PBT/(POE/LLDPE)-g-GMA共混物的力学性能与形态结构

采用双螺杆挤出机将甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)同时接枝到乙烯-辛烯共聚物(POE)和线性低密度聚乙烯LLDPE上,而后将接枝产物与聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)反应性共混,通过改变POE/LLDPE比例确立了PBT/(POE/LLDPE)-g-GMA共混物分散相的最佳组成。以此为基础考察了GMA加入量对共混物的力学性能、流变行为及相形态的影响,并对共混物的形变机理进行了研究。实验结果表明,POE/LLDPE比例为50/50时冲击强度最大,在此组成下共混物的冲击强度随着GMA加入量的增加而呈现先增大后减小的趋势,并在GMA加入量(GMA/(POE+LLDPE))为5%时达到最大值;体系黏度随GMA加入量的增加而增大,过量的GMA会导致严重的交联,不利于分散相的分散,从而降低了增韧效率;橡胶粒子的空洞化促使基体发生剪切屈服是其主要的形变机理,LLDPE的引入能促进PBT发生进一步形变,从而提高增韧效率。     

光缆护套料用高密度聚乙烯/线型低密度聚乙烯的界面作用与流变行为

采用熔融共混法制备了光缆护套料用高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)/线型低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)与HDPE/茂金属线型低密度聚乙烯(m-LLDPE)2种共混物,讨论了共混物HDPE/LLDPE和HDPE/m-LLDPE及中密度聚乙烯(MDPE)与铝塑带之间的热合强度,并研究了共混物的力学性能、松弛行为及组分间的相容性。研究结果表明,HDPE/LLDPE(7∶3)共混物与铝塑带热合强度最高(27.2 N/cm);熔融状态下,低频区HDPE/LLDPE的lgG′-lgω与线性偏离,且松弛指数(λ)随HDPE含量增加先减小后增大,表明分子链缠结先增强再减弱,为非均相体系;HDPE/LLDPE只表现出1个熔融峰,表明共混物组分具有良好相容性;因分子界面多重叠,HDPE/LLDPE(7∶3)具有更小分散相尺寸(2.74 nm)与更高界面层厚度(1.02 nm),组分相容性最好,且与热熔胶乙烯-醋酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)的界面张力最小。可见,采用来源广、价格相对低廉的HDPE与LLDPE共混可实现替代MDPE制备光缆护套料。     

聚乙烯共混体系中的共结晶行为及对性能的影响

选用HDPE和LLDPE为原料进行熔融共混,通过差示扫描量热(DSC)测试、连续自成核退火(SSA)热分级法探究线型与支化聚乙烯分子的共结晶行为,尤其是采用SSA热分级法剖析了形成共晶的分子链的结构特征,并在此基础上研究共结晶对共混物力学性能的影响。DSC结果表明,HDPE与LLDPE具有较好的相容性且HDPE在共混物结晶过程中具有成核作用。SSA测试显示,HDPE/LLDPE共混物的结晶行为依赖于LLDPE组分的支链分布,只有当LLDPE的亚甲基序列长度与HDPE的链段相互匹配时才会形成共晶。共混物的屈服强度与共混体系的结晶度以及晶片厚度有关。屈服强度与自然拉伸比均随LLDPE质量分数的增加而减小。     

离子液体改性聚乳酸共混物的降解性及毒性评价

用不同质量分数的1-乙酸乙酯基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐([AOEMIM][BF4])与聚乳酸(PLA)熔融共混,制得[AOEMIM][BF4]/PLA共混物。通过分析共混前后PLA数均相对分子质量(Mn)的变化及共混物在PBS缓冲液中的质量损失率、黏均相对分子质量和溶液pH值的变化,研究了[AOEMIM][BF4]对PLA熔融加工稳定性的影响及共混物的降解性能;考察了共混物降解液对小鼠的急性毒性。结果显示,PLA经过熔融加工后,其Mn降低了16.7%,[AOEMIM][BF4]的加入可使Mn的变化减小,对加工过程具有稳定作用;在降解初期,共混物的黏均相对分子质量迅速减小,降解液的pH值由7.4下降到3.0;共混物的降解随[AOEMIM][BF4]添加量的增加而加速;其降解液对小鼠无明显毒性。     

