基于连续损伤力学的高低周复合疲劳损伤

基于连续损伤力学(CDM)的经典损伤理论和不可逆热力学原理，分别对高周和低周疲劳载荷下的损伤演化模型进行了研究，进而推导出一个新的高低周复合疲劳损伤模型；将该模型编写为UMAT耦合到ABAQUS有限元分析软件中，实现了对缺口材料高低周复合疲劳损伤的模拟及裂纹萌生位置和萌生寿命的预测；同时研究了不同的高低周循环比对裂纹萌生寿命的影响.结果表明,裂纹容易在缺口根部应力集中处萌生；该模型考虑了高低周循环的交互作用，模拟计算结果更符合实际情况；同时通过研究发现高的循环比会使裂纹的萌生加速.     

不同应变幅下高锰钢的低周疲劳性能研究

对铸态高锰钢(120Mn13)进行了常温拉伸及低周疲劳试验,研究了试样在拉伸变形中的动态应变时效,在拉压疲劳变形过程中的循环应力应变行为、循环硬化软化行为及裂纹扩展行为等。结果表明：在拉伸曲线中发现了代表动态应变时效作用的峰状低频A型锯齿和波纹状高频B型锯齿。在不同应变幅下的低周疲劳实验中,试样均先循环硬化,后循环软化直至断裂。随着应变幅的增加,其最大循环拉应力逐渐增加,疲劳寿命却降低。高应变幅下的裂纹多沿晶界扩展,但裂纹偏转次数及二次裂纹数量增多,这是其寿命较低应变幅下相差较小的主要原因。     

锆－4合金的时间相关低周疲劳

研究了锆－４合金在不同应变速率下的低周疲劳和带应变保持时间相关低周疲劳行为。结果表明：在不同加载方式下，锆－４合金均表现为循环硬化，应变保持和应变速率降低均进一步提高循环饱和应力。应变保持降低材料的疲劳寿命，特别是在高应变幅区域。随着应变速率降低，材料疲劳寿命降低。疲劳变形亚结构观察表明：锆－４合金时间相关疲劳过程中以柱面滑移和晶界滑移方式变形。     

铸造铝合金在多轴非比例载荷下的低周疲劳行为研究

主要研究了356铸造铝合金在多轴非比例载荷下的低周疲劳性能。结果表明，合金在循环变形过程中表现为循环硬化特征，循环硬化的程度表现出对非比例加载路径的依赖性；在相同等效应变幅值下，合金的非比例加载低周疲劳寿命小于比例加载，且非比例加载低周疲劳寿命也表现出对非比例加载路径的依赖性；在多轴疲劳寿命预测模型中考虑非比例加载路径对疲劳寿命的影响可以大大提高寿命模型预测的精确度。     

2195铝锂合金的温热低周疲劳行为和疲劳寿命预测（英文）

为研究2195铝锂合金在温热条件下(100和200℃)的低周疲劳行为，首先进行应变控制的低周疲劳试验。结果表明，合金的起始和中值寿命滞回环均呈现中心对称特征。在100℃、应变幅值为0.6%条件下的循环应力响应曲线表现出完全循环硬化特征，而其他条件下的循环应力响应曲线均呈先循环硬化、然后循环软化的循环特征。随后，采用多种低周疲劳寿命预测模型对2195铝锂合金疲劳寿命进行评价。结果表明，基于总应变能密度的寿命预测模型具有最佳的预测精度。最后，为揭示2195铝锂合金的疲劳断裂机理，对不同试验条件下合金的疲劳断口进行观察。结果表明，在100℃、应变幅值为0.6%的条件下，合金断面上的疲劳条纹十分明显，但随着试验温度和应变幅值的升高，合金断面上的疲劳条纹逐渐弱化。在温度为200℃、应变幅值为1.0%条件下的疲劳断口呈明显沿晶断裂特征。     

