Na2CO3、K2CO3和KOH制备废弃柑橘皮渣活性炭及其性能分析

随着柑橘加工业的发展,柑橘皮渣后续处理问题日益突出,废弃柑橘皮渣成为亟待解决的农业废弃物,将其制备成柑橘皮渣活性炭具有重要意义,而活化剂的选择是制备高吸附性活性炭的关键.以废弃柑橘皮渣为原料,考察了活化剂类型、浸渍比和活化温度3个关键因素,探究了Na2CO3、K2CO3和KOH这3种活化剂对制备柑橘皮渣活性炭产率与吸附...     

利用废弃轮胎制备活性炭的研究

介绍了由废弃轮胎通过炭化 ,活化制备活性炭的方法 ,着重探讨了活化剂、炭化温度 ,活化温度对产品脱色力和收率的影响。在优化条件下 ,活性炭收率达 45%～ 48% ,产品性能符合 HG3-1 2 90 - 80部颁标准。     

用废弃的半焦焦粉制活性炭工业性试验研究

介绍了用神府矿区废弃焦粉制活性炭的工业性试验条件、技术路线、配比方案、产品性质及经济效益分析情况．讨论了工艺条件对活性炭质量及加工过程的影响,比较分析了不同配比活性炭性质的异同及其孔结构特征,对焦粉制活性炭的成本及经济效益进行了评估．认为用半焦焦粉制活性炭技术上可行,经济上有较强的竞争力．     

焦粉活性炭体系导电涂料的制备

研制了一种以焦粉活性炭为导电填料、酚醛清漆为基料的导电涂料。采用单因素实验方法确定偶联剂用量、球磨时间、焦粉活性炭与酚醛清漆质量比与体积电阻率的关系。偶联剂用量为体系总质量的1.5%左右,球磨时间为7h,焦粉活性炭与酚醛清漆的质量比为0.6时,涂料的导电性能最佳,ρν约为14.4Ω.cm。     

KOH活化焦油渣制备活性炭的研究

以武钢焦化公司焦油渣为原料,KOH为活化剂,采用正交实验研究了活化温度、活化时间、碱炭比（氢氧化钾与焦化除尘灰的质量比）和炭化温度对所制活性炭吸附性能的影响,得出制备焦油渣基活性炭影响因素主次顺序为活化温度、活化时间、碱炭比、炭化温度,最佳活化条件为活化温度为800℃,活化时间为100min,碱炭比为4：1,炭化温度为400℃。在此条件下制备活性炭的碘吸附值为1300．765mg／g。     

K2CO3-微波活化法制备秸秆基活性炭

介绍了微波法制备活性炭的基本方法,通过热重法和单因素实验找出最优制备条件,并在最优条件下对活性炭分别进行苯酚吸附、亚甲基蓝吸附和红外光谱及电镜等分析检测.实验最终产率达到30%以上,亚甲基蓝吸附值约为180 mg/g.     

KOH活化法制备椰壳活性炭研究

以椰壳炭化料为原料,采用KOH活化法制备活性炭,研究了KOH/炭化料的质量比、升温速率、活化温度和活化时间对活性性能的影响。实验结果表明,KOH/炭化料的质量比是该方法制备活性炭的最主要影响因素,较优的工艺参数为:KOH/炭化料的质量比为4∶1、升温速率为5℃/min、活化温度为800℃、活化时间为1 h。同时制备得到了比表面积达到2413 m2/g、微孔容积达到1.02 cm3/g,且以0.9 nm以下微孔为主的椰壳活性炭。     

K2CO3活化空心莲子草制备活性炭及表征

以入侵生物空心莲子草为原料,以K₂CO₃为活化剂,经一步共混活化法制备活性炭。研究了K₂CO₃与空心莲子草质量比、活化温度及活化时间对活性炭得率及吸附性能的影响。利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对不同温度下得到的活性炭进行了表面形貌观察。实验结果表明,K₂CO₃活化空心莲子草的最佳活化条件为：质量比为1.5,活化温度及时间分别为800℃,3.0 h,此时活性炭得率为13.79%,其碘吸附值及亚甲基蓝吸附值分别为1477 mg·g^-1和384 mg·g^-1。当氮气流量在20～100 ml·min^-1范围内变化时,K₂CO₃的回收率相差不大,且其回收率均能达到80%以上。SEM结果表明活化温度对活性炭孔结构具有明显影响。     

