Airtightness Testing of Two-?and Three-Unit Buildings with a Single Fan

This paper presents a method for the field measurement of airtightness for two-?and three-unit buildings using only one fan pressurization system, commonly referred to as a blower door. The main advantage of this single-fan method is its lower equipment and labor cost as compared with multiple-fan methods. Results from consecutive tests in the individual units are used to prepare a set of simultaneous equations for airflow, allowing for the calculation of the air leakage characteristics of both the interior partitions and the exterior envelope on a unit-per-unit basis. Tests were performed on four buildings using the single-fan method and were compared with those obtained with a two-fan method. Test results indicate that the single-fan method may be of value as an inexpensive method of estimating the airtightness of two-?and three-unit residential buildings.     

Genetic diagnoses of Chlamydia trachomatis--DNA probe and PCR method

Chlamydial infections such as male urethritis or female cervicitis, although not receiving as much attention as the AIDS epidemic, are on the increase around the world as sexually-transmitted diseases (STD). A number of diagnostic methods i.e., direct fluorescence antibody method and enzyme immunoassay (EIA) methods, have been developed for detecting Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis) infection, but they each have a defect in terms of sensitivity or specificity. Then, to overcome these disadvantages, the genetic diagnostic method such as DNA-RNA hybridization (DNA probe) method, PCR method and LCR method have been clinically introduced. In in vitro studies, the PCR method has higher sensitivity than the EIA method or DNA probe method. All genetic diagnostic methods have specificity superior over the EIA method. In clinical studies, the PCR method was the most useful for detection of C. trachomatis from various infectious lesions.     

Development of a new evacuation method for emergencies: Control of collective behavior by emergent small groups.

A new evacuation method for emergencies, the Follow Me method, in which each leader takes only one evacuee to an exit without gesturing or loudly directing many evacuees toward the exit, was compared, in two field experiments, with a traditional method, the Follow Directions method, in which each leader indicates the direction with a loud voice and vigorous gestures. Results showed that the Follow Me method was more effective when the leader-to-evacuee ratio was relatively small, such as 1:4, and less effective when the ratio was large, such as 1:8. Effective evacuation by the Follow Me method was shown to be caused by the drawing power of emergent small groups. Generating from around a leader, other evacuees rapidly formed a collective stream toward the exit. Small groups can be used as a lever in moving a larger collectivity in an emergency, as well as in activating a large formal organization. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

韶钢产供销物流链一体化创新管理

介绍韶钢产供销物流链创新管理的背景、思路、实施方案和效果,所采用的方法和内容可供同类型企业借鉴.     

ANSYS环境下基于离散变量的网架结构优化设计

以通用有限元分析软件ANSYS作为运行环境,将网架结构的杆件截面面积作为离散的设计变量,以网架结构的总质量为目标函数,同时考虑网架的强度、刚度、稳定性以及裁面尺寸等约束条件,采用一维搜索方法和改进的应力比法等优化方法,对网架结构进行了优化．工程实例计算表明:该优化算法原理简单,收敛速度快,能在保证安全的基础上降低工程造价,取得较好的优化设计结果．     

Mechanism of anticholinesterase action of cation-containing organophosphorus inhibitors

An immunohistochemistry method using formalin-fixed tissues, a direct immunofluorescence method using cryostat sections, an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and a PCR method were compared for diagnosis in a litter of weaned pigs that had been experimentally inoculated with wild-type porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) and killed between 6 and 60 h after onset of diarrhea. The immunohistochemistry method proved to be as reliable as direct immunofluorescence for diagnosis of PEDV in tissues collected postmortem. The good reliability of ELISA for investigating clinical samples was confirmed, whereas the PCR method used was ineffective.     