锆-4合金低周疲劳断口的小波分形特征研究

断口表面的分形维数是断裂表面粗糙度的一种度量，它和材料的韧性相关。应用小波分解技术，用“双毯法”提取了锆-4合金低周疲劳断口在低频、水平高频、垂直高频、对角高频方向上的分形维数。结果表明锆-4合金低周疲劳断口具有分形特征；分形维数与疲劳寿命有关，疲劳寿命越高，分形维数越大；随着分解级数的增加，不同寿命的断口分维值之间差距加大，小波分解的级数越多，越能获得有效的特征量；同一断口，放大倍数不同，分形维数差异较大。低倍下（≤4000XD），随分解级数增加，对角方向上高频信号变化更复杂，分维值上升较快；高倍下（≥8000XD），断口的复杂性降低。     

双周疲劳载荷作用下焊接接头线性累计损伤分析

采用自制的超声频分量双周疲劳(CCF)试验装置,对16Mn的焊接接头试件进行低频疲劳载荷与超声频分量(高频)载荷复合加载,采用线性累计损伤理论来估算双周疲劳载荷作用下16Mn对接接头的疲劳寿命,并计算两个疲劳载荷分量各自造成的累计损伤比例.结果表明,使用Miner法则计算双周疲劳试件的疲劳累积损伤时,如果高低周疲劳载荷只是简单按照比例计算,会严重低估两个分量疲劳载荷之间的耦合作用;而低周疲劳载荷按外包络线计算的方法则能够很好的考虑到高低周疲劳载荷间的耦合作用.     

锆—4合金的时间相关低周疲劳

研究了锆－４合金在不同应变速率下的低周疲劳和带应变保持时间相关低周疲劳行为。结果表明：在不同加载方式下，锆－４合金均表现为循环硬化，应变保持和应变速率降低均进一步提高环孢和应力。应变保持降低材料的疲劳寿命，特别是在高应变幅区域。随着应变速率降低、材料疲劳寿命降低。疲劳变形亚结构观察表明：锆－４合金时间相关疲劳过程中以｛１０１↑－０｝柱面滑移和晶界滑移方式变形。     

两级低-高加载下拉剪点焊试样的疲劳损伤研究

对拉剪点焊试样进行了两组不同载荷水平的两级低-高循环加载试验,得到随第一级载荷下循环数变化,点焊试样的剩余寿命和总疲劳寿命变化规律。使用Miner线性累积损伤理论计算得到两种不同载荷水平下试样总的疲劳损伤。结果表明:对于低-高加载,随着低载水平下循环数的增多,高载荷水平下的剩余寿命以及损伤值呈逐渐减小趋势,总疲劳寿命逐渐增大。当低载水平载荷幅值较小时,点焊试样破坏时的累计损伤值普遍存在小于1的现象,且这种现象可能对疲劳寿命估算存在一定的影响。     

纯度对ECAP制备超细晶铜疲劳性能的影响

采用应力比R=–1的对称加载疲劳试验,研究了ECAP制备的超细晶高纯铜(HPCu)、低纯铜(LPCu)的疲劳行为,分析了循环应力-应变响应、疲劳寿命和疲劳前后晶粒取向分布,讨论了纯度与超细晶材料疲劳稳定性的关系。结果表明:在任何应力幅下,获得的超细晶低纯铜的寿命都大于ECAP变形前的粗晶铜;在相同应力幅下,循环周次提高1.6~2.0倍。而超细晶高纯铜的疲劳曲线,表现出不同的特性,在高应力幅下,超细晶高纯铜具有较高的疲劳寿命,但在低应力幅下,超细晶高纯铜循环周次下降,疲劳寿命低。在应力控制条件下,随应力幅的降低,超细晶纯铜的循环应力-应变响应从循环软化逐渐过渡为循环硬化。杂质的存在能有效阻止疲劳过程中晶粒的转动和位错的运动,降低其回复软化,减小相邻晶粒间取向差变化,使超细晶低纯铜与超细晶高纯铜相比有较大的循环硬化指数n和循环硬化系数K,具有较好的疲劳稳定性。     