KOH活化制备脱水污泥活性炭

以污水处理厂脱水污泥为原料,采用KOH化学活化工艺制备污泥活性炭,研究了碱泥比、活化剂浓度、活化温度及活化时间等因素对活性炭碘吸附值的影响。结果表明,最优的污泥活性炭制备条件为碱泥比3,活化剂浓度40%,活化温度500℃,活化时间60 min。用该条件下制备的污泥活性炭处理电镀废水,其对重金属吸附去除效果良好,平均去除率可以达到73.46%。     

KOH活化制备脱水污泥活性炭

以污水处理厂脱水污泥为原料,采用KOH化学活化工艺制备污泥活性炭,研究了碱泥比、活化剂浓度、活化温度及活化时间等因素对活性炭碘吸附值的影响。结果表明,最优的污泥活性炭制备条件为碱泥比3,活化剂浓度40%,活化温度500℃,活化时间60 min。用该条件下制备的污泥活性炭处理电镀废水,其对重金属吸附去除效果良好,平均去除率可以达到73.46%。     

石油焦基活性炭电极的研究进展

超级电容器是一种新型储能装置,具有充电时间短、寿命长、绿色环保等特点。石油焦基活性炭是超级电容器常用的电极材料,它的研究发展制约着电容器性能的进一步提高。简述了活性炭电极在超级电容器中的应用,并重点介绍了石油焦基活性炭电极的研究进展。     

活性炭对CO_2的吸附与解吸研究进展

本文介绍了工业上CO2的主要来源及应用,以及工业上分离、回收CO2的常用方法。同时介绍了活性炭在变压吸附分离气体领域的应用,以及变压吸附过程中吸附剂再生的常用方法。详细综述了活性炭的孔结构、表面化学结构等因素对CO2的吸附及解吸性能影响的研究进展。     

以焦粉为主制备大块型焦

以焦粉为主要原料快速炭化制取大块型焦,制得的型焦块度大、均匀性好、强度高、气孔率适宜。冲天炉熔炼化铁试验结果表明,该型焦可以作为铸造焦炭使用。     

Alcohol Synthesis from Syngas over K2CO3/CoS/MoS2 on Activated Carbon

Supported K₂CO₃/Co–MoS₂ on activated carbon was prepared by a co-impregnation technique and has been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and BET. Active ingredients ranged from 39 to 66% and included molysulfide and cobalt sulfide. XRD analysis indicates that cobalt and molybdenum sulfides are found in the Co₃S₄ and Co₉S₈ phases. These catalysts were performance tested in a fixed-bed reactor under higher alcohol synthesis conditions, 2000–2400 psig and 270–330°C. Active chemicals on the carbon extrudates decreased the surface area dramatically, as measured by BET. Surprisingly, at the high level of active chemicals, alcohol productivity and selectivity were decreased. An increase in the reaction temperature led to a decrease in the selectivity of methanol and an increase in selectivity of hydrocarbons. Total alcohol productivity was also increased as gas hourly space velocity (GHSV) was increased. Co₉S₈ may play a role in the catalyst aging process. In prolonged reaction periods (140 h), sulfur is lost from the surface, possibly as H₂S. The quantity of Co₉S₈ on the surface appears to increase as the catalyst ages.     

CO2活化CaCO3作为脱硫剂的半干法烟气脱硫实验研究

CaCO3脱硫剂对SO2的化学反应活性直接影响其烟气脱硫效率和脱硫剂的利用率.提高CaCO3的脱硫反应活性,对降低烟气脱硫生产成本具有重要的意义.在高1.1 m、内径12.5 cm的流化床反应器内的半干法烟气脱硫过程中,利用CO2气体为活化介质对CaCO3脱硫剂浆液进行活化处理,并以活化后的CaCO3为脱硫剂,实验研究了CO2活化对CaCO3脱硫剂烟气脱硫效率的影响.结果表明,CO2气体对CaCO3的活化处理,增大了CaCO3在溶液中的溶解度,提高了CaCO3与SO2间反应的活性,促进了CaCO3脱硫剂烟气脱硫效率的显著提高.在实验条件下,当饱和接近度为15～18 K、钙硫比为1.2、脱硫剂粒径为64 μm时,经CO2气体活化后的CaCO3脱硫剂其脱硫效率达到92%,接近于相同条件下Ca(OH)2的脱硫效率.该研究结果为提高CaCO3脱硫剂的烟气脱硫反应活性,提供了一种新的工艺技术方法.     

