Cloning and heterologous expression of a glucodextranase gene from Arthrobacter globiformis I42, and experimental evidence for the catalytic diad of the recombinant enzyme

The gene encoding a glucodextranase from Arthrobacter globiformis I42 was cloned and, subsequently, heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli. This glucodextranase gene consists of 1048 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular mass of 109,135 Da. The roles of two residues at the active site of A. globiformis I42 glucodextranase were examined by site-directed mutagenesis. Glutamic acid residues 458 and 656, which are part of the apparent catalytic residues, were found to be essential for hydrolase activity.     

Cloning of inulin fructotransferase (DFA III-producing) gene from Arthrobacter globiformis C11-1

A gene encoding an inulin fructotransferase (DFA III-producing) [EC 2.4.1.93] from Arthrobacter globiformis C11-1 was cloned and the nucleotide sequence was determined. The cloned fragment contained a 1353 bp open reading frame. The initiation codon was estimated to be an unusual codon, GTG. The gene encoded a signal peptide (40 amino acid residues) for secretion. The molecular mass of the native enzyme was calculated as 43,400 Da from the sequencing data. The deduced amino acid sequence of the enzyme had 74.0 % homology with that of inulin fructotransferase (DFA III-producing) from Arthrobacter sp. H65-7. It also had 45.1% homology with that of inulin fructotransferase (DFA I-producing) [EC 2.4.1.200] from Arthrobacter globiformis S14-3. The enzyme produced in the culture supernatant of an Escherichia coli clone was purified to the electrophoretically homogeneous stage. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the cloned enzyme secreted in the broth was the same as that of the native enzyme from A. globiformis C11-1. Therefore, on this enzyme, it is estimated that the cleavage sites by the signal peptidase for secretion of A. globiformis C11-1 and E. coli JM109 are the same.     

Molecular cloning and expression of uricase gene from Arthrobacter globiformis in Escherichia coli and characterization of the gene product

Arthrobacter globiformis FERM BP-360 produces uricase (urate oxidase; EC 1.7.3.3) intracellularly. A genomic library of the bacterium, prepared in the plasmid vector pUC118, was screened with probes based on the amino acid sequence of the purified uricase. We found that a chimeric plasmid in the library, designated pUOD1, carries a 2.0-kb DNA insert from the Arthrobacter DNA that hybridizes with the probe. The DNA insert contains an ORF consisting of 302 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 33,858. The protein translated from the ORF displays the highest identity (67%) to uricase from a bacterium, Cellulomonas flavigena. X-ray fluorescence analysis showed that the Arthrobacter uricase contains copper ion. However, we found that the catalytic activity of uricase is inhibited by the excessive addition of copper ion. Although the production of A. globiformis uricase is induced by the addition of uric acid to the culture medium, Escherichia coli harboring pUOD1 produced 20-fold higher uricase than the original Arthrobacter strain, even without an inducer.     

Cloning of a gene for D-sorbitol dehydrogenase from Gluconobacter oxydans G624 and expression of the gene in Pseudomonas putida IFO3738

We have cloned a novel gene for d-sorbitol dehydrogenase (SLDH), which efficiently converted D-sorbitol to L-sorbose, from Gluconobacter oxydans G624 (FERM BP-4415). A cosmid library of the genomic DNA was screened by assaying SLDH activity. The inserted DNA from a positive clone was downsized by subcloning into charomid and pUCP plasmid, successively. Sequencing analysis of the DNA responsible for SLDH activity revealed an open reading frame of 1455 bp coding for 485 amino acid residues with a calculated molecular mass of 53,642 Da. The amino acid sequence showed 42.2% identity with a NAD+-dependent mannitol dehydrogenase (MDH), which catalyzed conversion of d-sorbitol to d-fructose, from Pseudomonas fluorescens DSM50106. Since the intact SLDH was found to be very unstable during isolation and purification, this SLDH fused to 6 x His-tag was expressed in Pseudomonas putida IFO3738 and purified by immobilized metal affinity chromatography using cobalt-based resins. The 6 x His-tag SLDH catalyzed the oxidation of D-sorbitol to L-sorbose and exhibited 15 times higher activity in the presence of NADP+ than that of NAD+. These results indicate that the SLDH is a novel kind of dehydrogenase distinct from MDH previously reported.     

