Ti-Nb-Si基高温合金表面包埋Si-Cr共渗涂层的组织

采用Si-Cr包埋共渗法在Ti-Nb-Si基高温合金表面制备了Cr改性的硅化物涂层,共渗温度为1250和1300℃,时间为10h。利用SEM,EDS和XRD等检测手段分析了涂层的结构、元素分布及相组成等,并对涂层的形成机理进行了讨论。结果表明:Si-Cr共渗温度为1250℃时,降低渗剂中的催化剂NaF含量会降低Si和Cr的反应扩散速度并且改变了涂层的结构和相组成。催化剂NaF含量为8wt%,涂层外层由(Nb,Ti)Si2及少量(Ti,X)5Si3(X代表Nb,Cr和Hf等元素)组成,中间层由(Ti,X)5Si4组成,过渡层由(Nb,Ti)5Si3组成;降低NaF含量至5wt%,Si-Cr共渗温度仍为1250℃时,涂层外层由(Ti,X)5Si3组成,且有较多孔洞出现,中间层为(Ti,X)5Si4,而过渡层很薄。与渗Si涂层相比,Si-Cr共渗涂层中的裂纹明显减少,但在涂层外层存在较多孔洞且涂层厚度明显减小。提高包埋共渗温度至1300℃时,Cr的反应扩散速度得到提高,且在涂层外层出现了(Nb1.95Cr1.05)Cr2Si3三元相。     

铌硅化物基合金Si-Y_2O_3共渗涂层的组织形成

采用Si-Y_2O_3包埋共渗工艺在铌硅化物基超高温合金表面制备Y改性的硅化物涂层,共渗温度分别为1050、1150和1250℃,共渗时间分别为5、10、15和20 h.利用SEM、EDS和XRD等方法分析涂层的结构、元素分布及相组成,并对涂层形成机理及Y_2O_3催渗机理进行讨论.结果表明:涂层具有明显分层的结构,由外至内依次为(Nb,X)Si_2(X表示Ti、Hf和Cr)外层和(Nb,X)_5Si_3过渡层,在过渡层与基体之间有一些不连续分布的细小(Cr,Al)_2(Nb,Ti)块状沉淀;Y在涂层中的分布不均匀,在(Cr,Al)_2(Nb,Ti)相中Y含量为0.94%(摩尔分数)左右,而在(No,X)Si_2和(No,X)_5Si_3相中则为0.46%～0.57%;随共渗温度升高,Y含量增加显著;而随共渗时间延长,涂层中的Y含量增加较小;渗剂中添加Y_2O_3不但细化了涂层的组织,而且产生了明显的催渗作用.     

活性元素Y对高Nb-TiAl合金表面硅化物渗层组织的影响

目的提高Nb-TiAl合金的抗高温氧化性能。方法采用NaF为催化剂、1080℃下Si-Y扩散共渗5 h的方法,在高Nb-Ti Al表面制备了Y改性硅化物渗层,利用SEM、EDS和XRD分析了渗剂中Y_2O_3含量对共渗层组织及相组成的影响。结果采用不同含量Y_2O_3所制备的Si-Y共渗层具有多层复合结构,共渗层的厚度随Y元素的添加呈先增大后减小的趋势,共渗层的内层均由γ-Ti Al相组成;当渗剂中Y_2O_3含量为2%和3%(质量分数)时,共渗层的外层主要为(Ti,Nb)Si_2相,中间层分为上下两层,分别为(Ti,Nb)_5Si_4相和(Ti,Nb)_5Si_3相,其中2%Y_2O_3的Si-Y共渗层有一层富Al的(Ti,Nb)_5Si_4和(Ti,Nb)_5Si_3相组成的浅表层;当渗剂中Y_2O_3含量为0%、1%和5%时,共渗层外层以(Ti,Nb)_5Si_4相为主,中间层主要为(Ti,Nb)_5Si_3相。结论稀土Y元素质量分数为2%~3%时具有明显的促渗作用,且获得的Si-Y渗层组织结构致密,但添加过量的稀土元素会抑制Si元素的吸附与扩散,使得Si-Y共渗层中产生较多的孔洞,同时渗层的组织结构发生了改变。     