含铜金精矿选择性浸金研究

以山西某地含铜金精矿为研究对象,进行实验室试验和扩大试验,讨论分析了氨氰法、硫脲、硫代硫酸盐和分步浸取法的浸出条件和浸出效果。试验结果表明,对于金以非包裹形式存在的含铜金矿石,与硫脲法、硫代硫酸盐法、分步浸取法等选择性浸金方法相比,氨氰法具有浸出率高、试剂廉价、工艺简单等明显的优点。该方法与直接氰化相比,在金的浸出率达到92％的同时,大幅度地降低了氰化物耗量。根据实验室试验结果进行的扩大试验和半工业生产试验结果表明,氨氰法的工艺指标合理、稳定,是该含铜金矿石回收金的有效方法。     

Specificity and sensitivity of RHD genotyping methods by PCR-based DNA amplification

We have compared the sensitivity and specificity of four PCR methods of RHD gene detection using different sets of primers located in the regions of highest divergence between the RHD and RHCE genes, notably exon 10 (method I), exon 7 (method II), exon 4 (method III) and intron 4 (method IV). Methods I-III were the most sensitive and gave a detectable signal with D-pos/D-neg mixtures containing only 0.001% D-positive cells. Moreover, method II could detect the equivalent DNA amount present in only three nucleated cells in the assay without hybridization of PCR products, whereas the sensitivity of the other methods was 10-50 times less. Investigation of D variants indicated that false-negative results were obtained with method II (D(IVb) variant), method III (D(VI) and DFR variants) and method IV (D(VI) variants), but not method I. Weak D (D(u)) was correctly detected as D-positive by all methods, but most cases of Rh(null) appeared as false-positives, as they carry normal RH genes that are not phenotypically expressed. Some false-positive results were obtained with method I in a few Caucasian DNA samples serotyped as RhD-neg but carrying a C- or E-allele, whereas a high incidence of false-positives was found among non-Caucasian Rh-negative samples by all methods. In the Caucasian population, however, we found a full correlation between the predicted genotype and observed phenotype at birth of 92 infants. Although we routinely use the four methods for RHD genotyping, a PCR strategy based on at least two methods is recommended.     

Quick Method for Estimating Furrow Infiltration

This paper presents a simple and quick method for estimating furrow infiltration using a single advance point based on the volume balance equation. The furrow infiltration and water front advance along the furrow are assumed to follow the modified Kostiakov infiltration and power advance equations, respectively. The volume balance equation, including these equations, is simplified to a function containing two parameters, i.e., the exponents of power advance and Kostiakov infiltration equation (with a prior-known basic infiltration rate). These parameters are estimated by minimizing the function to zero using a quasi-Newton search algorithm, provided with Excel Solver. The estimated exponents are used to determine the Kostiakov infiltration parameters. The proposed one-point method is tested with seven independent furrow irrigation evaluation data sets and the estimated cumulative infiltration is compared with the observed counterparts. Performance of the proposed method was evaluated using the root-mean-square error and index of agreement (Ia). The results show that the proposed one-point method estimated cumulative infiltration is closer to the observed; the method performed as good as Valiantzas’ method. Shepard’s method did not perform well for the tested data sets. The algorithm and the results of the proposed method reveal that the proposed method can be used as a tool for quick estimation of furrow infiltration using a single advance point.     

铷的应用及提取工艺研究进展

近年来，由于铷优良的物理化学性能，铷不仅在电子器件、特种玻璃、医药等传统领域有着重要用途，而且在磁流体发电、离子推进发动机等新型能源科技领域也显现出无限的活力。铷主要存在于矿石和盐湖卤水资源中，从含铷矿石中提铷比较成熟的工艺主要有硫酸分解法和焙烧分解法，传统的矿石提铷工艺存在流程复杂、污染大、能耗高等问题，对实现“双碳”目标构成严峻考验。分析表明，溶剂萃取法和离子交换法在解决盐湖卤水等液态资源提铷方面更具有发展前景。盐湖卤水提铷工艺简单，能耗低，无矿石分解过程，避免了大量固体废渣的产生，环境友好。文中在分析各类含铷矿石以及盐湖卤水资源特点的基础上，简述了铷资源在各领域的用途，综合介绍了硫酸分解法、碳酸盐焙烧法、氯化焙烧法、溶剂萃取法以及离子交换法等关键提铷技术的工艺研究现状及优缺点，展望了清洁环保、高效提铷的发展方向。      

