基于生物质废弃物制备复合脱硫剂的研究

以生物质废弃物——稻草和核桃壳为原料,采用化学活化法制出活性炭,将制得的活性炭与铜盐溶液等体积浸渍,制备出复合铜基脱硫剂,并对其进行了H_2S吸附性能研究。研究表明:随着铜负载量和焙烧温度的提高,复合脱硫剂活性均呈现先上升后下降的趋势,其中以核桃壳活性炭制备出的复合脱硫剂活性优于稻草活性炭,当铜的负载量为20%、焙烧温度400℃、焙烧时间1h时,其H_2S的吸附时间可达160min;SEM、FT-IR和XRD结构分析显示,核桃壳复合脱硫剂的颗粒明显小于稻草炭脱硫剂,且铜在核桃壳炭表面主要以铜氧化物的形式存在,所以核桃壳活性炭更适宜作为铜脱硫剂的载体使用。     

磺化椰壳炭固体酸催化剂的制备及催化酯化反应研究

以海南椰壳纤维为原料,采用浸渍法活化、管式炉炭化等过程制备椰壳活性炭,然后以浓硫酸为磺化剂,磺化制备了具有多孔特征的椰壳炭固体酸。并对制得的椰壳炭固体酸进行了结构表征。通过乙酸和正丁醇的酯化反应,对催化剂的性能进行了测试,考察了催化剂制备过程中物料比、灼烧温度、炭化时间、磺化剂用量等因素对催化反应的影响。结果表明:在椰壳纤维原料与活化剂氢氧化钾的质量配合比为1∶1,炭化温度为450℃,炭化时间为2h,椰壳活性炭与磺化剂投量配合比为1g∶20mL,磺化时间为2h条件下,制得的磺化椰壳固体酸的催化性能最好,并在催化乙酸与正丁醇的酯化反应中2h转化率达到96.6%。     

椰壳制备液体分离用炭膜的研究

以海南椰壳为原料，经一次炭化、成型、再炭化，制得炭膜。研究了原料椰壳的热解特征，考察了炭膜制备工艺条件对炭膜分离性能的影响，并对炭膜用于细菌分离的过程进行了初步的探索。结果表明：椰壳热解在４５０℃左右已趋于完全，进一步提高温度有助于炭化物孔结构的改善。炭膜的分离性能与成型压力、粘结剂含量等工艺条件有关。所制炭膜的最大孔径范围为：０．５μｍ～１．０μｍ，分离过程属微滤。通过对水中细菌（０．５×１．５μｍ～１．８μｍ）分离实验结果表明：炭膜可有效截留细菌，且炭膜本身容易再生利用     

椰壳纤维炭磺酸的制备及其催化性能研究

以海南椰壳纤维为原料,采用减压热解炭化的方法制备椰壳纤维炭材料,以发烟硫酸作为磺化剂制备椰壳纤维炭磺酸。采用FTIR、DSC-TGA和SEM等分析手段对椰壳纤维炭磺酸进行结构及形貌表征,并将其用于催化合成乙酸乙酯反应研究。实验结果表明,成功制得椰壳纤维炭磺酸,其适宜的制备条件为:炭化温度300℃、炭化时间2 h、20%发烟硫酸作磺化剂、磺化时间3 h、磺化温度90℃、炭材料的质量与磺化剂的体积之比1∶32 g/mL。通过FTIR分析表明炭材料磺化后出现磺酸基团特征峰,通过DSC-TGA分析表明该酸中心在180℃以下稳定,通过SEM观察发现椰壳纤维炭磺酸材料表面具有大量密集网状孔洞,比表面积大,有利于催化反应进行。催化实验结果表明,在以椰壳纤维炭磺酸为催化剂合成乙酸乙酯反应中产率可达91.74%,椰壳纤维炭磺酸循环使用4次催化活性依然较高。     

介孔炭作为加氢脱硫催化剂载体材料的研究

以介孔硅SBA-15为模板,焦糖和呋喃醇为碳源,通过多种浇注法制备介孔炭材料.采用低温氮吸附、透射电镜和X射线小角衍射分析模板及介孔炭的织构.结果显示合成的介孔炭成功地复制了SBA-15的结构.以制备的介孔炭作载体担载钴钼合成了加氢脱硫催化剂,利用X射线能谱、透射电镜能量分布谱及一氧化氮化学吸附评估了催化剂的活性及活性点分布,结果表明介孔炭担载的催化剂活性高于活性炭担载的同类催化剂.     