两种增塑剂对废旧PVC基竹塑复合材料性能的影响

分别采用DOP增塑剂和新型增塑剂聚己二酸丙二醇酯(Poly)对废旧聚氯乙烯(PVC进行改性,采用热压成型工艺制备竹粉/废旧PVC基复合材料(BPC),分别考察了两种增塑剂的添加量对复合材料力学性能、热学性能的影响,采用扫描电镜(SEM)分析了材料的断面形貌,分别测定了两种增塑剂的迁出率及抽出率。研究结果表明:DOP和Poly用量较低时,出现反增塑效应,复合材料的弯曲强度均逐渐增大,并分别在用量为2phr和3phr时达到最大,但同时其抗冲击强度减小;随着增塑剂用量的进一步增加,复合材料弯曲强度减小而抗冲击强度增大。两种增塑剂的加入,均使复合材料的玻璃化温度及粘性降低,耐低温性能及加工性能改善;而导热系数均为先增大后减小。在相同的用量下,DOP的增塑效率略高于Poly,但耐迁移抽出性低于Poly。     

对-叔丁基杯[6]芳烃对LLDPE热氧稳定性的影响(英文)

用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)和热失重分析仪(TGA)研究了线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)/对叔丁基杯[6]芳烃共混物的热性能。DSC结果显示,在空气氛围中,纯LLDPE和LLDPE/对叔丁基杯[6]芳烃共混物的热降解温度分别是205℃和250℃。TGA研究表明,对叔丁基杯[6]芳烃使LLDPE的热氧化降解温度提高30℃。上述结果说明,对叔丁基杯[6]芳烃能大大提高LLDPE的热性能,这主要是由于对叔丁基杯[6]芳烃能够提供-OH反应性基团,其氢原子具有相当的活性,能够与LLDPE热分解生成的活性游离基反应生成氢过氧化物,而自身生成了较为稳定的游离基,从而终止了游离基链的传递和增长。     

超临界CO_2下聚丙烯/乙烯-辛烯共聚物共混物微孔发泡材料的制备

用熔融共混的方法制备了不同含量乙烯-辛烯共聚物(POE)的聚丙烯(PP)/乙烯-辛烯共聚物(POE)的共混物,研究了共混物的相形态和流变性能。用超临界二氧化碳(sc-CO_2)作为物理发泡剂,制备了PP/POE的共混物微孔发泡材料。研究了POE含量、温度和压力对微孔发泡材料泡孔的影响。结果表明,发泡材料平均泡孔尺寸在2~7μm之间,泡孔密度大于109 cm~(-3)。随着POE含量的增加、温度的升高,泡孔直径增大,泡孔密度降低;随着压力的增大,泡孔尺寸先增大后减小,泡孔密度逐渐增大。     

基于海藻酸钙-聚乙烯醇共混物的离子响应型泪道栓子的制备及性能

利用"溶液共混-挤出交联-冷冻干燥"法制备了基于海藻酸钙-聚乙烯醇(PVA)共混物的离子响应型泪道栓子,研究了PVA用量对共混材料体积膨胀率、吸水率及降解性能的影响。结果显示,在模拟泪液中,各共混材料的膨胀速率均与时间成线性关系,膨胀速率随着PVA用量的增加而逐渐降低,膨胀曲线斜率从66.53降至10以下。另外,随着PVA用量的增加,共混材料的吸水率以及降解过程中的质量保留率均先减少后增大,分别当PVA用量为20%时达到最小。     

改性纳米HA对PLA-PBAT共混体系结晶与流变性能的影响

采用熔融共混挤出法制备改性纳米羟基磷灰石（HA）/聚乳酸（PLA）-聚己二酸丁二酯-对苯二甲酸丁二酯（PBAT）复合降解材料,利用差示扫描量热仪（DSC）、流变仪、电子拉伸机、扫描电镜（SEM）等,对其结晶、流变行为、力学性能、冲击性能、表面结构等进行了研究。DSC结果表明：随着改性纳米HA添加量的增多,HA/PLA-PBAT共混体系的玻璃化转变温度先升高后下降;冷结晶温度逐渐下降,降低了13℃,结晶能力有所提高;结晶度由24.33%增加到33.47%。流变行为显示共混体系黏度随剪切速率的增大而减小,属非牛顿流体。此外,随着改性纳米HA的增多,HA/PLA-PBAT共混体系储存模量和损耗模量逐渐减小;屈服强度、缺口冲击强度、拉伸强度先增大后减小,当共混体系中改性纳米HA添加量为2%（80/20/2）时,达到最大值。SEM观察发现,少量改性纳米HA可以均匀分散在PLA-PBAT基体中并能显著提高其韧性。     

纳米蒙脱土/PP/PVC共混物的性能研究

对纳米蒙脱土(nano-MMT)/聚丙烯/聚氯乙烯(PP/PVC)共混物的性能进行了研究,讨论了纳米MMT用量对PP/PVC(40/60)共混物性能的影响.研究结果表明:随着加入纳米MMT量的增加,共混物的拉伸强度也逐渐增加;当共混物中加入纳米MMT 5份时,共混物的拉伸强度达到最大值;随着加入纳米MMT的增加,共混物...     

