Exemptions from child abuse reporting.

Comments on the article by R. E. Emery and L. Laumann-Billings (see record 1997-38813-004) regarding the nature, causes, and consequences of abusive family relationships. The author discusses the original author"s statement that they would exempt mental health professionals from reporting less serious causes of abuse when a family is actively engaged in treatment. Fischer notes that any departure from mandatory reporting needs to be well thought out, with much consideration given to detail. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Perceived benefit from child sexual abuse

People often report perceptions of benefit from adverse life experiences. In this study, adult perceptions of benefit from child sexual abuse were examined in a sample of 154 low-income women who were sexually abused as children. Almost half reported some perceived benefit. The benefits fell into 4 main categories: protecting children from abuse, self-protection, increased knowledge of child sexual abuse, and having a stronger personality. Degree of perceived benefit was associated with several indicators of adult adjustment. In addition, those who perceived themselves as stronger had higher self-esteem, and those who perceived increased sexual abuse knowledge viewed others more favorably and were more comfortable getting close to others, when compared with other respondents.     

重型颅脑损伤患者的急救护理体会

目的:探讨重型颅脑损伤患者的急救护理措施.方法:回顾性分析118例重型颅脑损伤患者的急救护理临床资料.结果:79例重型颅脑损伤患者急救成功,抢救成功率为66.9%.结论:对重型颅脑损伤患者采取及时有效的急救护理措施,可以提高抢救率,降低患者的伤残及致死率,减少并发症的发生.     

Carisoprodol abuse: a report from India

Carisoprodol, a centrally acting muscle relaxant, has recently been noticed to be abused. A series of 16 cases with carisoprodol abuse or dependence is described. Carisoprodol was started by the majority of patients as a substitute for opiates, although its independent distinct effects, similar to the features of hypomania, were recognized and described by most users. The drug is currently available freely over the counter and is a much cheaper substitute for the legally prohibited "harder" drugs. Unless awareness spreads and cautionary measures are taken, carisoprodol abuse might become a great menace in the near future.     

The neuropsychiatry of chronic cocaine abuse

Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) is an animal model of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) that can be regressed with Taxol (paclitaxel), a chemotherapeutic agent. To identify structural changes that occur with involution, the synovium from naive, untreated CIA, and Taxol-treated CIA rats were evaluated by light microscopy plus transmission and scanning electron microscopy. Analysis included detailed images of vascular networks using polymeric corrosion casts. The CIA synovium was morphologically similar to human RA synovium. In CIA, the integrity of the intimal lining is lost by Type-B synoviocytes becoming highly elongated and polarized toward the joint space, resulting in non-overlapping cellular processes and the elimination of the basal lamina. In addition, the lining expanded from a width of 6-10 microns in naives to 200-250 microns in CIA due primarily to increased numbers of both Type-A and -B synoviocytes and more interstitial matrix. Vascular corrosion casts of CIA synovium illustrated a marked increase in blood vessel volume and an extensive interconnecting vascular architecture; neovascular arrays were observed to project toward the synovial surface. In Taxol-treated CIA, the synoviocyte and neovascular components reverted to the naive synovium morphology, suggesting that this agent might be useful in the therapy of RA.     

Is alcoholism different from other substance abuse?

Replies to an article by G. E. Vaillant and E. S. Milofsky (see record 1982-30620-001), which argued that the psychological characteristics of alcoholics are the result and not the cause of alcoholism and that genetics has a large role in the etiology of the disorder. It is contended that an overall measure of the degree of harmful reliance an individual has on one substance is required to make an accurate statement about the relationship between personality and environmental factors and substance abuse, an approach not taken by Vaillant and Milofsky. (12 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

The toxic component in the development of lung damages in uremia

Renal ischemia causes accumulation of middle-sized molecular components of peptide and non-peptide character in the blood. These substances, obtained from the blood by method of ultrafiltration are able to cause the marked lung injuries with formation of leukocyte and erythrocyte aggregations, endothelial lung cell injured and with the phenomenon of hyperhydration. The indicated changes are proportional by their expressiveness to the dose of administrated middle-sized molecules. The conclusion can be made that toxic component, associated with accumulation of biologically active middle-sized molecules in the blood plays a significant role in the development of nephrogenic pulmonary edema.     