应力幅对LY12CZ铝合金腐蚀疲劳应变电流响应的影响

研究了ＬＹ１２ＣＺ铝合金在应力控制下于３．５％ＮａＣｌ溶液中恒定电位下,应力幅对腐蚀疲劳（ＣＦ）应变电流行为的影响以及应变电流与腐蚀疲劳损伤相对应的关系,结果表明：应变电流能反映ＣＦ不同阶段的损伤行为,应变电流的波型随ＣＦ过程所发生的变化主要在应变电流的波幅、波峰数及其与应力波的相位差上,不同应力幅下的应变电流行为的差异主要表现在：高应力幅下,在一个循环周次内,瞬变电流在整个腐蚀疲劳过程中均出现两     

低温环境对9%Ni钢SMAW接头低周疲劳性能的影响

对9%Ni钢焊条电弧焊接头的低周疲劳性能进行了测试,绘制了室温环境的应变－寿命曲线,测试了低温(－180℃)环境下高应变幅值(0．6%)的低周疲劳寿命,观察了不同测试温度的试样断口,分析低温环境对裂纹萌生和裂纹扩展过程的影响。结果表明,在高应变幅值循环作用下,9%Ni钢接头在低温环境中出现循环硬化效应,而在室温中出现循环软化效应,表明低温环境有助于减缓9%Ni钢接头的裂纹萌生过程,裂纹的扩展速度在低温时有所增加。     

Damage mechanism of a nodular cast iron under the very high cycle fatigue regime

Fatigue behaviour in the very high cycle regime (VHCF) of 10¹⁰ cycles were investigated with a cast iron (GS51) under ultrasonic fatigue test system (20 kHz) in ambient air at room temperature with a stress ratio R = −1.

The influence of frequency was examined by comparing similar data generated on conventional servo hydraulic test systems. An advanced, high-speed, and high-sensitivity infrared imaging system was used to measure the temperature changes during ultrasonic fatigue test at various load levels caused by internal damping due to a very high frequency cycling. The temperature field on the surface specimen was determined by using a non-destructive measurement technique called infrared pyrometer. An infrared camera made up of a matrix of 320 × 240 detectors was used.

The S-N curves obtained show that fatigue failure occurred beyond 10⁹ cycles, fatigue limit does not exist for the cast iron and there is no evidence of frequency effect on the test results. A detailed study on fatigue specimens subjected to ultrasonic frequency shows that the temperature evolution of the cast iron specimen is very evident, the temperature increased just at the beginning of the test, the temperature increased depending on the maximum stress amplitude. Under the current test conditions, the high cycle fatigue (VHCF) behaviour of the cast iron exhibited a typical fatigue crack growth process, that is, fatigue initiation takes place always at the surface graphite or subsurface void; the distinctive stable fatigue crack growth zone can be found around the fatigue crack initiation site, the change of fatigue initiation site from surface to subsurface is associated with the complex effects of applied maximum stress level, surface condition.

Under lower stress amplitude and high cycle condition, surface graphite fatigue initiation is predominantly depended on cyclic stress amplitude; subsurface void fatigue initiation is determined by maximum cyclic stress.

In the process of small crack propagation, the temperature in local plastic zone increase very sharply. The temperature field of ultrasonic fatigue specimen can be changed with the cooling condition; internal heating can accelerate surface fatigue crack initiation and propagation.

Fatigue properties in VHCF regime were studied for cast iron (GS51) at 20 kHz frequency and for the first time, crack initiation and propagation stages were analyzed using a high-sensitivity infrared camera. The new Paris's model for fish eye formation in the gigacycle fatigue were also confirmed by this study.     

