改性磷石膏对石膏矿渣水泥水化过程的影响研究

采用质量分数为5％～25％的改性磷石膏、15％的硅酸盐水泥熟料、60％～80％的矿渣混合磨细制成石膏矿渣水泥,研究了改性磷石膏掺量对石膏矿渣水泥浆体的抗压强度、水化热、孔溶液pH值及水化产物的影响情况.结果表明,掺入改性磷石膏使得石膏矿渣水泥的3 d、7 d抗压强度降低,其掺量为10％、15％时,水泥的28 d、90 d抗压强度超过普通硅酸盐水泥.在3 d至90 d龄期内,水泥孔溶液pH值随龄期增长而逐渐增大.在相同龄期时,随着改性磷石膏掺量的增大,水泥孔溶液pH值减小,水化放热峰出现时间延缓.微观分析表明,掺入改性磷石膏后,28 d龄期时的水泥水化产物主要为钙矾石和C-S-H凝胶,水化产物的生成量在改性磷石膏掺量为15％时最多.     

改性磷石膏球作缓凝剂对水泥性能的影响

研究了工业化生产的改性磷石膏球对水泥标准稠度用水量、凝结时间、胶砂流动度、胶砂强度及水泥与减水剂相容性的影响,并与原状磷石膏和天然石膏进行对比,结合X-射线衍射、综合热分析等微观测试,分析了改性磷石膏球对水泥水化产物相、水化程度的影响.结果表明:采用改性磷石膏球配制的水泥,其初凝、终凝时间与掺配原状磷石膏水泥相比分别缩短217 min、227 min,1d、3d强度显著高于原状磷石膏配制的水泥,28d强度高于天然石膏配制的水泥,且标准稠度用水量、胶砂流动度、与减水剂的相容性等指标优于天然石膏配制的水泥.改性磷石膏球对水泥早期水化无不良延缓作用,且能提高水泥后期水化程度.综合对比上述三种石膏对水泥性能影响的各项指标,认为改性磷石膏球可以完全替代天然石膏作水泥缓凝剂.     

改性磷石膏对水泥性能影响的试验研究

用矿渣、石灰及明矾对磷石膏进行了改性,研究了改性磷石膏作缓凝剂对水泥性能的影响,并与天然石膏作缓凝剂进行对比。结果表明,改性后的磷石膏对水泥不仅起到缓凝作用,还能起到增强作用。通过XRD、SEM等分析对磷石膏的改性机理以及对水泥的增强机理进行了探讨。     

石灰-水泥-粉煤灰改性磷石膏对水泥物理性能的影响研究

采用石灰、水泥、粉煤灰对磷石膏进行改性处理,测定了改性磷石膏中硫酸根的溶解性能,对比了原状磷石膏与改性磷石膏对水泥物理性能的影响,并结合X射线衍射（XRD）和扫描电镜（SEM）分析了改性前后磷石膏对水泥不同龄期水化产物的影响。结果表明：随着石灰掺量的增加改性磷石膏的pH逐渐增大,当石灰掺量为4%（质量分数）时磷石膏的pH达到12.22,此时磷石膏中的可溶性磷、氟转化成难溶性的磷酸盐、氟化钙;随着水泥和粉煤灰掺量的增加,改性磷石膏的溶解性能呈现降低趋势。当石灰掺量为4%、水泥掺量为10%（质量分数）、粉煤灰掺量为10%（质量分数）时,改性磷石膏经过7 d养护在水中浸泡8 h所得滤液中硫酸根的质量浓度为0.30 g/L,比未改性磷石膏在水中浸泡8 h所得滤液中硫酸根的质量浓度降低了81.8%。与掺加未改性磷石膏的水泥浆体相比,掺加改性磷石膏的水泥浆体的水灰质量比由0.41降低到0.38、初凝时间和终凝时间分别缩短34.6%和27.2%、28 d抗压强度提高21.1%。石灰、水泥、粉煤灰改性处理磷石膏后,生成的水化硅酸钙和钙矾石等水硬性产物包裹在石膏颗粒表面,使硫酸根在水中的溶出速率降低,减少了对水泥中铝酸三钙的影响,使得硬化体内部结构变得致密、力学性能显著提高。     

煅烧磷石膏对蒸压硅酸盐制品水化过程的影响

磷石膏经高温煅烧改性后与粉煤灰、砂粉、石灰及水泥熟料等制备蒸压硅酸盐制品,研究了不同温度煅烧的磷石膏对蒸压硅酸盐制品水化过程的影响,用蒸压制品中未反应的Ca(OH)₂量及结合水量分析它们的反应速率,用XRD测定蒸压硅酸盐制品的水化产物,并结合SEM分析,结果表明,经煅烧的磷石膏对蒸压硅酸盐制品的水化有明显的促进作用,托勃莫来石与C-S-H(1)等水化产物的迅速生长而形成密实的水化产物结构是其增强蒸压硅酸盐制品的根本原因。     