Changes in oxidative stress in the rat brain during post-cardiac arrest reperfusion, and the effect of treatment with the free radical scavenger idebenone

There is, as yet, no universally agreed upon method for the detection of spontaneous otoacoustic emissions (SOAEs). In this paper, we augment extant techniques by presenting a new automated approach. The new procedure reliably labels the spectral peaks as SOAEs, rejects noisy data such as that due to body movements or breathing, provides a subject-specific measure of the probability that a particular peak is erroneously identified as a SOAE, and can be accomplished on-line. Comparison of results with this new approach and with methods undertaken previously in this laboratory and elsewhere are made. The estimated prevalence of SOAEs for the new method is as large as that for any method previously proposed.     

Master Diagnostic Curve for Dispersion Coefficient of Soils

A master diagnostic curve (MDC) method is proposed for identifying the dispersion coefficient from observed breakthrough curve in soil–column experiments. The method uses matching of diagnostically plotted points to the MDC. Accurate identification of the dispersion coefficient is possible with a parallel shift of only one axis. Another advantage of the method is that the MDC is an invariant curve and once prepared, can be used for different data sets characterized by high Péclet number. The new method is simple, does not require large computations as in conventional least-squares approach, and yields a quick and accurate estimate of the dispersion coefficient. The new method does not require an initial guess for the dispersion coefficient. It can also yield a value of the dispersion coefficient from a single observed concentration. Although subjectivity is involved in matching, there is a transparent visual realization of the reliability of the estimated dispersion coefficient, and the points with substantial errors. The new method has several advantages over the least-squares approach and is suited for an advanced study on the subject. An estimate of the dispersion coefficient obtained using the new method is as good as obtained using a good optimization method.     

Erythema multiforme: a review of twenty cases

AIM: Evaluation of the clinical suitability of a new analytical method for the determination of bone mineral density (BMD) by means of SEQCT as well as a comparison with the established method. METHODS: In order to verify the stability of both systems, phantom measurements were performed on a lumbal spine torso as well as on 78 patients. 44 patients were examined by means of the established method and 34 according to the new method. Parallel measurements were possible in 15 patients. RESULTS: The phantom measurements proved a high stability of both methods. Regarding the absolute BMD the new method resulted in higher BMD values. This result was confirmed by parallel measurements in 15 patients. The new method demonstrated increased suitability due to less time consuming preparations. Dose reduced scan parameters could not be achieved in all patients, so that the time saving effect could not be considered. In these cases manual settings were required. CONCLUSION: A substitution of the established method for BMD measurement by means of SEQCT with the new method seems to be possible. However, the results will have to be corrected by the percentage of deviation from the default value of the quality phantom.     

Identification of a Distribution of Stiffness Reduction in Reinforced Concrete Slab Bridges Subjected to Moving Loads

The method for identifying arbitrary stiffness reduction in damaged reinforced concrete slab bridges under moving loads is proposed and dynamic signals measured at several points are used as response data to reflect the properties of the moving loads sensitivity. In particular, the change in stiffness in each element before and after damage, based on the system identification method, is described and discussed by using a modified bivariate Gaussian distribution function. The proposed method in this work is more feasible than the conventional element-based damage detection method from the computational efficiency because the procedure of finite-element analysis coupled with microgenetic algorithm using six unknown parameters irrespective of the number of elements are considered. The validity of the technique is numerically verified using a set of dynamic data obtained from a simulation of the actual bridge modeled with a three-dimensional solid element. The numerical calculations show that the proposed technique is a feasible and practical method that can prove the exact location of a damaged region as well as inspect the complex distribution of deteriorated stiffness, although there is a modeling error between actual bridge results and numerical model results as well as a measurement error like uncertain noise in the response data.     