TiAl合金表面Si-Al-Y共渗层的组织与摩擦磨损性能

通过1050 ℃下Si-Al-Y2O3扩散共渗4 h的方法在TiAl合金表面制备了Y改性的Si-Al共渗层,采用SEM、EDS和XRD分析共渗层的结构及相组成,并对TiAl合金基体及共渗层的常温(20 ℃)及高温(600 ℃)耐磨性进行研究。结果表明：1050 ℃下共渗4 h所制备的Si-Al-Y共渗层具有多层复合结构,由外向内依次为TiSi2-外层,(Ti,X)5Si4(X表示元素Nb和Cr)及(Ti,X)5Si3中间层,TiAl2和γ-TiAl内层及富Al的过渡层组成;在常温和600 ℃高温条件下,Si-Al-Y共渗层的耐磨性均明显优于TiAl合金基体,并且Si-Al-Y共渗层具有良好的耐高温磨损性能,在实验温度条件下其磨损机理无明显变化,均为剥层磨损和磨粒磨损;TiAl合金基体在常温下的磨损机理为犁削磨损和磨粒磨损,在600 ℃高温下的磨损机理为犁削磨损、氧化磨损和磨粒磨损     

包渗工艺制备TiAl合金表面Si-Y共渗层的组织和抗高温氧化性能（英文）

通过在1030,1080和1130℃下扩散共渗5h在TiAl合金表面制备Y改性的硅化物渗层,分析共渗层的显微组织及相组成,并对其高温抗氧化性能进行研究。结果表明:共渗温度对共渗层的组织有显著影响,在1080℃共渗5h所制备的共渗层由外向内依次为富Al的(Ti,Nb)_5Si_4和(Ti,Nb)_5Si_3表层、(Ti,Nb)Si_2外层、(Ti,Nb)_5Si_4和(Ti,Nb)_5Si_3中间层及γ-TiAl内层。1080℃共渗5h制备的共渗层在1000℃下具有良好的抗高温氧化性能,且渗层的氧化速率常数较基体的约降低了2个数量级。     

铌基超高温合金表面Si-Al包埋共渗抗氧化涂层的组织形成

通过1000～1150℃Si-Al包埋共渗8h的方法在铌基超高温合金表面制备Al改性硅化物抗氧化涂层,结果表明：实验温度下制备的涂层均具有多层复合结构;不同温度下共渗涂层外层的相组成不同,但最内层均由（Nb,Ti）Al3和（Cr,Al）2（Nb,Ti）组成。1050℃、8hSi-Al共渗在合金表面形成了Al改性的硅化物涂层,其最外层主要为Nb3Si5Al2,依次往内为（Nb,X）（Si,Al）2（X代表Ti,Cr和Hf元素）层、（Nb,X）5Si3层以及最内层;而在1000℃、8h条件下Si-Al共渗形成的涂层以（Nb,Ti）Al3为主,其中含有少量的（Nb,X）5Si3,没有形成以硅化物为主的涂层;在1100℃、8h和1150℃、8h条件下Si-Al共渗形成的涂层外层以（Nb,X）（Si,Al）2为主,但其中Al含量（摩尔分数）仅为2.35%,没有形成Nb-Si-Al三元化合物层。     

铌基超高温合金表面包埋Si-Y共渗涂层的显微组织

通过在1050和1150 ℃包埋Si-Y共渗5-20 h的方法在铌基超高温合金上制备抗氧化涂层,对涂层结构、相组成和形成过程进行了分析.结果表明:涂层主体为(Nb,X)Si2(X=Ti,Cr,Hf),向内依次为(Nb,X)5Si3过渡层和富Al扩散区;不同共渗条件下制备的涂层具有相似的结构,涂层生长的动力学曲线符合抛物线规律.能谱的半定量分析表明,渗层中的Y含量随共渗温度的升高增加显著,而随共渗时间的延长增加缓慢.     

铌硅基超高温合金Si-Ce共渗层的组织及高温抗氧化性能

采用Si-CeO2包埋共渗的工艺在铌硅基超高温合金表面制备了Si-Ce共渗层,研究了其在1250℃时的恒温氧化性能.采用XRD、SEM及EDS分析了Si-Ce共渗层氧化前后的相组成、组织形貌及微区成分.结果表明:Si-Ce共渗层具有明显分层的结构,由外至内依次为(Nb,X)Si2(X表示Ti,Hf和Cr)外层和(Ti,Nb)5Si4过渡层,且Si-Ce共渗层的生长符合抛物线的动力学规律;1250℃的氧化结果显示,Si-Ce共渗层的氧化动力学曲线遵循抛物线规律,其抛物线速率常数比未制备渗层的基体合金低4个数量级,说明其具有优异的高温抗氧化性能.     

