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针对碧流河水库汛限水位控制运用中由于"静态控制"而导致洪水资源浪费的问题,从规划和实时运行两方面研究动态控制汛限水位的方法。首先研究了该水库汛限水位动态控制域的确定方法,在此基础上提出基于洪水预报和24小时降雨预报信息的实时动态控制方法,并以碧流河水库流域"2005.8.8"洪水实际调度为背景,介绍了水库水位的实时控制过程。结果表明,基于预报信息动态控制水库水位后,在没有额外增加防洪风险的前提下,提高了洪水资源的利用率。本文研究的方法具有较强的可操作性,可用于指导我国北方其他调节性好的水库的实时防洪调度。 相似文献
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汛限水位动态控制域是水库汛限水位动态控制研究的关键内容,亦是动态控制方案实施的基础。预泄能力约束法是确定汛限水位动态控制域的主要方法,但该方法主要考虑洪水预报信息进行预蓄预泄,并不适用于洪水汇流速度快、依据洪水预报信息决策时效短的水库,因此,本文提出了考虑未来48 h降雨预报信息的改进预泄能力约束法,并结合水库分期汛限水位,研究了水库汛限水位分期动态控制域确定方法。以山西省漳泽水库为例,结合现有分期汛限水位,采用改进预泄能力约束法确定了水库汛限水位分期动态控制域,成果在2013—2016年的水库调度实践中取得了较好的应用效果。 相似文献
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很多研究表明,汛限水位动态控制是协调水库调度中防洪和兴利间关系的有效方法,但大多集中于研究汛限水位控制域的确定,很少有文献针对汛限水位动态控制的核心—实时汛限水位动态控制进行研究。本文提出了一种实时汛限水位动态控制的方法,该方法首先利用24 h分类降雨预报作为判别指标,然后依据水文预报结果和水库的泄流能力计算控制水位、泄流量等具体指标。文中将该方法用于碧流河水库“19960810”场次洪水的调度中,结果表明,该方法能保证汛限水位动态控制的有效性,可以用做实时汛限水位动态控制的实施方法。 相似文献
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以桓仁水库为例,分析短期降雨预报应用于汛限水位动态控制的可行性,研究了利用短期降雨预报信息进行水库汛限水位动态控制的调度方式,计算了利用降雨预报信息进行汛限水位动态控制后水库的发电效益。结果表明:利用降雨预报信息进行汛限水位动态控制后,在不增加桓仁水库防洪风险的前提下,为水库带来较大的经济效益。 相似文献
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在汛限水位静态控制的运行方式下常导致水库汛期不敢蓄水,汛后库水位却常常达不到正常蓄水位,极大地限制了水库兴利效益,造成水资源浪费。以石门水库为例,针对其静态汛限水位运行的现状,分析该运行方式下对水库兴利效益的影响,提出采用汛限水位动态控制的方法来提高水资源利用率。实际调度中,结合石门水库天气、水文等预报信息,采用预蓄预泄方法,分析汛限水位动态控制的上下限,给出了动态控制的调度策略,并以"20110728"洪水对比了两种调度方式。结果表明:当预报降雨或洪水偏小时,可抬高汛限水位最高至617.5 m,拦蓄洪尾,有效增加水库的蓄水量;当预报降雨或洪水偏大时,可降低汛限水位最低至610.0 m,腾空库容,迎接洪水。 相似文献
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在水库实时调度过程中,汛限水位是其中一个重要环节,它直接关系到合理解决水库防洪的问题,并间接影响了水利工程的有效运行。以海子湾水库的除险加固工程为例,根据短期降雨和洪水预报信息,针对动态控制汛限水位进行了探讨研究。 相似文献
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在水库实时调度过程中,汛限水位是其中一个重要环节,它直接关系到合理解决水库防洪的问题,并间接影响了水利工程的有效运行.以海子湾水库的除险加固工程为例,根据短期降雨和洪水预报信息,针对动态控制汛限水位进行了探讨研究. 相似文献
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根据冗各电站地下厂房开挖支护的施工顺序,以隐式杆单元模拟锚杆,以壳单元模拟混凝土喷层,采用三维非线性有限元技术,对洞室群的开挖支护动态过程进行了模拟计算。通过三维非线性有限元计算分析得到:洞室群动态开挖过程中围岩应力变形的分布规律,围岩塑性区的发展规律,锚杆受力变化情况。计算结果表明:整个开挖过程中,洞周围岩位移变化规律正常,量值较小,塑性区主要分布在洞室周边,围岩稳定性较好;但在洞室交叉口处围岩的变形较大,出现较大范围的塑性区,在此基础上提出了支护措施优化方案,并对优化方案的效果进行了评价。 相似文献
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The relocation of unionacean mussels is commonly used as a conservation and management tool in large rivers and streams. Relocation has been used to recolonize areas where mussel populations have been eliminated by prior pollution events, to remove mussels from construction zones and to re-establish populations of endangered species. More recently, relocation has been used to protect native freshwater mussels from colonization by the exotic zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha. We conducted a literature review of mussel relocations and evaluated their relative success as a conservation and management strategy. We found that 43% of all relocations were conducted because of construction projects that were forced to comply with the Endangered Species Act 1973 and that only 16% were monitored for five or more consecutive years. Most (43%) relocation projects were conducted from July to September, presumably a period when reproductive stress is relatively low for most species and the metabolic rate is sufficient for reburrowing in the substrate. The mortality of relocated mussels was unreported in 27% of projects; reported mortality varied widely among projects and species and was difficult to assess. The mean mortality of relocated mussels was 49% based on an average recovery rate of 43%. There is little guidance on the methods for relocation or for monitoring the subsequent long-term status of relocated mussels. Based on this evaluation, research is needed to develop criteria for selecting a suitable relocation site and to establish appropriate methods and guidelines for conducting relocation projects. 相似文献
