗脱,洗脱速率2 mL/min,洗脱体积为150 mL,总黄酮回收率为85.05%,提取物中黄酮含量由7.8%提高到26.5%。     

胡芦巴胶的降血糖疗效

为研究胡芦巴胶对体内血糖水平的影响,进行了动物疗程实验,对于患阿脲糖尿病鼠,每天每千克体重分别添加０．１８,０．９和４．５ｇ的补充胡芦巴胶膳食;而对于正常鼠,添加量为每天每千克体重４．５ｇ,实验期为３２ｄ．对于这两类鼠,胡芦巴胶有显著的降血糖功效（Ｐ＜０．０５和Ｐ＜０．０１）,尤其对于病鼠,０．９ｇ／（ｋｇ·ｄ）和４．５ｇ／（ｋｇ·ｄ）的剂量,降血糖作用显著,并且降血糖效果取决于剂量的大小。     

Purification of Flavonoids from TrigoneUa foenum-graecum L. Seeds by Macroporous Adsorption Resin

通过比较11种大孔吸附树脂对胡芦巴黄酮类化合物的静态吸附与解吸性能,筛选出DMl30型大孔吸附树脂用于分离纯化胡芦巴种子中的黄酮类化合物。采用单因素方法分析该树脂富集纯化胡芦巴总黄酮的适宜工艺条件,确定优化的工艺条件为i上样量为3．64mg黄酮／g树脂,上样液pH值5．0,吸附时间2h,体积分数70％乙醇洗脱,洗脱速率2mL／min,洗脱体积为150mL,总黄酮回收率为85．05％,提取物中黄酮含量由7．8％提高到26．5％。     

高效液相色谱法测定南瓜果肉中胡芦巴碱含量

以脱脂南瓜粉为原料,70% 乙醇溶液为溶剂,微波辅助萃取样品中的胡芦巴碱,建立南瓜果肉中胡芦巴碱含量的高效液相色谱(HPLC)检测方法。实验过程中,采用的色谱柱为Agilent-ZORBX SB-C18(4.6mm × 150mm,5μm)柱,流动相为0.40mmol/L 磷酸溶液(pH3.2),流速为0.6mL/min,进样量为10μL,检测波长265nm,柱温为室温。研究结果表明,胡芦巴碱在5.6～134.4μg/mL 范围内具有良好的线性关系,相关系数r=0.9999(n=5);平均回收率为97.09%,RSD 为1.02%(n=5)。本法简便、准确、重复性好,可用于南瓜果肉中胡芦巴碱的含量测定。此外,采用此方法测定了13 个品种南瓜果肉中胡芦巴碱的含量,结果表明胡芦巴碱含量为172.5～475.5μg/g。     

高效液相色谱法测定南瓜粉中胡芦巴碱的含量

目的:建立高效液相色谱法测定南瓜粉中胡芦巴碱的方法.方法:甲醇超声波提取样品中的胡芦巴碱,色谱柱为Zorbax-NH2(4.6×150mm,5μm),流动相为乙腈-水(80∶20,V∶V),流速为1ml/min,检测波长为265nm.结果:胡芦巴碱浓度在5.01～101.4μg/ml内呈现良好的线性关系,相关系数r=0.9999(n=5);精密度实验RSD=0.31%(n=5);平均回收率为85.28%,RSD=4.4%(n=6);测定三个品系的30个样品中南瓜粉中胡芦巴碱的含量为0.1219～0.4836mg/g.结论:首次建立了高效液相色谱法测定南瓜中胡芦巴碱含量的方法,为南瓜功能性成分开发和遗传育种提供了理论依据.     

胡芦巴胶——新食品增稠剂的开发与研究

本介绍了胡芦巴胶的结构，性状，质量标准，功能及安全学评价。     

青海胡芦巴种子氨基酸含量分析及评价

为评价青海胡芦巴的品质,以2-[2-(7H-二苯并[a,g]咔唑)-乙基]氯甲酸酯(DBCEC-Cl)为衍生试剂,采用柱前衍生-高效液相色谱荧光检测法(HPLC-FLD)对胡芦巴种子中的18种氨基酸的含量进行了测定,并结合WHO/FAO氨基酸评分标准等多种方法对青海胡芦巴进行综合评价。结果发现,胡芦巴种子的必需氨基酸总量很高,几种必需氨基酸的比例均超过WHO/FAO标准模式,氨基酸比值系数分为75.54,EAAI指数为111.62。研究表明,胡芦巴种子氨基酸种类多,必需氨基酸含量高,组成合理均衡,有较高的研究价值和良好的开发利用前景。     