Volumetric and Isentropic Compressibility Behavior of Ionic Liquid, 1-Propyl-3-Methylimidazolium Bromide in Acetonitrile,Dimethylformamide, and Dimethylsulfoxide at <Emphasis Type="Italic">T</Emphasis> = (288.15 to 308.15) K

Density and speed-of-sound data for 1-propyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([C₃mim][Br]) + acetonitrile (MeCN), [C₃mim][Br] + dimethylformamide (DMF), and [C₃mim][Br] + dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) binary mixtures in the dilute concentration region are reported at T = (288.15 to 308.15) K. From these data, apparent molar volume, isentropic compressibility, excess molar volume, and isentropic compressibility deviation values have been calculated. Negative deviations from the ideal behavior of both molar volume and isentropic compressibility have been observed for all systems investigated in this study. It has been found that deviations from ideal behavior for the [C₃mim][Br] + MeCN system are larger than those for the [C₃mim][Br] + DMF system which, in turn, are larger than those for the [C₃mim][Br] + DMSO system. The results have been interpreted in terms of ion–dipole interactions and structural factors of the ionic liquid and investigated organic solvents.     

Morphology evolution of rutile particles from nanorods to microcones, again microspheres via self-assembly in Ionic Liquids (ILs) solution

Morphology evolution of rutile particles from nanorods to microcones, again microspheres were realized with the increasing of TiCl₄ via self-assembly under hydrothermal condition. A kind of ionic liquids, 1-octyl-3-methylimidazole bromide ([C₈mim]Br) was used to assist the fabrication of rutile nanostructures in the system. Characterizations of the products were performed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). SEM and TEM micrographs showed that the presence of [C₈mim]Br apparently resulted in the aggregation of rutile particles via self-assembly, till porous structures was formed on the surface of microspheres. Moreover, the microspheres were easy to crack when they were precipitated from solution, and the cracks can be widened under radiation of electron beam, simultaneously accompanied by the exfoliation of rutile whiskers. The corresponding mechanism of self-assembly was proposed to explain the effect of [C₈mim]Br on fabrication of these rutile nanostructures.     

Acetylation of β-cyclodextrin in ionic liquid green solvent

The ionic liquid (IL), 1-butyl-3-methylimidzolium bromide ([C₄mim]Br), synthesized under supercritical CO₂, was developed as a green solvent for the dissolution, regeneration and acetylation of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD). The dissolution of β-CD in [C₄mim]Br of 25 wt% could be reached at 25 °C. The acetylation of β-CD was carried out under acetic anhydride in [C₄mim]Br in the absence of catalyst. β-CD acetates with different degrees of substitution of 0.07–1.14 were obtained directly under the homogeneous reaction conditions. The reaction medium of IL applied can be easily recycled and reused after the synthesis of β-CD acetate. The effects of reaction time, temperature, and acetic anhydride/AGU on the acetylation of β-CD were investigated. The acetylated β-CD samples were characterized by NMR, FT-IR, and X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy. It is the first time that we have demonstrated that ILs can be used as an environmentally friendly solvent for the acetylation of β-CD, which will open a new route to acetylation of β-CD under green solvent without catalyst.     

咪唑基离子液体对聚丙烯抗静电性能的影响

以咪唑基离子液体(im i-IL)为抗静电剂与聚丙烯(PP)熔融共混制备出PP/im i-IL共混复合材料,并对材料的抗静电性能、抗静电耐擦洗性能和力学性能进行了测试。结果表明,咪唑基离子液体在显著提高PP的抗静电性能和抗静电剂耐擦洗性能的同时,材料的冲击强度虽略有下降,但拉伸强度提高。     

Choline- versus imidazole-based ionic liquids as functional ingredients in topical delivery systems: cytotoxicity,solubility, and skin permeation studies

Background: Poor drug solubility represents a problem for the development of topical formulations. Since ionic liquids (ILs) can be placed in either lipophilic or hydrophilic solutions, they may be advantageous vehicles in such delivery systems. Nonetheless, it is vital to determine their usefulness when used at concentrations were cell viability is maintained, which was considered herein.

Method: Five different ILs were prepared—three imidazole-based ILs: [C2mim][Br], [C4mim][Br], and [C6mim][Br]; and two choline-based ILs: [Cho][Phe] and [Cho][Glu]. Their cytotoxicity in human keratinocytes (HaCat cells), their influence in drug solubility and in percutaneous permeation, using pig skin membranes, was evaluated.