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Samples were taken year-round at eleven sites along the altitudinal profile (2900-1400 m a.s.l.) of the Gunnison River, a 329 km tributary of the Colorado River, to document the distribution of the Plecoptera and to evaluate responses to hypolimnial-release dams in the headwaters and middle reaches. Twenty-two species were present, with the greatest species richness occurring in an unregulated segment upstream of the middle reach dams; average nymphal biomass over the study period (175 organisms, 395 mg dry mass m?2) was also greatest in this segment. Only four species (58 organisms, 48 mg m?2) were present in the tailwaters of the headwater dam and values were greatly reduced (nine species; 35 organisms, 180 mg m?2) below the middle reach dams. The stonefly community recovered ca. 80 km downstream from the last dam (15 species; 244 organisms, 250 mg m?2), apparently in response to natural resetting of environmental conditions corresponding to those above the middle reach dams. At the most downstream site (11) only four species (four organisms, 16 mg m?2) were present. The observed distributional pattern is a classic serial discontinuity in response to hypolimnial stream regulation in a temperate latitude river. 相似文献
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In the lower River Murray, Australia, populations of gastropods have declined markedly over the past 40 years. Of the native fauna of about 18 species, only the ancylid Ferrissia petterdi remains common (but in patches), and another five species feature in sporadic local resurgences. Until recently the viviparid Notopala was thought to be extinct. The introduced physid Physa acuta is widespread, but in low numbers. The decline probably is associated with flow regulation, high turbidity and the introduction of common carp. Snail populations have persisted, however, in irrigation pipelines fed from the river, where they periodically cause blockages. This paper reports the discovery of the only known populaion of Notopala hanleyi in a pipeline where the inner wall accumulates microbial and other organic matter, providing high quality food for snails. In the Murray before regulation most of the periphytic biomass was probably microbial, as fluctuating water levels would have maintained littoral communities in a highly productive, early state of succession his postulated that, by stabilizing seasonal water levels, regulation has promoted the production of filamentous green algae, an inferior food source, and so displaced snail populations from the open aquatic environment. 相似文献
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V. K. Konovalov O. V. Yashkin V. V. Ermakov 《Power Technology and Engineering (formerly Hydrotechnical Construction)》2008,42(2):105-109
A system for removal and pneumatic transport of fly ash is examined, in which air pulses act on batches (pistons) of ash formed
in a duct. Studies are made of the effect of several physical parameters on the force required to displace a piston of ash
and these serve as a basis for choosing a system for removal and pneumatic transport of ash simultaneously from several hoppers
of an electric precipitator. This makes it possible to separate the ash particles according to size without introducing additional
components. Formulas are given for calculating the structural and dynamic parameters of this system and measurements of indirect
dynamic parameters are used to calculate the input-output characteristics of the system. In order to optimize the system,
configurations for summing several ducts into a single transport duct for pneumatic ash transport are proposed. Some variants
of dry ash utilization and the advantages of producing of size-separated particles are considered.
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Translated from élektricheskie Stantsii, No. 2, pp. 26–30 (2008). 相似文献
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Peter B. Bayley 《河流研究与利用》1991,6(2):75-86
The ‘flood pulse advantage’ is the amount by which fish yield per unit mean water area is increased by a natural, predictable flood pulse. Evidence for this increase is presented from tropical and temperate fisheries. It is argued that increasing multispecies fish yield by restoring the natural hydrological regime is consistent with increasing production of other trophic levels and with restoration from ecological and aesthetic viewpoints. When applied to a river-floodplain system, this restoration would provide a large, self-sustaining potential for recreation, commercial exploitation, and flood control. An interim ‘natural flood pulse’ restoration approach is proposed for systems modified for navigation. This approach approximates the natural hydrological regime in a river reach and is intended as a first step in the long process of restoring the watershed. 相似文献