Cloning and heterologous expression of the Candida albicans gene PMI 1 encoding phosphomannose isomerase

Using a DNA fragment derived from the Saccharomyces cerevisiae phosphomannose isomerase (PMI) structural gene as a probe against a random ordered array library of genomic DNA from the pathogenic fungus Candida albicans, we have cloned the C. albicans PMI 1 gene. This gene, which is unique in the C. albicans genome, can functionally complement PMI-deficient mutants of both S. cerevisiae and Escherichia coli. The DNA sequence of the PMI 1 gene predicts a protein with 64·1% identity to PMI from S. cerevisiae. Sequential gene disruption of PMI 1 produces a strain with an auxotrophic requirement for D-mannose. The heterologous expression of the PMI 1 gene at levels up to 45% of total cell protein in E. coli leads to partitioning of the enzyme between the soluble and particulate fractions. The protein produced in the soluble fraction is indistinguishable in kinetic properties from the material isolated from C. albicans cells. The nucleotide sequence data reported here will appear in the EMBL database under Accession Number X82024.     

Cloning, targeted disruption and heterologous expression of the Kluyveromyces marxianus endopolygalacturonase gene (EPG1)

The yeast Kluyveromyces marxianus strain BKM Y-719 produces an efficient pectin-degrading endopolygalacturonase (EPG) that cleaves the internal alpha-1,4-D-glycosidic linkages to yield oligomers of varying sizes. The EPG1 gene encoding this industrially important EPG was cloned by using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique and degenerate primers to generate a 135 bp DNA fragment with which a genomic library was screened. The cloned fragment contained an open reading frame (ORF) of 1083 bp, encoding a 361 amino acid polypeptide. The predicted amino acid (aa) sequence of EPG showed similarity with polygalacturonases (PGs) of fungi. Analysis of the aa sequence indicated that the first 25 aa constitute a signal sequence and a motif (C218XGGHGXSIGSVG230) that is usually associated with a PG active site. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis resolved chromosomal bands for K. marxianus BKM Y-719 and using chromoblotting it seems that EPG1 is present as only a single copy in the genome.     

Cloning and expression of chitin deacetylase gene from a Deuteromycete, Colletotrichum lindemuthianum

The chitin deacetylase gene was cloned from cDNA of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum ATCC 56676, and the open reading frame consisted of a possible prepro-sequence of 27 amino acids at the N-terminus and a mature chitin deacetylase. The deduced amino acid sequence of the mature enzyme revealed 26% identity and 46% similarity with a chitin deacetylase from Mucor rouxii. The molecular mass of the protein estimated from the amino acid sequence data was 24.3 kDa, which was in good agreement with the MALDI-TOF MS analysis data of the purified protein (24.17-24.36 kDa). The gene product was overexpressed in Escherichia coli cells as a fusion protein with six histidine residues at its C-terminus. The fusion protein formed inclusion bodies, but chitin deacetylase activity was restored from the inclusion bodies by a simple renaturation step with 8 M urea treatment. The recombinant enzyme was purified by affinity chromatography and gel filtration steps, and had a final specific activity of 4.22 units mg(-1) of protein. Trypsin digestion of the recombinant enzyme resulted in 2.1-fold increase in activity, suggesting that the removal of the prepro-domain from the recombinant enzyme resulted in an increase in its activity.     