食品级瓜尔胶对蜜桃的保鲜效果初探

以食品级瓜尔胶配制成蜜桃保鲜剂,通过研究不同质量分数保鲜剂对蜜桃的保鲜效果,得出食品级瓜尔胶对于蜜桃涂膜保鲜的最优质量分数是0.5%,保鲜效果较好。实验表明:用食品级瓜尔胶制备的保鲜剂有效延长蜜桃的贮藏期,在贮藏期间,可以降低蜜桃果实的损耗,在可溶性固形物、硬度、维生素C含量方面,可以减缓蜜桃的下降,减弱蜜桃的新陈代谢。     

南瓜果肉中胡芦巴碱提取工艺的研究

以南瓜果肉为试材,研究乙醇浸提法提取胡芦巴碱工艺条件。在单因素试验的基础上,进行 L9(34)正交试验,确定乙醇浸提法最优提取工艺条件。结果表明：乙醇浸提法最优提取工艺条件为醇浓度50%、提取时间8h、浸提温度60℃、液料比20ml/g。南瓜果肉中胡芦巴碱的提取量为297.4μg/g。     

The influence of fenugreek gum and extrusion modified fenugreek gum on bread

Fenugreek gum (extruded and non-extruded) was substituted for wheat flour at 0%, 5% and 10% (w/w) and the rheological effects and breadmaking characteristics were determined. Bread containing fenugreek gum (FG) at 5% and 10% showed volumes and texture comparable with a control bread. Quality was high due to sheeting the dough twice as well as the use of the three-fold-turn puff pastry laminating method during processing of dough, instead of the standard rounding of dough. The three-fold-turn method is believed to have caused a higher incorporation of air into the dough as well as facilitated better distribution and incorporation of the fenugreek gum into bread dough. Extruding FG also improved its solubility in bread. Fenugreek gum (FG) resulted in an increase in dough farinograph water absorption compared with the control, but extruding the gum caused an even greater increase in water absorption when compared with the non-extruded gum. The addition of FG to bread dough caused an increase in G′ and G″. Starch pasting using RVA showed an increase in peak viscosity, final viscosity, breakdown and setback in a dose-related response when compared with a control.     

复配食用胶对乳化肠品质的影响

对魔芋胶、卡拉胶、黄原胶3种单体食用胶两两复配,添加量为肉总质量的0.6%,通过测定成品出品率、质构、色差和保水性,研究复配食用胶对乳化肠品质的影响。结果表明：添加复配胶后成品的出品率最高可达183%,高于对照组和单体胶的效果;复配食用胶还可以显著提高乳化肠的硬度、弹性、保水性和红度值(a*) (P＜0.05),即添加复配食用胶提高了乳化肠的品质,改善了产品的外观。魔芋胶、卡拉胶和黄原胶之间存在协同增效性,其中魔芋胶与卡拉胶、魔芋胶与黄原胶、卡拉胶与黄原胶的最佳复配质量比分别为4:6、3:7和7:3。提示将食用胶复配应用到乳化肠的生产中可以显著提高产品的出品率和改善产品的品质,食用胶复配后对提高产品质量具有协同的效果。     

The Utilization of Extract Durian (Durio zibethinus L.) Seed Gum as an Emulsifier in Vegan Mayonnaise

Durian is the most popular seasonal fruit in Indonesia. Only 1/3 of durian is edible, whereas the seeds are thrown away. This waste is potential of value-added such as seed gum. Mayonnaise is o/w emulsion based product use egg yolk as an emulsifier, but in this research, durian seed gum (2,5%, 3%, 3,5%, 4%, and 4,5%) has been used to replace on egg yolk in making vegan mayonnaise. The best formulation of vegan mayonnaise from 4% durian seed gum was compared to commercial and the control as well. This result is as good as mayonnaise with egg yolk, and the commercial mayonnaise.     

加水量对添加不同食用胶的乳化肠品质的影响

将卡拉胶、魔芋胶、亚麻籽胶分别按质量分数0.6%的添加量加入到乳化肠中,并逐渐提高水的添加量,通过测定每组样品的质构、色差和保水性,并进行感官评价,研究各种食用胶对乳化肠品质的影响。结果表明：在加水量65%～80%时,随着加水量的增加,各组样品的硬度逐渐下降,弹性逐渐提高,添加食用胶样品组质地明显优于对照组的样品(P＜0.05);添加食用胶未对乳化肠的红度(a*值)产生不利影响,但是加水量的增加会引起a*值逐渐降低。添加食用胶还可以显著的提高乳化肠的保水性(P＜0.05);感官评定结果表明添加食用胶的样品具有较好的总体可接受性。因此,卡拉胶、魔芋胶、亚麻籽胶均为乳化肠生产的良好添加成分,特别是亚麻籽胶和魔芋胶,可以显著提高乳化肠品质。     