针刀结合局部阻滞治疗陈旧性半月板损伤的探索

陈旧性慢性半月板损伤在临床上为多发病,常见病,一直得不到有效的治疗,长期以往,患者的伤侧膝关节的力学平衡失调,膝关节退变速度加快,严重的出现膝关节破坏,关节僵直.我院门诊在2009年2月至2010年2月这期间采用小针刀疗法结合局部阻滞治疗陈旧性半月板损伤55例,取得了较为理想的效果,现报告如下.     

The trash collection service: occupational risks versus damages to health

The authors studied the kind of work a sample of 36 garbage collectors have been doing in a city of the State of S?o Paulo. A high frequency of occupational accidents and sick-due to health problem and some occupational risks was observed among them, and also that these worker haven't worn the individual protection equipment received, that probably contributes to such number of stop working.     

The forensic medical assessment of the bone damages to skeletons from a group burial in the environs of Yekaterinburg

Results of comprehensive expert evaluation of bone remains found at the place of burial made 80 years ago are presented. Injuries inflicted by gunshots, mechanical, chemical, and other factors are classified. Diagnostic criteria for reconstruction of circumstances of death and burial of the Romanov family and subjects in their attendance are defined.     

Quality-of-life outcomes after cosmetic surgery

Cosmetic surgery is an increasingly common medical procedure whose benefits to patients have not been quantified objectively. The purpose of this study was to prospectively examine long-term quality-of-life outcomes for patients undergoing elective cosmetic surgery. In this prospective, correlational study of 105 consecutive patients undergoing elective cosmetic surgery, the parameters of quality-of-life index, depression, social support, and coping were determined preoperatively and at 1- and 6-month intervals postoperatively. The data from the four study instruments were analyzed using Pearson correlation and repeated measures of multivariate analysis of variance for differences in each variable over time. The multivariate analysis of variance quality-of-life index scores for patients improved from baseline preoperative mean levels of 3.24 to a mean of 2.56 at 1 month, and then to 2.11 (f = 518.5, p = < 0.0001) at 6 months postsurgery. Mean scores for depression [determined by using the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CESD)], improved from 11.2 preoperatively to 6.5 at 1 month, and to 6.3 (f= 79.3, p = < .0001) at 6 months after surgery. Surgical intervention produced no significant differences between preoperative and postoperative ways of coping and social support scores. Cosmetic surgery produces positive psychological benefits by significantly improving quality-of-life outcomes that persist long term, without adversely affecting social support and ways of coping.     

Intraoral repair of cosmetic restorations

The longevity of porcelain and composite resin restorations can often be prolonged by using sound principles, up-to-date materials, and judicious attention to repair when fracture problems arise. Careful case selection and correct usage of surface treatment agents, followed by the use of a quality bonding system and restorative materials, can result in a repair that exhibits excellent retention and natural color blending. This article outlines procedures and materials to repair both resin composite and porcelain intraorally.     

Acute vision loss resulting from complications of ethanol abuse

A dynamic digital brain phantom was created from the MRI to evaluate visually the relationship between the noise and the error in the parameter estimates in the PET kinetic analysis. This phantom incorporates the noise level depending on administration dose, camera efficiency and the data acquisition schedule. We simulated a serial dynamic scan with 18F-FDG or 11C-flumazenil, assuming 2-tissue 3-parameter model and 1-tissue 2-parameter model, respectively, and the sampling schedule was determined according to the clinical examination. The noise in the tissue time activity curve in FDG had a peak in the first minute and decreased thereafter, whereas the noise increased gradually in the flumazenil study after the initial peak due to radioactivity decay. We examined the relationship between the noise level and the error in the parameter estimates. Both mean absolute differences between true and estimated values and standard deviation became large, and the quality of the parametric images became poor with increasing noise level. This simulation was compared with human tissue time activity curves and parametric images, which were obtained with 100 MBq administration dose in FDG study and 430 MBq in flumazenil study. We inferred that the noise level in the human study was 10-20% in FDG, and 20-40% in flumazenil, and the error in the estimated parameter of K-complex in FDG study was about 20%, that of DV in flumazenil study was 2%.