微小毛霉凝乳酶基因的克隆与表达

微小毛霉(Mucor pusillus)凝乳酶是微生物凝乳酶的主要来源之一,但与传统的牛凝乳酶比较具有一定的缺陷。为将其采用基因工程的方法进行改造获得理想的凝乳酶,本研究克隆到微小毛霉凝乳酶基因,将其插入原核表达载体pTWlN1中,使之与几丁质结合域(CBD)一内含肽(intein)融合,获得原核表达质粒pTWIN1/M。转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),后经IPTG诱导后进行SDS-PAGE电泳分析,获得了重组蛋白。     

马奶酒样乳杆菌乳糖酶LacZ基因的克隆,原核表达及活性分析

从开菲尔粒(Kefir)中分离出1株马奶酒样乳杆菌(Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens ZW3),具有较高的乳糖酶活性,以此菌株为材料,从其基因组中克隆得到LacZ型乳糖酶基因,该基因全长2007 bp,编码669个氨基酸。随后将该基因插入原核表达载体pET-32a中转入大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)进行过量表达,获得了其重组蛋白,纯化后分析了该重组蛋白的乳糖水解活性特点。结果显示,此蛋白在50℃,pH 7.0时乳糖水解活力最高,并在30~55℃,pH 5.0~9.0的范围仍能保持50%以上的酶活力,具有良好的工业应用潜力。     

黑曲霉酸性蛋白酶EXPA的克隆表达与酶学性质解析

酸性蛋白酶在食品、酿造、饲料和皮革等行业具有重要的应用价值。然而,现有的酸性蛋白酶在50℃以上或pH 3. 0时不稳定,限制了其应用范围。该研究通过分子克隆技术将黑曲霉CICIM F0510的酸性蛋白酶基因exp A在毕赤酵母中进行了克隆表达,构建获得了重组菌GS115 (p PIC-expA)。摇瓶发酵条件下,重组酶EXPA的酶活为257 380 RFU/h。生物信息学分析的结果显示,该酶属于天冬氨酸蛋白酶A1A家族。酶学性质的研究表明,该重组酶的最适反应温度和pH分别为50℃和3. 0;分别在40～50℃或pH 2. 5～3. 5孵育1 h后,仍能保留80%左右的活力。Zn~(2+)、Ca~(2+)、Fe~(2+)和Mn~(2+)对其活性有一定的促进作用;而Cu~(2+)、Co~(2+)、Fe~(3+)、EDTA和SDS则对其活性有显著的抑制作用。此外,重组酶EXPA对大豆分离蛋白、水溶性玉米蛋白和小麦水解蛋白均具有较好的水解作用。较好的耐热性和pH稳定性为EXPA在食品、饲料等领域的应用奠定了基础。     

Cloning and extracellular expression of inulin fructotransferase from Arthrobacter aurescens SK 8.001 in E. coli

BACKGROUND: Difructose anhydride (DFA) III is a natural and low‐calorie sweetener. It stimulates the absorption of calcium and other minerals. Inulin fructotransferase (IFTase; EC 4.2.2.18), catalysing inulin hydrolysis to DFA III, is considered to be the most promising enzyme for the production of DFA III. RESULTS: IFTase gene from Arthrobacter aurescens SK 8.001 was cloned and sequenced. Transformant with native IFTase signal peptide was a useful system for extracellular over‐expression of IFTase, and its extracellular IFTase activity reached 81.0 U mL^?1. This value was 4.1‐fold of that obtained with A. aurescens SK 8.001 for IFTase production. The recombinant IFTase was purified to electrophoretical homogeneity and characterized. The enzyme showed maximum activity at pH 6.0 and 55 °C, and retained 81.3% of its initial activity after incubation at 60 °C for 4 h. CONCLUSION: IFTase gene from A. aurescens SK 8.001 was cloned, sequenced and over‐expressed in E. coli. IFTase was reported for the first time to be over‐expressed extracellularly. The recombinant IFTase was purified and characterized, and shown to be a good candidate for potential application in DFA III production. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