Results: Caffeine and salicylic acid were used as model actives. Choline-based ILs proved to be more suitable as functional ingredients, since they showed higher impact on drug solubility and a lower cytotoxicity. The major solubility enhancement was observed for caffeine and further solubility studies were carried out with this active in several concentrations of the choline-based ILs (0.1; 0.2; 0.5; 1.0; 3.0 and 5.0%, w/w) at 25?°C and 32?°C. Solubility was greatly influenced by concentrations up to 0.5%. The choline-based ILs showed no significant impact on the skin permeation, for both actives. The size of the imidazole-based ILs alkyl chain enhances the caffeine solubility and permeation, but also the ILs cytotoxicity. Stable O/W emulsions and gels were prepared containing the less toxic choline-based ILs and caffeine.

Conclusions: Our results indicate that the choline-based ILs were effective functional ingredients, since, when used at nontoxic concentrations, they allowed a higher drug loading, while maintaining the stability of the formulations.     

[C_4mim][BF_4]粘度的模拟与实验

为了研究离子液体的粘度特性,以1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑四氟硼酸盐([C4mim][BF4])离子液体为研究对象进行模拟计算与实验测试.基于分子动力学原理,编译了离子液体粘度的模拟计算程序,对[C4mim][BF4]离子液体完成了粘度模拟计算.搭建了粘度测试系统,进行离子液体的粘度测试.通过实验数据与模拟数据的对比,验证了模拟结果的准确性.另外,根据模拟粘度值的拟合曲线,分析了离子液体粘度的变化规律.同时,通过与水粘度的比对研究,阐述了[C4mim][BF4]离子液体的粘度特点.     

Electroanalytical determination of trace chloride in room-temperature ionic liquids

The electroanalytical quantification of chloride in [C4mim][BF4], [C4mim][NTf2], and [C4mim][PF6] ionic liquids has been explored using linear sweep and square wave voltammetry. Cathodic stripping voltammetry at a silver disk electrode is found to be the most sensitive. The methodology is based on first holding the potential of the electrode at +2.0 V (vs Ag wire), to accumulate silver chloride at the electrode. On applying a cathodic scan, a stripping wave is observed corresponding to the reduction of the silver chloride. This stripping protocol was found to detect ppb levels of chloride in [C4mim][BF4], [C4mim][NTf2], and [C4mim][PF6]. Although other methods for chloride have been reported for [BF4](-)- and [PF6](-)-based ionic liquids, no methods have been reported for [NTf2](-) ionic liquids.     

尼龙结构对尼龙/聚乙烯共混物织构形态的影响

比较了尼龙６／线型低密度聚乙烯（ＰＡ６／ＬＤＰＥ）和尼龙１０１０／线型低密度聚乙烯（ＰＡ１０１０／ＬＬＤＰＥ）共混和的织构形态,共混物的织构形态除与织构调节剂、组分比有关外,还与尼龙物结构有很大关系。在尼龙／聚乙烯二元共混物中,分散相粒子以球状（或椭球状）形式存在,粒子较大,两相界面清晰,加入织构调节剂后,分散相粒子明显变小,分布均匀,在尼龙６共混物中,除仍有表面光滑的球状粒子外,出现了莲藕断面状粒子,但两相之间仍有缝隙,而在尼龙１０１０共混物中,出现了辐（车）轮状粒子,两相间相互作用强,分散相粒子与连续相之间紧紧地连接在一起,表明高碳数的尼龙１０１０与聚乙烯的链段间的相容性更好。     

LLDPE及LLDPE／LDPE在不同条件下的结晶行为

ＤＳＣ的研究表明ＬＬＤＰＥ高分子量线形分子结晶时，短支化链的链节不参与共晶。当ＬＬＤＰＥ／ＬＤＰＥ共混物淬冷或快速结晶时，ＬＬＤＰＥ中的线形分子可与ＬＤＰＥ中长支化链的链节产生共晶，其熔融单峰较宽，峰位随ＬＬＤＰＥ含量增加而稍向高温移动。     

F-C烷基化反应原位增容工艺对PS/LLDPE合金结构与性能的影响

在熔融状态下,利用无水AlCl3引发大分子之间的Friedel-Crafts烷基化反应来增容聚苯乙烯(PS)/线性低密度聚乙烯(LLDPE)(80/20)合金。研究了"一步法"和"两步法"增容工艺对PS/LLDPE合金结构和性能的影响。结果表明,以"一步法"增容PS/LLDPE(50/50)合金40份为母料,与60份聚苯乙烯混合("两步法")制备PS/LLDPE(80/20)合金,可有效地降低聚苯乙烯降解对合金性能的影响,提高合金的热稳定性和力学性能;从扫描电镜(SEM)照片可以看出,"两步法"制备的合金的分散相更加均匀细小,韧性断裂特征明显。