基于优化算法的冲突仲裁策略

该文提出了一种基于优化算法的冲突仲裁策略。在约束网络支持的并行设计过程中，建立了冲突仲裁的数学模型，设计了反映冲突严重程度的指标，并针对该指标利用基因算法进行优化求解。与以往的冲突解决方法不同，该方法利用设计参数区间的可扩展性，找到了制约设计问题的瓶颈，以最小的设计区间损失争取到最佳设计指标，从而达到有效解决冲突的目的。与约束网络相配合，该方法能够在并行设计的初期就监控设计过程，提早解决冲突以避免后期出现大返工。文中最后利用了转向架的设计实例说明了该方法的有效性。     

基于参数协调模型的多学科协同设计方法

采用传统方法解决多学科的设计问题时 ,因为无法定量考虑分布在多个学科内的产品指标对设计变量的影响 ,通常会产生频繁的设计返工 .该文通过收集产品各领域的指标约束与关系约束来构建基于约束网络的产品参数协调模型 ,采用区间描述设计变量的不确定性信息 ,并将区间算法与基因算法相结合实现了一致性模型求解框架 .使用该方法能够检测潜在冲突 ,得到与给定产品指标相对应的设计变量可行解空间 ,进而辅助设计人员决策 .最后以该方法在转向架设计中的应用实例说明其有效性 .     

分布式冲突检测系统的研究与实现

提出一种支持并行设计的分布式冲突检测方法,设计并开发分布式冲突检测系统。该系统以约束网络的一致性区间求解算法为核心,通过计算约束网络中各设计参数的可行域区间,可以有效地检测产品设计过程中的冲突。软件系统采用B/S结构,以支持地理分布的协同设计团队的设计工作,并以铁路列车某型转向架工程设计为例验证了该方法的有效性。     

面向约束的鲁棒设计方法

提出了一种面向约束的鲁棒设计方法,该方法能够利用约束网络对并行设计中的一类不确定性参数进行有效的描述和处理。该文提出了反映协同设计需求的数学模型,设计了一个通用的一致性求解算法框架,并利用基于区间代数的一致性算法,在设计的初期就监控设计过程,使设计者在确定参数前能够通过约束网络定量地考虑下游的约束条件,并能够提早发现冲突以避免设计后期出现大的返工。文中的研究是实现并行设计中“一次成功”的技术基础。     

挖掘机协同设计中知识冲突管理系统的设计与实现

为解决复杂机械产品协同设计中的知识冲突问题,研究了产品设计时约束网络的建立方法和约束的分层管理,并采用区间传播算法求解约束满足问题,解决了协同设计中基于约束的冲突检测和冲突归档问题。在理论研究的基础上,开发了一种基于J2EE平台Struts+IBatis轻量级框架的协同设计中知识冲突管理系统,在一定程度上解决了协同设计中的知识冲突问题,并以挖掘机产品设计选择轴承为实例验证了知识冲突管理系统的正确性和可行性。     

基于仿真和知识的广义动态约束网络技术

针对并行协同设计中的参数不确定性,将普通的约束网络扩展为广义动态约束网络,以对设计中的不确定性信息进行管理.建立了包含领域级约束和知识级约束的广义动态约束网络模型;提出了基于仿真分析和自适应响应面法的领域级约束建模的有效方法,并提出模糊-粗糙集算法,对仿真结果进行数据挖掘,实现了知识级约束获取;基于模板技术给出了广义动态约束网络中各种约束的统一表示方法;构造了有效的约束冲突求解策略和一致性求解算法,求出一致性设计区间.最后通过设计实例验证了文中方法的有效性.     

支持参数和公差设计的多学科协同建模

分析了多学科协同设计的耦合关系，提出支持参数和公差设计的多学科协同建模．首先。获得设计初始阶段各领域专家给出的约束条件和设计变量的大致范围；然后，抽取所有领域中在参数和公差设计阶段的耦合参数和相关约束；最后，构建产品的变动约束网络模型．在多学科协同建模中，考虑了不等式约束条件的转化、微分方程形式约束的转化、参数和公差的综合，以及与三维CAD系统的集成；为进一步实现参数和公差协同求解奠定了基础。     

区间不确定性需求下的D-LFLP模型及算法

考虑物流网络需求的不确定性,运用区间分析理念以区间数度量不确定性变量与参数,建立区间需求模式下的物流网络设计的混合整数规划模型,定义风险系数与最大约束偏差,对模型进行目标函数与约束条件的确定性转化,设计问题求解的区间递阶优化遗传算法,对不同情景状态下目标函数的区间最优解与节点决策方案进行运算。算例测试表明该算法可操作性更强,求解结果具有区间最优解与情景决策的优越性。     

基于UD和GA的神经网络最经济参数的研究

针对已有的控制系统经济目标函数中分母不变的情况，得出了一种用神经网络进行控制，以收敛性为技术约束的最经济控制参数的确定方法。通过该方法，先用均匀设计法安排神经网络参数试验，进行试验得到性能指标数据．及构造多指标的综合值选取神经网络的性能指标值，然后构造网络参数和多指标之间的映射关系，最后以多指标综合值作为适应度函数，用混合遗传算法求出最经济神经网络结构参数。仿真表明，用该法求得的结果和仿真结果误差在3％以内．说明该方法可以为神经网络最经济控制参数的确定提供有效参考。     

协同设计中以实体为中心的并发操作控制机制

并发操作控制机制是协同设计中的重要问题，其实质是解决操作冲突并提供无冲突操作；而一致性、响应性和并发性是其中三个重要但互斥的需求．因此，并发操作控制机制的焦点是在保证一致性前提下，以最小响应时间和最大并发程度，解决操作冲突．文中提出了并发操作控制机制的重要设计准则，并进一步提出一种以实体为中心的并发控制机制及其形式化定义和总体实现．该机制以冲突消除取代冲突避免，通过本地操作、服务器端操作确认和复制同步三个步骤，实现松散WYSIWIS原则；其中本地操作改善响应性；服务器端操作确认最大化并发性；复制同步保证一致性．     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.