二氧化碳浸蚀后的焦炭微观结构研究

研究了与二氧化碳反应前后的单种煤所炼焦炭和工业用焦炭的气孔结构和光学组织的变化规律,结果表明:经二氧化碳浸蚀后焦炭的气孔率都增加,气孔壁减薄,气孔平均直径增大;不同种类的焦炭,浸蚀的温度和时间不同时,其气孔结构的参数变化程度也有所不同。无论是单种煤所炼焦炭还是工业用焦炭,受二氧化碳浸蚀后,其各向同性、丝炭和破片组织含量减少;而粗粒镶嵌、纤维状和片状组织含量增多;OTI指数增大。     

CO2 Adsorption Kinetics of K2CO3/Activated Carbon for Low‐Concentration CO2 Removal from Confined Spaces

K₂CO₃ supported on activated carbon (K₂CO₃/AC) is a promising means to remove low‐concentration CO₂ from confined spaces. In this removal process, physical adsorption plays an important role but it is difficult to quantify the amount of CO₂ adsorbed when both H₂O and CO₂ are present. The linear driving force mass transfer model is adopted to study the CO₂ adsorption kinetic characteristics of K₂CO₃/AC by analyzing the experimental data. The effect of K₂CO₃ and H₂O on the adsorption of CO₂ in K₂CO₃/AC was also evaluated. K₂CO₃ loaded on the support is found to increase the mass transfer resistance but decrease the activation energy required for the physical adsorption process. The presence of water vapor is disadvantageous to achieve high physical adsorption capacity since it enhances the chemical sorption in the competitive dynamic sorption process.     

甲醇、CO_2在活性炭为模板剂制备的CeO_2上合成碳酸二甲酯

以活性炭(AC)为模板剂通过浸渍法引入铈源,通过高温焙烧制得纳米Ce O2催化剂。在催化二氧化碳和甲醇直接合成碳酸二甲酯(DMC)的反应中,该催化剂表现出优越的催化活性,当Ce O2与活性炭的物质的量比为3∶7(Ce O2/AC≈0.43)时,碳酸二甲酯收率最高,达到0.893 1 mmol/mmolcat。此外,通过X-射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(IR)、透射电镜(TEM)和程序升温吸附(TPD)对所制备的催化剂进行了表征。研究结果表明,焙烧过程中,催化剂前驱体中活性炭的去除过程能够有效地调节催化剂表面的酸碱位,适量的中强酸性位和中强碱性位是影响Ce O2催化活性的重要因素。     

熄焦粉取代活性炭综合处理焦化废水的研究

针对目前焦化厂生化脱酚废水的化学需氧量(COD值)普遍超标现象进行研究,采用焦化厂自产的熄焦粉经活化后吸附处理焦化厂生化废水,或采用活化熄焦粉与微生物活性污泥联合曝气处理焦化废水,使焦化厂废水的化学需氧量达到国家一级排放标准。在某种程度上可以取代废水的三级处理,即取代废水的深度处理,有着潜在的巨大的社会效益和经济效益。     

Adsorption of CO2 on Zeolite 13X and Activated Carbon with Higher Surface Area

In this work, adsorption isotherms and adsorption kinetics of CO₂ on zeolite 13X and activated carbon with high surface area (AC-h) were studied. The adsorption isotherms and kinetic curves of CO₂ on the adsorbents were separately measured at 328 K, 318 K, 308 K, and 298 K and with a pressure range of 0–30 bar by means of the gravimetric adsorption method. The mass transfer constants and adsorption activation energy E_a of CO₂ on the adsorbents were estimated separately. Results showed that at very low pressure the amounts adsorbed of CO₂ on the zeolite 13X was higher than that on the AC-h, while at higher pressure, the amounts adsorbed of CO₂ on the AC-h was higher than that on the zeolite 13X since the AC-h has a larger surface area and a larger total pore volume compared to the zeolite 13X. The adsorption kinetics of CO₂ can be well described by the linear driving force (LDF) model. With the increase of temperature, the mass transfer constants of CO₂ adsorption on both samples increased. The adsorption activation energy E_a for CO₂ on the two adsorbents decreased with the increase of pressure. Furthermore, at low pressure the E_a for CO₂ adsorption on the zeolite 13X was slightly lower than that on the AC-h, while at higher pressure the E_a for CO₂ adsorption on the zeolite 13X was higher than that on the AC-h.