Grain size based low cycle fatigue life prediction model for nickel-based superalloy

Nickel-based superalloys are easy to produce low cycle fatigue (LCF) damage when they are subjected to high temperature and mechanical stresses. Fatigue life prediction of nickel-based superalloys is of great importance for their reliable practical application. To investigate the effects of total strain and grain size on LCF behavior, the high temperature LCF tests were carried out for a nickel-based superalloy. The results show that the fatigue lives decreased with the increase of strain amplitude and grain size. A new LCF life prediction model was established considering the effect of grain size on fatigue life. Error analyses indicate that the prediction accuracy of the new LCF life model is higher than those of Manson-Coffin relationship and Ostergren energy method.     

P92钢焊缝金属高温低周疲劳行为分析

P92钢常用于锅炉高温、高压主蒸气管道等部件,其焊接接头性能的优劣直接关系到机组的安全可靠运行. 文中通过P92钢焊缝金属在630 ℃下的低周疲劳试验,研究了低周疲劳行为及其循环应力应变关系,采用塑性应变能密度对其低周疲劳进行了寿命预测,并根据断口形貌,分析了P92钢焊缝金属的断裂机理. 结果表明,P92钢焊缝金属表现出循环软化特征;其低周疲劳寿命与应变幅值满足Coffin-Manson关系;采用塑性应变能密度的方法可以很好地预测P92钢焊缝金属低周疲劳寿命. 二次裂纹密度的增加是其在高应变幅下寿命下降的主要原因.     

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阐述了钢材高应变低周疲劳性能在抗震设计中的重要性,讨论了静载荷强度、塑性与低周疲劳性能间的关系,并使用MTS810系列试验机对低合金高强度H型钢的高应变低周疲劳性能进行了研究.试验表明,莱钢生产的Q345B H型钢在100周时的循环韧度值(σa·△εt)为29.8 J/cm3,具有较好的高应变低周疲劳性能.     

Fatigue and Fracture Characterization of HPDC AM6OB Magnesium Alloy at Cold Temperature

An investigation of the fatigue and fracture characterization of the high pressure die cast (HPDC) AM60B magnesium alloy at −40 °C temperature was conducted by means of the constant load amplitude fatigue test. The results demonstrated that low temperature had a significant influence on alloy’s fatigue life; the life increased at −40 °C temperature as compared to that at room temperature. The fracture surfaces of the tested specimens were observed under a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to further understand the fracture phenomenon at low temperature.     

Resistance Spot Welding Characteristics and High Cycle Fatigue Behavior of DP 780 Steel Sheet

Resistance spot welding characteristics of DP 780 steel was investigated using peel test, microhardness test, tensile shear test, and fatigue test. Tensile shear test provides better spot weld quality than conventional peel test and hardness is not a good indicator of the susceptibility to interfacial fracture. The results of high-cycle fatigue behavior of spot welded DP 780 steel under two different parameters show that at high load low cycle range a significant difference in the S-N curve and almost similar fatigue behavior of spot welds at low load high cycle range are obtained. However, when applied load was converted to stress intensity factor, the difference in the fatigue behavior between welds diminished. Furthermore, a transition in fracture mode, i.e., interfacial and plug and hole-type at about 50% of yield load is observed.     

双重时效对Ti1023合金低周疲劳行为的影响

研究了双重时效对Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al合金低周疲劳行为的影响。结果显示,高应变幅(△εt/2=1.5%,1.2%,1.0%)下,合金表现为循环软化;低应变幅(△εt/2=0.8%,0.6%)下,则表现为循环应力饱和。疲劳寿命测试结果表明,双重时效疲劳寿命和直接时效疲劳寿命相当,疲劳总应变幅和疲劳寿命满足Coffin-Manson方程。SEM断口形貌显示,双重时效后疲劳裂纹稳定扩展区有明显的疲劳条纹,疲劳裂纹以穿晶方式扩展,并伴随着撕裂棱和二次裂纹,但二次裂纹较直接时效大量减少。TEM形貌显示,不论是双重时效还是直接时效,疲劳后变形组织都很均匀。虽然双重时效和直接时效具有相当的疲劳寿命,但是这种工艺缩短了时效时间,节约了能源,能更好地满足实际工业生产需求。