活性碳吸附Au（CN）2^—机理研究

本文研究了椰壳炭,煤质炭吸附Au(CN)_2~-的性能,首次发现煤质炭比表面低于椰壳炭,其平衡吸附Au(CN)_2~-容量高于椰壳炭;用傅利叶变换漫反射红外光谱测定了活性炭化学结构;研究结果表明Au(ON)_2~-在活性炭上吸附是络合吸附,与活性炭芳环缩聚程度有关,芳环缩聚程度高,吸附Au(ON)_2~-容量大     

椰壳活性炭去除染料的应用研究

本文以农业废弃物椰壳为原材料,采用化学活化法制备生物炭-椰壳活性炭,利用椰壳活性炭作为吸附剂吸附去除水中阴离子染料刚果红和阳离子染料孔雀石绿,同时考察了不同因素对去除效果的影响以及最大吸附容量。结果表明:椰壳活性炭对刚果红和孔雀石绿都有很好的去除效果,去除率可达93.2%和96.5%,吸附容量可达228.1mg/g和258.6mg/g。     

醋酸乙烯载体竹活性炭的磷酸法制备与性能表征

以竹节为原料,采用磷酸法制备醋酸乙烯催化剂载体活性炭。采用N2吸附等温线、Boehm滴定法、热重-质谱仪(TG-MS)、傅里叶红外光谱仪(FT-IR)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM),对磷酸法竹活性炭和水蒸气法椰壳活性炭的吸附性能、比表面积、孔结构、表面官能团和微观结构进行比较。结果表明,竹活性炭的醋酸吸附性能、比表面积和孔隙结构与椰壳活性炭相近;且竹活性炭具有更丰富的—COO-、—OH-和PO、P—O—C和POOH等表面官能团。磷酸法竹活性炭的制备有望为醋酸乙烯催化剂载体活性炭的生产提供新工艺,实现对水蒸气法制备椰壳活性炭的替代。     

负载纳米氧化锌多孔碳吸附剂的制备及其结构研究

半导体纳米粒子光催化降解VOC是一种有效、经济的有机废气处理方法,本论文研究了纳米氧化锌改性的多孔碳材料的制备、结构及其对挥发性有机物的光催化分解性能.结果表明,可利用微乳液法合成并经高温煅烧得到负载于多孔碳材料上的纳米氧化锌.制备条件如反应物浓度、配比、沉淀剂种类等条件对产品的形貌、氧化锌纳米颗粒大小和负载量有明显的影响.负载纳米氧化锌微粒多孔炭吸附剂既保持了多孔炭材料的多孔性,又具有一定催化分解低浓度挥发性有机污染物的能力.     

快速积炭法制备形貌可控的中空纳米炭材料（英文）

介绍了一种大规模制备形貌可控的中空纳米炭材料的方法。该方法以金属氧化物为模板,利用乙苯分子在金属氧化物表面高温快速产生的积炭为炭源,除去模板后可以得到具有中空结构的纳米炭材料。该方法简单、高效、低成本,具有普适性,制备过程中不需要使用昂贵的表面活性剂为炭源。利用该方法,以实验室制备的氧化锌纳米棒和商业的氧化锌纳米球为模板,分别成功的制备出中空纳米炭管和中空的纳米炭球。该合成方法可以进一步推广到制备其它形貌的中空纳米炭材料并用于催化和能量储存等领域。     

Insertion of triangulated surfaces into a meccano tetrahedral discretization by means of mesh refinement and optimization procedures

In this paper, we present a new method for inserting several triangulated surfaces into an existing tetrahedral mesh generated by the meccano method. The result is a conformal mesh where each inserted surface is approximated by a set of faces of the final tetrahedral mesh. First, the tetrahedral mesh is refined around the inserted surfaces to capture their geometric features. Second, each immersed surface is approximated by a set of faces from the tetrahedral mesh. Third, following a novel approach, the nodes of the approximated surfaces are mapped to the corresponding immersed surface. Fourth, we untangle and smooth the mesh by optimizing a regularized shape distortion measure for tetrahedral elements in which we move all the nodes of the mesh, restricting the movement of the edge and surface nodes along the corresponding entity they belong to. The refining process allows approximating the immersed surface for any initial meccano tetrahedral mesh. Moreover, the proposed projection method avoids computational expensive geometric projections. Finally, the applied simultaneous untangling and smoothing process delivers a high‐quality mesh and ensures that the immersed surfaces are interpolated. Several examples are presented to assess the properties of the proposed method.     