石膏矿渣水泥早期水化机理的研究

通过正交试验确定了石膏矿渣水泥的最佳配比,测定了石膏矿渣水泥的3d水化热及水化液相中离子的浓度,并对各龄期水化样进行XRD分析和SEM分析。结果表明：1）石膏矿渣水泥的最佳配比为：石膏14%,熟料3%,矿渣粉83%;2）由于石膏和熟料的共同激发,石膏矿渣水泥的早期水化速度和强度较对比样显著提高;3）石膏矿渣水泥的水化可分为四个时期,其早期水化产物主要为钙矾石和水化硅酸钙,浆体中还存在未反应完的无水石膏。     

改性磷石膏用作水泥缓凝剂

选用磷渣配料生产的熟料，进行了改性磷石膏作水泥缓凝剂的试验，采用自制改性剂，并经过热处理，对磷石膏进行改性，对比了改性磷石膏和天然石膏作缓凝剂的使用效果，结果表明，与天然石膏要比自制改性剂并经煅烧工艺制得的改性磷石膏作缓凝剂，水泥凝结时间一致或稍有缩短，早期强度略低，强度增进率较高，水泥安定性合格，并提出了水泥中SO3含量的控制范围。     

磷石膏基复合胶凝材料的性能优化及机理研究

采用水泥、矿渣粉、粉煤灰和减水剂对磷石膏进行改性。最终得到的磷石膏基复合胶凝材料的强度为原状磷石膏的2倍,软化系数从0.5提高至0.8。磷石膏基复合胶凝材料的比强度和孔隙率之间存在明显的线性关系,随着孔隙率的减小比强度增加。通过扫描电镜（SEM）对磷石膏基复合胶凝材料微观形貌的演变过程进行表征,发现随着矿渣粉、水泥、粉煤灰和减水剂的掺加,基体由疏松转变为致密;主要的水化产物二水石膏从针状转变为棒状或片状,并且出现了水化硅酸钙（C-S-H）凝胶,其填充于体系内部的孔隙并将二水石膏连成整体。利用X射线衍射（XRD）分析和傅里叶变换红外吸收光谱（FT-IR）测试对水化产物的微观结构进行研究。结果表明,复合体系中的主要产物为二水石膏,但是由于可用水量的减少,体系中仍剩余少量磷石膏未水化。     

磷石膏做水泥缓凝剂的改性工艺探究及其性能影响

本文采用了2种不同的处理方法,包括喷淋-抽滤法和湿拌-抽滤法,且通过实验数据分析得出最佳工艺控制参数,并对其配制的水泥进行了物理性能的检测。结果表明,喷淋-抽滤改性工艺的改性磷石膏强度石灰浆浓度3%、用量200 g、磷石膏铺层4 cm时,磷石膏滤饼各层面p H较均衡,洗涤效果较好;湿拌-抽滤工艺得到的改性磷石膏掺量为3.0%(SO3 1.2)、3.5%(SO3 1.4)时凝结时间较短。     

Influence of citric acid on the hydration of Portland cement

Citric acid can be used to retard the hydration of cement. Experiments were carried out to investigate the influence of citric acid on the composition of solid and liquid phases during cement hydration. Analyses of the solid phases showed that dissolution of alite and aluminate slowed down while analyses of the pore solution showed that citric acid was removed almost completely from the pore solution within the first hours of hydration. The complexation of the ions by citrate was weak, which could also be confirmed by thermodynamic calculations. Only 2% of the dissolved Ca and 0.001% of the dissolved K formed complexes with citrate during the first hours. Thus, citric acid retards cement hydration not by complex formation, but by slowing down the dissolution of the clinker grains. Thermodynamic calculations did not indicate precipitation of a crystalline citrate species. Thus, it is suggested that citrate sorbed onto the clinker surface and formed a protective layer around the clinker grains retarding their dissolution.     

Studies on effects of activators on properties and mechanism of hydration of sulphoaluminate cement

The effects of activators on the properties of sulphoaluminate cement were investigated by experiments. The results of experiments show that reduction compressive strength of sulphoaluminate cement in later ages was controlled by using burnt plaster and alunite, and setting time is also prolonged by organic admixtures. The properties of sulphoaluminate cement, such as increase of expansion ratios, resistance to drying contraction and the chemical corrosion, are all increased. The hydrates and mechanism of hydration of sulphoaluminate cement are analyzed and studied by means of XRD, SEM and DTA.     

MXene和纳米SiO2对粉煤灰水泥水化性能的影响

本文利用差热分析、X射线衍射、扫描电镜等手段研究了纳米Si O_2和MXene对粉煤灰水泥水化性能的影响。结果表明,单掺纳米Si O_2能够促进粉煤灰水泥早期水化,提高水化开始时的放热速率,并使粉煤灰水泥浆体更加密实;而单掺MXene、复掺纳米Si O_2和MXene对粉煤灰水泥后期水化的促进作用比较明显,能够促进水泥中期强度增长。     

碳纳米管对硅酸盐水泥力学性能的影响研究

研究了用超声分散的碳纳米管对硅酸盐水泥物理力学性能的影响,并利用XRD和SEM等测试手段对碳纳米管改性水泥的水化产物及硬化浆体的形貌进行了分析.结果表明:碳纳米管的掺入改变了水泥净浆的标准稠度用水量和凝结时间,提高了其抗压和劈裂抗拉强度,但并未造成安定性不良.随碳纳米管掺量的增加,水泥净浆的标准稠度用水量逐渐增加,凝结时间不断缩短,标养28天的抗压和疲劳抗拉强度较未掺碳纳米管的硬化浆体分别提高了15.34％和18.44％.XRD分析表明碳纳米管的掺入不仅提高了水泥净浆的水化程度,增加了C-S-H的生成量,而且降低CH的结晶度.SEM证明碳纳米管的掺入较未掺的水泥净浆硬化浆体结构趋于优化,更致密.     