CeO2对铌硅基超高温合金硅化物渗层组织及抗氧化性能的影响

采用Si-CeO2包埋共渗工艺于1 150℃在铌硅基超高温合金表面制备Si-Ce共渗层,分析渗剂中CeO2粉含量对共渗层组织、相组成及高温抗氧化性能的影响。结果表明:Si-Ce共渗层的组织、结构与单独渗硅层的相似,由(Nb,X)Si2(X表示Ti、Hf和Cr)外层、(Ti,Nb)5Si4过渡层和富Al扩散层组成。EDS分析结果表明,Ce在共渗层中的分布不均匀,而在由原基体合金中的(Nb,X)5Si3块转变而成的富Hf(Nb,X)Si2相中含量较高。渗剂中添加CeO2不仅起到了细化渗层组织的作用,而且起到了明显的催渗作用,当渗剂中CeO2粉含量为3%(质量分数)时催渗效果更显著。Si-Ce共渗层及单独渗硅层经1 250℃氧化50 h后的氧化膜均主要由TiO2与SiO2组成。但Si-Ce共渗层试样的氧化膜中TiO2棒更细小,并且在SiO2基体中的分布也更均匀,因而能显著改善氧化膜的粘附性与致密性,进而提高Si-Ce共渗层的高温抗氧化性能。     

GCr15钢硼铬共渗层组织与相结构的研究

通过金相显微、扫描电镜能谱、电子探针、X射线衍射分析,探讨了GCr15钢盐浴硼铬共渗层的组织和相组成。结果表明:硼铬共渗层与单渗硼层相似,具有梳齿状特征,但在其渗层外部有一含有较高铬和碳元素的白亮带;共渗层主要是由(Fe,Cr)_2B相组成,此外还有少量的(Cr,Fe)_7(C_2B)_3和(Fe,Cr)_3(C,B)相。     

Microstructure and dry sliding wear behavior of laser clad AlCrNiSiTi multi-principal element alloy coatings

The approximately equimolar ratio AlCrNiSiTi multi-principal element alloy(MPEA) coatings were fabricated by laser cladding on Ti-6A1-4V(Ti64) alloy.Scanning electron microscopy(SEM),equipped with an energy-dispersive spectroscopy(EDS),and X-ray diffraction(XRD) were used to characterize the microstructure and composition.Investigations show that the coatings consist of(Ti,Cr)_5Si_3 and NiAl phases,formed by in situ reaction.The phase composition is initially explicated according to obtainable binary and ternary phase diagrams,and the formation Gibbs energy of Ti_5Si_3,V_5Si_3 and Cr_5Si_3.Dry sliding reciprocating friction and wear tests of the AlCrNiSiTi coating and Ti64 alloy substrate without coating were evaluated.A surface mapping profiler was used to evaluate the wear volume.The worn surface was characterized by SEM-EDS.The hardness and wear resistance of the AlCrNiSiTi coating are well compared with that of the basal material(Ti64).The main wear mechanism of the AlCrNiSiTi coating is slightly adhesive transfer from GCr15 counterpart,and a mixed layer composed of transferred materials and oxide is formed.     

Structure of Al-modified silicide coatings on an Nb-based ultrahigh temperature alloy prepared by pack cementation techniques