The automated kinetic determination of enzyme activities and constituents of plants. 3. Determination of bromelain (author''s transl)

With bromelain as protease model a kinetic method, capable of automatization, is described for the assay of proteolytic activities. The method uses milk protein as a substrate. The volume of the test mixture is fixed to 1 ml; the readings are performed at 340 nm. With the bromelain preparation used (2 mAnson-U/mg) a linear decline of O.D. (deltaA/min) between 5 and 50 mug bromelain/ml is observed. Other proteases as well as protease inhibitors may be analyzed by the same method also.     

红外线吸收法测定V2O3中的碳

通过实验确定了与V2O3基体相近的钒铁标样作为V2O3中碳的分析计量传递标准。由红外吸收法、重量法、标准加入法三种方法分析对照，选择了红外吸收法作为V2O3中碳的分析方法。     

A Model Coupling Method for Shape Prediction

 The shape of strip is calculated by iterative method which combines strip plastic deformation model with rolls elastic deformation model through their calculation results, which can be called results coupling method. Because the shape and rolling force distribution are very sensitive to strip thickness transverse distribution′s variation, the iterative course is rather unstable and sometimes convergence cannot be achieved. In addition, the calculating speed of results coupling method is low, which restricts its usable range. To solve the problem, a new model coupling method is developed, which takes the force distribution between rolls, rolling force distribution and strip′s exit transverse displacement distribution as basic unknowns, and integrates strip plastic deformation model and rolls elastic deformation model as a unified linear equations through their internal relation, so the iterative calculation between the strip plastic deformation model and rolls elastic deformation model can be avoided. To prove the effectiveness of the model coupling method, two examples are calculated by results coupling method and model coupling method respectively. The results of front tension stress, back tension stress, strip′s exit gauge, the force between rolls and rolling force distribution calculated by model coupling method coincide very well with results coupling method. However the calculation course of model coupling method is more steady than results coupling method, and its calculating speed is about ten times as much as the maximal speed of results coupling method, which validates its practicability and reliability.     

中国岩金地采矿山采矿技术进展及研究方向

中国黄金矿床经历60多年开采之后,目前仍然以岩金开采为主,伴生金及砂金为辅,在岩金开采中,仍然以地下开采为主,露天开采为辅。在地下开采三大类采矿方法中,以浅眼留矿采矿法为主、全面和房柱采矿法为辅的空场采矿法到21世纪初期仍占60%以上,充填采矿法约占30%左右,其余是崩落采矿法和其他组合采矿法。详述了21世纪初期中国岩金地下开采工艺技术特点,探究了中国岩金地下开采采矿技术研究方向,供采矿同仁参考。     

A semiparametric method for describing noisy population pharmacokinetic data

We propose a semiparametric method to estimate model-independent pharmacokinetic (PK) measures such as area under concentration-time, peak concentration and time to peak concentration (Tpeak), for noisy population PK data from a sparsely sampled prospectively designed trial. The method is developed within the mixed-effect model framework, for the single-dose and steady-state case. We describe individual concentration vs. time using a longitudinal spline, consisting of a template spline, common to all individuals, and an individual-specific distortion spline accounting for individual differences. We impose a number of constraints on the longitudinal spline, including (i) it has a decreasing tail, (ii) its typical Tpeak is near the modal Tpeak observed in the population data, and (iii) its value is zero at time zero (single dose), or the same nonzero value at the beginning and end of a dosing interval (steady state). We test our method using simulated data and compare its performance to that of a parametric and a nonparametric method. An actual data example is also shown. The performance of the method is as good or better than that of a standard nonparametric method, and when the analysis model is misspecified, the method is superior to a standard parametric one. Since it is often not apparent that an analysis model is correct, we propose this approach as a general method for analysis.