Ni-Co双金属催化剂在二氧化碳重整甲烷反应中的催化活性研究

采用等体积浸渍法制备了Ni/BaTiO3、Co/BaTiO3和Ni-Co/BaTiO3催化剂,并在固定床反应装置上考察了在973~1 073 K这些催化剂对CO2重整CH4反应的催化活性,且采用程序升温还原技术对催化剂进行表征,发现与单金属催化剂相比,Ni-Co/BaTiO3双金属催化剂有更为优越的催化活性。结果表明在Ni-Co/BaTiO3催化剂中Ni和Co之间产生了一定的协同作用。同时研究了不同的制备方法对Ni-Co双金属催化剂催化活性的影响,用溶胶-凝胶法制备的催化剂具有更高的催化活性。     

ZrO2/SiO2催化乙醇乙醛制备1,3-丁二烯

采用干混法、浸渍法、溶胶凝胶法3种制备方法制备ZrO₂/SiO₂,在固定床微型反应器中进行催化剂的活性评价。通过溶胶凝胶法制备的ZrO₂/SiO₂对丁二烯选择性最高,达到64.77%。采用氨气程序升温脱附(NH₃-TPD)、X射线衍射(XRD)、透射电镜(TEM)等手段对催化剂表面酸性以及表面结构进行了表征,结果表明锆在二氧化硅表面均匀分布有利于乙醇乙醛转化率以及对1,3-丁二烯选择性的提高,同时1,3-丁二烯的生成需要合适的酸性位。以溶胶凝胶法制备的ZrO₂/SiO₂为催化剂,对其制备条件进行了优化,得出最佳制备条件为焙烧温度650℃、硝酸浓度2mol/L、混合温度30℃。     

制备条件对Ni2P/TiO2-Al2O3催化剂加氢脱硫性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了TiO₂-Al₂O₃复合载体, 以柠檬酸为络合剂, 浸渍法制备了负载型Ni₂P/TiO₂-Al₂O₃催化剂前体, 程序升温H₂还原法制备了Ni₂P/TiO₂-Al₂O₃催化剂, 并用 X 射线衍射(XRD)、N₂吸附比表面积(BET)测定技术对催化剂的结构和性质进行了表征, 考察了浸渍方法、Ni/P摩尔比、Ni₂P负载量对其进行的二苯并噻吩(DBT)加氢脱硫(HDS)性能的影响。结果表明, 当Ni/P比低于1:1时, 能得到单一的Ni₂P物相;当Ni/P比为2:1时, 开始出现Ni₃P物相。采用Ni/P比为1:1、Ni₂P负载量为30%、采用共浸渍方法制备的Ni₂P/TiO₂-Al₂O₃催化剂具有最好的活性, 在360℃、3.0MPa、氢油比500 (体积比)、液时体积空速2.0h^-1的条件下反应4h时, 二苯并噻吩转化率为99.5%。     

CO_2-O_2重整CH_4反应制备合成气的催化剂研究

针对CO_2-O_2联合重整CH_4反应制备合成气的催化剂进行了研究。首先以Zr、Ce无机盐为前体,采用溶胶-凝胶法和分步浸渍法制备ZrO_2-CeO_2载体,然后运用浸渍法制备负载型Ni催化剂,对载体的制备方法、焙烧温度、Ce/Zr比例及不同的活性组分对催化剂性能的影响进行了研究,再用BET和XRD等技术对催化剂进行表征。结果表明:在550℃下焙烧载体,以浸渍法制备的Ce/Zr=1/2,Ni负载量为9%的催化剂Ni/ZrO_2-CeO_2用于CH_4重整反应,可获得较高的转化率和稳定性。     

载体制备方法对Ni/TiO2催化剂顺酐液相加氢性能的影响

为了制备高活性和高选择性催化剂,实现顺酐下游加氢衍生物的定向合成,分别采用水热法、沉淀法和溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO2载体,并以浸渍法制备Ni质量分数为10%的Ni/TiO₂催化剂。采用N₂低温物理吸附、XRD、H₂-TPR及H₂-TPD等方法对催化剂进行表征,并评价催化剂的顺酐液相加氢性能。结果表明,以溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO₂为载体的催化剂具有最高的CC及CO加氢活性,在反应温度240 ℃和氢压5 MPa条件下,顺酐转化率为100%,γ-丁内酯选择性为52.2%,是相同反应条件下水热法TiO₂负载Ni催化剂的3.3倍和沉淀法TiO₂负载Ni催化剂的6.2倍。产生这一现象的原因与溶胶-凝胶法制备的TiO₂以锐钛矿和金红石混合晶相存在有关。     

邻苯二甲酸酯加氢Ru-Ni双金属催化剂研究

采用浸渍法制备了双金属Ru-Ni/AC系列催化剂,并采用X射线衍射(XRD)、程序升温还原(H2-TPR)和CO脉冲吸附等表征手段对催化剂进行了表征.在邻苯二甲酸二异辛酯(DOP)加氢制备环己烷1,2-二甲酸二异辛酯(DEHCH)反应中评估了该系列催化剂的性能,并讨论了Ni在其中的作用.发现掺杂Ni后RuNi/AC催化...     