Steady and dynamic shear rheological properties of extrusion modified fenugreek gum solutions

This study investigated the rheological properties of extrusion modified fenugreek gum solutions (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0%, w/v) under steady and dynamic shear conditions. Fenugreek gum was extruded in a twin-screw extruder without an exit die to minimize a decrease in molecular weight of fenugreek gum during extrusion process. Both of the steady and dynamic shear rheological tests revealed that extrusion process did not substantially influence the steady and dynamic shear properties of the gum. The power law model was applied to describe the flow behavior of the extruded gum solutions. The extrusion modified fenugreek gum solutions exhibited a shearthinning flow behavior at 25°C, and the values of consistency index (K) and apparent viscosity (η_a,100) increased with an increase in the gum concentration. The magnitudes of storage modulus (G′) and loss modulus (G″) for the extrusion modified fenugreek gum solutions increased with increasing frequency (ω) and with increasing gum concentration.     

Preliminary studies on the mucilages extracted from Okra fruits,Taro tubers,Jew's mellow leaves and Fenugreek seeds

Okra fruits, Taro tubers, Jew's mellow leaves and Fenugreek seeds are commonly used in Egypt to prepare popular diets with desired slimy consistency.The mucilages were extracted and preliminary studies conducted to characterise them physically. The pH values of a 1% solution of the mucilages varied from 6·9-7·5 for Okra and Taro, 7·1–7·8 for Jew's mellow, and 5·9-6 for Fenugreek, depending upon extraction conditions. The highest viscosity was observed in Okra solutions, followed by Fenugreek, Jew's mellow and Taro mucilages. Okra and Jew's mellow mucilages are acidic polysaccharides which contain higher amounts of ash than the Taro and Fenugreek mucilages which are neutral polysaccharides. All mucilages are associated with protein. Gel chromatography indicated strong interaction of protein with the polysaccharide. The acid hydrolysis of the mucilages followed by paper chromatography revealed that all mucilages contain methyl pentose, glucose, galactose, and fructose, in different proportions. Taro and Fenugreek mucilages are free of rhamnose. All mucilages are devoid of arabinose and mannose except Fenugreek which contained these two sugars.     

Evaluation of extrusion-modified fenugreek gum

The present study was carried out to investigate the molecular mass distribution, hydration, and emulsifying properties of extrusion-modified fenugreek gum. Fenugreek gum was extruded in a twin-screw extruder with four different zone 5 barrel temperatures (105, 120, 135, and 150 °C). To minimize the reduction in molecular weight of fenugreek gum during the extrusion process, an exit die was not used. High performance size exclusion chromatography revealed that extrusion cooking slightly changed the molecular mass distribution of the gum. Hydration properties of the gum, such as water dispersibility, water solubility, water hydration viscosity, and water absorption rate, were significantly improved after extrusion cooking. The results suggested that extrusion processing of fenugreek gum could lead to some changes in the structure and functional groups, including disruption of the cell-wall structures and unfolding of the polysaccharide molecules, which could lead to the exposure of functional groups, such as hydrophilic groups, from inside, thereby improving the hydration properties. However, the extrusion process did not significantly affect the water holding capacity of the gum, nor significantly influence the emulsion capacity and stability of the gum. On the other hand, the extrusion process did noticeably remove the unpleasant flavor associated with the original fenugreek gum.     

响应面法优化猪肉肠中食用胶复配配方研究

为了研究添加不同种类食用胶及其复配比例对猪肉肠出品率、保水率和感官品质的影响。本文以猪肉肠为试验对象,以亚麻籽胶、瓜尔豆胶和魔芋胶3种食用胶的复配比例为试验因素,在单因素实验基础之上,以出品率、保水率和感官评分为响应值,利用响应面（Box-Behnken）中心组合法进行三因素三水平的响应面优化猪肉肠中食用胶复配配方试验。结果表明,3种食用胶的最佳复配比例为:亚麻籽胶添加量0.50%、瓜尔豆胶添加量0.40%、魔芋胶添加量0.65%,所得猪肉肠出品率为98.97%、保水率为90.26%、感官评分为8.14,产品弹性较好,整体可接受度较高且优化所得结果准确可靠,可为猪肉肠加工工艺研究和品质提升提供数据支持和理论参考。