In order to prepare Al-modified silicide coatings on an Nb-based ultrahigh temperature alloy, both a two-stage pack cementation technique and a co-deposition pack cementation technique were employed. The two-stage process included siliconizing a specimen at 1150 °C for 4 h followed by aluminizing it at 800-1000 °C for 4 h. The coating prepared by pack siliconization was composed of a thick (Nb,X)Si₂ (X represents Ti, Cr and Hf elements) outer layer and a thin (Nb,X)₅Si₃ transitional layer; after the siliconized specimens were aluminized at or above 860 °C, a (Nb,Ti)₃Si₅Al₂ phase developed at the surface of the coating, and furthermore, when aluminizing was carried out at 860 °C, a new (Nb,Ti)₂Al layer formed in the coating between the (Nb,X)₅Si₃ layer and the substrate, but when aluminizing was performed at 900-1000 °C, the new layer formed was (Nb,Ti)Al₃. The co-deposition process was carried out by co-depositing Si and Al on specimens at 1000-1150 °C for 8 h under different pack compositions, and it was found that the structure of co-deposition coatings was more evidently affected by co-deposition temperature than pack composition. An Al-modified silicide coating with an outer layer composed of (Nb,Ti)₃Si₅Al₂, (Nb,X)Si₂ and (Nb,Ti)Al₃ was obtained by co-depositing Si and Al at 1050 °C.     

Structure and oxidation behavior of Si-Y co-deposition coatings on an Nb silicide based ultrahigh temperature alloy prepared by pack cementation technique

In order to improve the oxidation resistance of silicide coatings on Nb silicide based alloys, Y-modified silicide coatings were prepared by co-depositing Si and Y at 1050, 1150 and 1250 °C for 5-20 h, respectively. It has been found that the coatings prepared by co-depositing Si and Y at 1050 and 1150 °C for 5-20 h as well as at 1250 °C for 5 h were composed of a thick (Nb,X)Si₂ (X represents Ti, Cr and Hf elements) outer layer and a thin (Nb,X)₅Si₃ inner layer, while the coatings prepared by co-depositing Si and Y at 1250 °C for 10-20 h possessed a thin outer layer composed of (Ti,Nb)₅Si₃ and Ti-based solid solution, a thick (Nb,X)Si₂ intermediate layer and a thin (Nb,X)₅Si₃ inner layer. EDS analyses revealed that the content of Y in the (Nb,X)Si₂ layers of all the coatings was about 0.34-0.58 at.% while that in the outer layers of the coatings prepared by co-depositing Si and Y at 1250 °C for 10-20 h was about 1.39-1.88 at.%. The specimens treated by co-depositing Si and Y at 1250 °C for 10 h were selected for oxidation test. The oxidation behavior of the coating specimens at 1250 °C indicated that the Si-Y co-deposition coating had better oxidation resistance than the simple siliconized coating because the oxidation rate constant of the Si-Y co-deposition coating was lower than that of the simple siliconized coating by about 31%. The scale developing on the Si-Y co-deposition coating consisted of a thicker outer layer composed of SiO₂ and TiO₂ and a thinner SiO₂ inner layer.     

镍含量对激光熔覆镍-铁基涂层结构与性能的影响

采用侧向同步送粉,激光熔覆+重熔的方式在低碳钢表面制备了两种Ni–Fe–Si–B–Nb合金涂层,化学成分分别为(Ni0.5Fe0.5)62Si18B18Nb2(原子数分数x/%)和(Ni0.6Fe0.4)62Si18B18Nb2(x/%)。探讨Ni含量变化对涂层物相组成、显微组织及其性能的影响。试验结果表明,当Ni和Fe的比为1:1时,涂层重熔层物相分析表现为非晶特征的漫散射峰,微观组织由等轴晶+非晶构成,而当Ni和Fe的比为3:2时,涂层重熔层物相分析无漫散射峰形成,微观组织为树枝晶。同时树枝晶组织的显微硬度值较低,这和涂层内部形成的奥氏体较多,而且无Fe2B相和非晶相生成有关。     

电弧喷涂含非晶相的Fe基涂层的电化学行为

采用高速电弧喷涂技术制备了含有非晶相的3种铁基涂层(AC1-Fe59.5Cr16.2WC3.0Mn0.3 B20.2Si0.6,AC2-Fe59.8Cr16.0WC1.5Mo1.5Mn0.3B20.0Si0.7,AC3-Fe59.9Cr16.0Sn3.0Mn0.3B20.0C0.2Si0.6).对涂层的极化行为和交流阻抗行为进行了研究,涂层AC1中含有较多的非晶相,在Tafel线性极化区具有最低的自腐蚀电流,在阳极极化时表现出钝化趋势.涂层的电化学阻抗谱均可采用R(Q(R(QR)))型等效电路来进行分析,涂层AC1与其它涂层相比具有更大的电化学反应电阻.在一系列的电化学反应实验中,涂层AC1的耐蚀性最好.     