纳豆激酶基因的克隆表达以及活性分析

应用PCR的方法从分泌纳豆激酶的枯草杆菌基因组DNA中扩增得到全长为1056bp的前导肽+成熟肽纳豆激酶原基因（pro-NK）,并构建了纳豆激酶的重组表达载体pET-28a-pro-NK;转化E.coliBL21（DE3）后,在IPTG的诱导下实现了纳豆激酶的高效表达,经SDS-PAGE显示在28ku处有一特异带;表达产物经Ni2+亲和层析纯化后,纤维平板法测得的纳豆激酶的比活力为34245.1IU/mg;纯蛋白经透析和冷冻干燥处理后,纳豆激酶的比活力为16271.5IU/mg;在此基础上,对冻干保护剂的添加进行优化,最佳保护效果为甘露醇与纳豆激酶质量比为1:2,可比不加保护剂时比活力提高了30.9%。这可为基因工程方法生产纳豆激酶纯品,稳定其活性便于贮运,并将其开发成为临床药物提供技术参考。      

Cloning and nucleotide sequence of carbaryl hydrolase gene (cahA) from Arthrobacter sp. RC100

A carbaryl hydrolase gene (cahA) encoded on the plasmid pRC1 in Arthrobacter sp. RC100 was cloned and sequenced. The entire region of the deduced amino acid sequence was found to be homologous to that of an amidase family. Parts of the consensus sequences of the amidase gene have been identified in CahA from strain RC100. CahA was overexpressed in Escherichia coli JM109, and the enzyme was purified to homogeneity by protamine sulfate treatment, ammonium sulfate precipitation, and hydrophobic and anion-exchange chromatographies. The purified enzyme showed hydrolase activity toward 1-naphthylacetamide and isobutyramide but showed no activity toward 1-naphthylacetate. This is the first report of an amidase that is able to hydrolyze N-methylcarbamate pesticides.     

大豆rbcL基因克隆、序列分析及原核表达

利用叶绿体基因组保守性的特征,根据菜豆、豌豆、烟草的rbcL基因序列设计引物,从大豆叶绿体DNA中克隆rbcL基因,全长序列为1488bp,包括1449bp的开放阅读框,编码482个氨基酸。相似性比较显示,此序列与其它10个物种rbcL基因核苷酸的同源性为85．37％～95．31％,氨基酸的同源性为90．87％-96．47％。将该基因与表达载体pET-30a（＋）连接,转化大肠杆菌Rosseta感受态细胞,PCR和酶切鉴定筛选阳性克隆,阳性菌液IPTG诱导后经10％SDS—PAGE分析,结果显示,诱导表达出分子量约为60kD的特异融合蛋白。     

匍枝根霉cbh2基因的克隆表达与结构分析

采用反向PCR技术从匍枝根霉中克隆cbh2基因,该基因编码440个氨基酸的蛋白质。利用DS2.5软件进行同源模拟和建立分子动力学模型,研究cbh2催化纤维六糖水解过程中结合区(CBM)上的关键位点,催化区(CD)上催化隧道关键位点的相互依赖作用,水解β-1,4糖苷键,生成纤维二糖。把cbh2基因与p ET22-b(+)载体连接,实现了在E.coli BL21(DE3)中原核表达。通过镍柱层析、DEAE FF层析和G-75层析三步纯化法获得46 k Da的酶蛋白,比活力为4.67 IU/mg。纯化的重组酶具有高水平的催化活性,对微晶纤维素具有较好的水解特性,CBHII酶的Km为7.358(mg/m L)。研究CBHII酶的基本特性,其最适反应温度为50℃,最适反应p H为5.0,CBHII酶在p H 4~7下具有较宽的稳定性,在65℃以下热稳定性较好,在催化过程中保持较高的活力。     

几丁质结合蛋白基因克隆、表达与纯化

该研究通过聚合酶链反应（PCR）方法从假交替单胞菌属（Pseudoalteromonas sp.）DL-6菌株中成功克隆了几丁质结合蛋白基因。PCR测序结果表明,该基因全长1 596 bp,编码531个氨基酸,其理论分子质量为58.517 ku,等电点（pI）4.35,命名为CBP58（GenBank登录号KF234016）。结构域分析结果表明,该蛋白包括1个33家族碳水化合物结合模块（CBM）,2个类型3几丁质结合域（ChtBDs）;用Insight II 2005软件以同源建模的方法构建CBP58蛋白CBM33结构域的三维结构模型,Ramachandram图谱检测和三维结构评估显示模型结构合理,整体相容性较为可信;将CBP58基因构建到pET23b载体,并转化至大肠杆菌（Escherichia coli）BL21（DE3）中诱导表达;利用镍柱亲和层析纯化获得重组蛋白。十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（SDS-PAGE）检测显示目的蛋白可溶表达,为后期几丁质结合蛋白（CBP）的生化性质表征奠定理论基础。     