结合剂对镁质浇注料性能的影响

主要研究了SiO2 微粉、MgCl2 ·6H2 O和ρ Al2 O3 3种结合剂对镁质浇注料的耐压强度、显气孔率和抗水化性能的影响。结果表明 :采用SiO2 微粉和MgCl2 ·6H2 O为结合剂时 ,镁质浇注料 110℃2 4h处理后的耐压强度和抗水化性能优于采用ρ Al2 O3 的 ;采用MgCl2 ·6H2 O和 ρ Al2 O3 为结合剂时 ,浇注料 110 0℃ 3h热处理后的耐压强度明显下降 ;经 16 0 0℃ 3h热处理后 ,浇注料的耐压强度随着SiO2 微粉含量的增加先增大后减小 ,而MgCl2 ·6H2 O的影响较小 ,随着 ρ Al2 O3 加入量的增大浇注料的耐压强度明显降低。     

应用化纤污泥制备硅酸盐水泥力学性能研究

利用化纤污泥配制生料,煅烧得到熟料后制备硅酸盐水泥。实验结果表明,化纤污泥的掺量不大于3.0%时,水泥水化产物AFt的生成较为明显。加入1.5%、3.0%和5.0%的化纤污泥的硅酸盐水泥其初凝和终凝时间分别延长8.68%、33.76%和41.80%及1.32%、29.19%和80.79%。加入1.5%和3.0%化纤污泥可以分别提高硅酸盐水泥3 d强度23.23%和18.21%,但化纤污泥的掺入对硅酸盐水泥28 d强度影响较大。     

混凝土高效减水剂的性能与作用机理

提出了一系列表征混凝土高效减水剂的方法 ,通过对表面张力、活性物含量、吸附量和 ζ电位的测定 ,从微观上研究了高效减水剂的作用机理 ,分析了造成坍落度损失的原因     

Quantitative study of Portland cement hydration by X-ray diffraction/Rietveld analysis and independent methods

X-ray diffraction (XRD) is a powerful technique for the study of crystalline materials. The technique of Rietveld refinement now enables the amounts of different phases in anhydrous cementitious materials to be determined to a good degree of precision. This paper describes the extension of this technique to a pilot study of the hydration of a typical Portland cement. To validate this XRD-Rietveld analysis technique, its results were compared with independent measures of the same materials by the analysis of backscattered electron images (BSE/IA) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). In addition, the internal consistency of the measurements was studied by comparing the XRD estimates of the amounts of hydrates formed with the amounts expected to form from the XRD estimates of the amounts of anhydrous materials reacted.     

Study on modification of the high-strength slag cement material

The influence of the slag powder's fineness, the amounts of activator, type and contents of modification addition on the dry-shrinkage and strength of the high-strength slag cement material was investigated. The experimental data showed that adding 9% Na₂SiO₃ activator and 10% Portland cement (PC) made the ratios of drying-shrinkage of high-strength slag cement material similar to the ratios of Portland cement and the compressive strengths as higher. The main hydration products are calcium alumina-silicate gels and a little CH; the gel ratio of CaO/SiO₂ is close to 1 and includes a little Na₂O and MgO for high-strength slag cement material, as shown by means of scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray analyzer (EDXA).     

Influence of limestone on the hydration of Portland cements

The influence of the presence of limestone on the hydration of Portland cement was investigated. Blending of Portland cement with limestone was found to influence the hydrate assemblage of the hydrated cement. Thermodynamic calculations as well as experimental observations indicated that in the presence of limestone, monocarbonate instead of monosulfate was stable. Thermodynamic modelling showed that the stabilisation of monocarbonate in the presence of limestone indirectly stabilised ettringite leading to a corresponding increase of the total volume of the hydrate phase and a decrease of porosity. The measured difference in porosity between the “limestone-free” cement, which contained less than 0.3% CO₂, and a cement containing 4% limestone, however, was much smaller than calculated.

Coupling of thermodynamic modelling with a set of kinetic equations which described the dissolution of the clinker, predicted quantitatively the amount of hydrates. The quantities of ettringite, portlandite and amorphous phase as determined by TGA and XRD agreed well with the calculated amounts of these phases after different periods of time. The findings in this paper show that changes in the bulk composition of hydrating cements can be followed by coupled thermodynamic models. Comparison between experimental and modelled data helps to understand in more detail the dominating processes during cement hydration.