SPS熔铸制备Nb/Nb_5Si_3原位复合材料

利用SPS熔铸工艺成功制备了近理论密度的Nb/Nb5Si3原位复合材料,并用XRD、扫描电镜(SEM)、电子探针微区分析(EPMA)和电子能谱分析(EDS)研究复合材料的相组成和微观结构。结果表明,SPS熔铸的Nb/Nb5Si3复合材料组织由近球状的初生Nb颗粒与(Nb+Nb5Si3)共晶组织组成,且随着冷却速度增加,复合材料组织中的初生Nb颗粒和共晶组织变得细小。SPS熔铸工艺可同步实现Nb/Nb5Si3复合材料的原位合成与液态成形一体化,所制备Nb/Nb5Si3原位复合材料的密度达到理论密度的99.69%。     

Ti_3Al及其渗铝涂层的热腐蚀性能

采用电化学方法并结合各种物相分析技术研究了Ti_3Al金属间化合物在熔融(Na,K)_2SO_4-NaCl中的热腐蚀行为及渗铝涂层对其耐蚀性能的影响。结果表明,Ti_3Al耐热腐蚀性能较差。形成了外层为TiO_2,中间层为富铝的TiO_2-Al_2O_3复合层,内层为富铌的Nb_2O_5-TiO_2-Al_2O_3层的三层结构。渗铝涂层能在合金表面形成Al_2O_3氧化膜而明显改善Ti_3Al的耐蚀性能。     

钼表面包埋渗法制备(Ti, Mo)Si2/MoSi2 涂层及其在1200 ℃周期性氧化环境下的氧化行为

利用连续沉积的包埋渗法,在钼表面制备了(Ti,Mo)Si₂/MoSi₂复合涂层。利用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪和热力学计算对涂层进行了表征与反应机理分析。结果表明,共沉积法无法实现Ti的有效沉积。先渗Ti、再渗Si的两步沉积工艺能有效制备Ti改性硅化物涂层。涂层分为3层,最外层为(Ti,Mo)Si₂三元化合物层,次外层为MoSi₂层,次外层与基体间为Mo₅Si₃过渡层。渗硅温度对涂层结构无明显影响。Ti改性硅化物涂层的生长速率略低于单一渗硅涂层的生长速率。(Ti,Mo)Si₂/MoSi₂复合涂层的形成由Ti、Si内扩散控制。Ti元素集中在涂层表层,Si元素通过(Ti,Mo)Si₂化合物层与基体作用形成MoSi₂层和Mo₅Si₃过渡层。渗Ti过程中,埋渗料间反应会引入游离态铝氟化物AlF₃。在随后的渗硅过程中,游离态Al以Al₃Mo的形式在(Ti,Mo)Si₂层中靠近MoSi₂层的上界面处析出。在1200 ℃周期性氧化过程中,(Ti,Mo)Si₂/MoSi₂复合涂层持续循环氧化180 h后未出现明显失重。(Ti,Mo)Si₂层氧化形成的SiO₂与TiO₂致密复合氧化层能填充涂层表面裂纹,持续阻碍氧扩散,因此其在周期性氧化环境下的抗氧化性能显著优于单一渗硅涂层。     

Oxidation Resistant Ce-modified Silicide Coatings Prepared on Ti–6Al–4V Alloy by Pack Cementation Process

Cerium-modified silicide coatings were prepared on Ti–6Al–4V by pack cementation. The effects of different kinds of activators (NaCl, AlF₃, AlCl_3, and NH₄Cl) and pack CeO₂ concentrations (1, 3, and 5 wt%) on the coating structures were studied. The results show that the coatings were mainly composed of a TiSi₂ outer layer, a TiSi middle layer, a Ti₅Si₄ inner layer and a 1–2 μm thick Ti₅Si₃ interdiffusion zone. NH₄Cl was a more suitable activator for preparing the Ce-modified silicide coating on Ti–6Al–4V, based on the coating microstructure and growth rate. The coating thickness decreased with increasing CeO₂ concentration in the pack. Oxidation tests at 800 °C in air showed that the Ce-modified silicide coating showed improved oxidation resistance compared to both the uncoated alloy and the pure silicide coating. A dense, but thick oxide scale formed that was composed of a TiO₂ outer layer and a SiO₂ inner layer.