SiO_2负载CeO_2催化氧化芴制备芴酮

由于在工业上液相催化氧化法制备芴酮无法连续生产以及产生大量废水的缺点,本文以SiO_2为载体,分别采用浸渍法、沉淀法和溶胶凝胶法制备了CeO_2/SiO_2催化剂,用于空气气相催化氧化芴制备芴酮。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、氢气程序升温还原(H_2-TPR)、二氧化碳程序升温脱附(CO_2-TPD)、高分辨率透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)等手段对所制备的催化剂进行表征,考察了不同方法制备的CeO_2/SiO_2对芴选择性催化氧化的影响,结果表明芴在CeO_2活性组分上的转化率与CeO_2还原温度、表面氧空位浓度以及表面氧浓度有关。芴酮在CeO_2活性组分上的选择性与CeO_2表面碱量以及碱性有关。在3种制备方法中,采用溶胶凝胶法制备的CeO_2/SiO_2分散性最好,催化活性最佳,在反应温度370℃、质量空速0.5h~(–1)、气液比250时,芴的转化率可达到83%,选择性可达到60%。     

载体对镍基催化剂及其甲苯水蒸气重整性能的影响

采用等体积浸渍法制备了MgO、HZSM-5、y-Al2O3、TiO2和SiO2负载的镍催化剂,考察了不同载体负载的镍基催化剂在甲苯水蒸汽重整反应中的活性和稳定性,并通过X射线衍射(XRD),程序升温还原(H2-TPR)以及程序升温脱附(NH3-TPD)等方法对催化剂的性质进行表征.结果表明,Ni/MgO催化剂中的镍镁固溶体和Ni/y-Al2O3催化剂中的镍铝尖晶石的形成有利于提高催化剂的活性,而载体的酸性容易导致催化剂积碳而不利于催化剂的稳定性.     

制备方法对Co-Pd/TiO2催化剂催化CH4-CO2梯阶转化的影响

以钴、钯为活性金属, 分别采用浸渍法和溶胶-凝胶法制备了Co-Pd/TiO₂催化剂, 考察了不同制备方法制备的Co-Pd/TiO₂催化剂对CH₄-CO₂梯阶转化直接合成C₂含氧化合物的影响。利用XRD、XPS和N₂-吸附-脱附对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明:两种方法制备的催化剂反应前与反应后表面织构都存在较大变化, 且催化剂中均存在CoTiO₃物种, 这是活性金属Co与载体TiO₂之间发生强相互作用, CO²⁺替代TiO₂晶格中的Ti⁴⁺的结果;CoO和金属Pd可能是该反应的活性中心;反应前与反应后溶胶-凝胶法制备的催化剂的表面Co含量均低于浸渍法制备的催化剂, 而表面Pd含量则均高于浸渍法制备的催化剂, 且溶胶-凝胶法制备的催化剂各种产物的生成速率均高于浸渍法制备的催化剂, 因此, 与浸渍法制备的催化剂相比, 溶胶-凝胶法制备的催化剂具有更好的催化活性。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备负载型钨磷酸催化剂

为改善浸渍法制备的负载型钨磷酸催化剂HPWA/SiO2,在有水参与的反应中活性中心Keggin结构钨磷酸(HPWA)的流失,换用溶胶-凝胶法制备了一系列w(HPWA)=11.1%~40%的负载型钨磷酸催化剂HPWA-SiO2。通过红外光谱和紫外漫反射光谱联合表征,证明溶胶-凝胶法制备的HPWA-SiO2催化剂中,钨磷酸依然保持Keggin结构,没有转变为钨硅盐等而失去酸催化功能。在此基础上对溶胶-凝胶法制备的HPWA-SiO2和浸渍法制备的HPWA/SiO2进行了水相中钨磷酸流失率考察,结果表明,溶胶-凝胶法制备的HPWA-SiO2催化剂的流失率基本保持在0.71%~0.84%,而浸渍法制备的HPWA/SiO2催化剂的流失率为2.4%,是前者的3倍多,从而证明溶胶-凝胶法制备的负载型钨磷酸催化剂,能够更好地防止钨磷酸活性中心在水相反应中的流失。     

乙苯,苯乙烯的生产及合成乙苯,苯乙烯催化剂的研究进展

苯乙烯是重要的石油化工原料。本文介绍了国内外苯乙烯生产的发展概况，合成乙苯，苯乙烯所用的催化剂种类，并就苯乙烯生产及催化剂的发展趋势提出了自己的观点。     

Synthesis and characterization of homopolymers and copolymers of various acrylates and acrylonitrile