Cloning and expression of the N-acetylmuramidase gene from Streptomyces rutgersensis H-46

The N-acetylmuramidase SR1 gene from Streptomyces rutgersensis H-46 was cloned in Escherichia coli JM109 and expressed in E. coli BL21(DE3)pLysS. An open reading frame included the leader peptide region encoding a polypeptide of 65 amino acid residues and the mature SR1 enzyme region encoding a polypeptide of 209 amino acid residues. The overall G + C content of the mature enzyme gene was 67.6%, with 98.1% of G or C in the third position of the codons. The calculated molecular weight of the mature enzyme was 23,057 Da. The amino acid sequence of the mature enzyme showed a significant level of identity with bacteriolytic enzymes from Streptomyces globisporus (50.9% identity), Chalaropsis species (40.2% identity) and Saccharopolyspora erythraea (31.0% identity). The mature enzyme gene cloned into plasmid pET26b carrying a signal peptide, peIB, was expressed in E. coli BL21(DE3)pLysS. The signal peptide region was cleaved during the production of the enzyme. Specific activity of the enzyme purified from the transformant was almost identical to that of the native enzyme. Furthermore, the SR1 enzyme gene cloned with the leader peptide gene into plasmid pET28a was also expressed in E. coli. In this case, a proform-like protein was partially processed; 35 amino acid residues were cleaved but 30 amino acid residues remained. This proform like protein has approximately one-nineteenth the activity of the native enzyme. These results indicated that the native SR1 enzyme was produced in the following manner in the cells of S. rutgersensis H-46. The SR1 enzyme gene was translated to a pre-proform protein followed by the deletion of a signal peptide. Finally, the proform-like protein was processed by deletion of the remaining leader peptide.     

凝结芽孢杆菌中耐热木酮糖激酶基因的克隆表达及生信分析

该研究以凝结芽孢杆菌（Bacillus coagulans）IPE22为研究对象,通过聚合酶链式反应（PCR）扩增获得木酮糖激酶基因Bc-XK,将其与载体pET-30a连接后,在大肠杆菌（Escherichia coli）BL21(DE3)中进行诱导表达。然后采用镍柱亲和层析纯化重组酶Bc-XK,对基因Bc-XK及其编码的蛋白质进行生信分析。结果表明,纯化后重组酶Bc-XK的酶比活力为（20.56±3.31） U/mg,热稳定性好,在60 ℃保持活力180 min以上,具有很好的工业应用潜力。Bc-XK基因含有一个1 536 bp的开放阅读框,共编码511个氨基酸,其编码的蛋白质为亲水蛋白,等电点（PI）为5.46,分子质量为56.15 kDa,二级结构中α-螺旋、无规卷曲和延伸链含量丰富,3个催化位点分别为天冬氨酸-8、苏氨酸-11、天冬氨酸-239,高度保守。     

牛凝乳酶基因的克隆与表达

为了获得大量高纯度高活性的凝乳酶制剂,采用基因工程方法,从犊牛皱胃黏膜细胞中克隆得到凝乳酶基因,然后将此基因插入原核表达载体pTWIN1中,使之与几丁质结合域(CBD)-内含肽(intein)融合,从而获得原核表达质粒:pTWIN1/EchybF2.经转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)后,在IPTG诱导下进行凝乳酶的表达.SDS-PAGE电泳分析和酶活性实验结果显示,CBD-intein-EchybF2融合蛋白在BL21(DE3)中获得高效表达,在低温诱导时主要以可溶性蛋白的形式存在,并具有凝乳活性.