Various homopolymers and copolymers of methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate, and acrylonitrile in different feed ratios were synthesized. These were characterized by IR, ¹³C-NMR, DSC, DTA, and TGA. Spectroscopic characterization helped in differentiating copolymers of different mol ratios. Thermal analysis revealed different degradation patterns for homopolymers and copolymers. The temperature and energy changes associated with various phase transitions were dependent on the chemical composition of homo- and copolymers, as expected. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

生物质气化及生物质与煤共气化技术的研发与应用

总结了生物质原料的特点及生物质单独气化的缺点;介绍了国内外生物质气化技术及生物质与煤共气化技术的研发与应用现状;分析了在此领域国内外的发展趋势与前景;概括了开展生物质与煤共气化技术研发的意义。     

Electronic structures and reactivities of monometallic and bimetallic clusters of Au and Cu

The variation of the Au 4f binding energy of Au clusters with the cluster size has been established by measuring the binding energies of clusters whose size distributions were independently determined by HREM and STM. The binding energy increases significantly when the cluster size is less than 2 nm. Au-Cu bimetallic clusters of the composition Cu₃Au have been deposited for the first time on carbon substrates. The shifts in the core level binding energies of the bimetallic clusters show the effect of alloying in the case of large clusters, but show effects of both alloying and cluster size in the case of the small clusters. The interaction of CO with Cu₃Au clusters is stronger than with a bulk Cu metal. The interaction of CO with small Cu clusters also seems to be stronger than with bulk Cu or with large Cu clusters.     

钾盐资源及钾肥供需情况分析及预测

阐述了国内外钾盐资源及钾肥生产现状,对国内外钾盐的供需形势进行了分析及预测,从资源、原材料、国际市场三方面提出了解决我国钾盐短缺的措施。     

Kinetics and Mechanism of Oxidation of Mono- and Polyacetals

Abstract

Kinetics and mechanisms of oxidation of 6 acetals by molecular oxygen and ozone in liquid phase have been studied. Reaction with molecular oxygen (70°C, 15–16 hr) leads to the formation monoethers of the corresponding glycols with 68–90% selectivity. Salts of metals and complexes with crown-ethers have increased the reaction rate significally. Ozone have reacted with acetals with formation similar products. The mechanisms of intermediate stages have been proposed.     

Comparison of the Adhesion and Cohesion of Triblock and Random Copolymers of Styrene and Butadiene

A substantially greater detachment energy is required to strip a polyethylene tereph-thalate (Mylar) film from a styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) triblock copolymer compared to that for peeling from a random styrene-butadiene (SBR) copolymer. This is true even though the intrinsic interaction between the Mylar and each elastomer is expected to be similar because of their virtually identical chemical composition. It is proposed that this difference in peel strength (between the SBS and SBR) is a consequence of the much higher dissipative capacity of the former elastomer. Another manifestation of this is the higher cohesive tear strength of the SBS compared to the SBR. Extents of energy dissipation within each elastomer during detachment of the Mylar adherend are consistent with the hypothesis that the average maximum stress experience before detachment is some similar fraction of each elastomer's tensile strength.     

责任和责任心的涵义与结构

责任是人应主动承担的角色义务和对其因过失所造成后果应承担的责罚.有两层涵义:一是义务;二是后果.责任心是个体自觉做好分内事务和履行道德义务的心理倾向,是个性心理品质成分中自我特征维度上的重要内容.责任心具有两个方面的涵义:一是角色分内职责;二是角色道德义务.责任心是一种通过责任认知、责任个性和责任适应的动态形式表现出来的静态品质,责任心是责任心过程结构与责任心关系结构相互制约、相互影响的统一体.     

二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵和丙烯酰胺的合成及应用

用复合引发体系(过硫酸盐-偶氮类引发剂)和脂肪胺类氧化还原体系引发,在实验室获得了单体转化率≥98%,特性粘数高于13.6 dL/g的阳离子共聚物PDA,探讨了控制聚合物分子量的影响因素.     

Wetting properties of homopolymers and copolymers of pentafluorostyrene and methylacrylate and homopolymer blends

Polypentafluorostyrene (PPFS), polymethylacrylate (PMA), and poly(pentafluorostyrene-co-methylacrylate), poly(PFS-co-MA) were prepared and the wetting characteristics of polymer blends of PPFS and PMA were compared with that of poly(PFS-co-MA) via contact angle measurements. The critical surface tension of polypentafluorostyrene was found to be 22.6 dyne/cm, which is comparable to the value reported for polytrifluoroethylene (22 dyne/cm). The critical surface tension of poly(PFS-co-MA) is not linearly related to its composition. The polymer blends of PPFS and PMA exhibit significant surface enrichment of the fluoropolymer. The harmonic-mean method¹ was employed to determine surface tensions of these polymers and many known polymers. It is found that the method produces useful surface tension data provided the contact angle values are derived from testing liquids of dissimilar polarity.