Certification Institutions Expected to Update and Transfer Information on Present Standards

Standards are the basis for production enterprises to organize production, ex-factory inspection, trade (delivery) and technical exchanges, product certification, quality arbitration and supervision.……     

Flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases

A flow calorimeter for enthalpy increment measurements on condensed gases is presented. A better knowledge of the properties of the liquefied natural gas is needed, and therefore a liquid loop has been designed for our flow calorimeter. The fluid loop in the calorimeter is designed in order to avoid the two-phase region, since two phases would give compositional disturbances in the measurements. The avoidance of the two-phase region is made possible by increasing the pressure of the test fluid after the measurement section, then heating the fluid at super-critical pressure past the critical point. Finally, the fluid is throttled to the low-pressure gas state at the inlet condition of the compressor that circulates the fluid. To perform the pressure increase, a new cryogenic pump has been designed. To evaluate the new equipment, measurements were taken on liquid ethane over the temperature range 146–256 K at pressure between 0.9 and 5.1 MPa.     

Refrigerators Enter a New Era of Health Preservation Frestech initiates the establishment of China's first standard for household sterilization refrigerators

On November 30, 2007, the China Association for Standardization (CAS) held a press conference at Beijing Diaoyutai State Guest House. Leaders from the China Household Electric Appliance Research Institute, the China Household Electric Appliance Association, and the China Consumers' Association attended and made speeches.……     

Optimum-Simulation von Ernteprozessen

Zusammenfassung Bei der Gestaltung von Ernteprozessen — beispielsweise des Prozesses Mähdrusch, Körnertransport und -abnahme — als transportverbundene Fließarbeitsverfahren mit mindestens zwei verschiedenen Arbeitsmitteln gibt es einen großen Optimierungsspielraum. Solche Prozesse sind mehrstufige Bedienungsprozesse mit gemischter Anordnung der Bedienungseinrichtungen. Außerdem besitzen sie stark ausgeprägte räumliche Aspekte. Es wird vor allem gezeigt, welche Merkmale solcher Prozesse in Simulationsmodellen abgebildet sein müssen, welche Zielgrößen in Abhängigkeit von welchen Einflußgrößen unter Berücksichtigung welcher Prozeßbedingungen ermittelt werden sollten und wie der Bewertungsprozeß zur Ermittlung der gewünschten Informationen gestaltet werden muß.     

A study of centrifugal cast high boron high speed steel

In the present study a high‐boron high speed steel (HSS) roll material was designed. Many expensive alloy elements have been substituted by cheap boron alloy, and high‐boron high speed steel roll has been manufactured by centrifugal casting method. The microstructures, mechanical properties and wear resistance of centrifugal casting high‐boron high speed steel roll have been investigated by optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, hardness test, impact test and wear test. The results indicated that the solidification microstructures of high‐boron high speed steel roll consisted of M₂(B,C), (W,Mo)₂(B,C), M₃(B,C), M₂₃(B,C)₆ type borocarbides and martensite, a small amount of retained austenite. Borocarbides were continuously distributed over the grain boundary. After quenching from 1050 °C, local broken network appeared in partial borocarbides, and fine secondary borocarbide precipitated from the matrix. After tempering from 525 °C, the amount of precipitated borocarbide increased significantly. After heat treatment, the hardness of high‐boron high speed steel roll excelled 60 HRC, and its impact toughness excelled 8.0 J/cm². The single groove steel rolling amount of high‐boron high speed steel rolls increases by 500% than that of bainite cast iron roll, when the rolls are used in K₁ mill housing of bar mill.     

Thixotropy of Systems with Shear Thinning and Plastic Flow Behavior

The definition of the thixotropy is a decrease in viscosity with time in shear and a subsequent recovery of viscosity after the shear deformation is removed.We ...     

Brainstorming for ISO Strategy 2016-2020

正Responding to ISO’s appeal for survey for the to-be-developed ISO Strategy Plan for 2016-2020,SAC hosted a special workshop over the needs and comments of various fi elds on June 8 in Beijing.The workshop was attended by ISO President-elect and Ansteel General Manager Zhang Xiaogang,SAC Vice-Administrator Yu Xinli,and 30 experts from     

CNAS Passes APLAC's PTP Review

正The review group of Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation(APLAC)carried out a 4-day peer review of the proficiency testing provider(PTP)for China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment(CNAS)from July 28 to 31,2014.CNAS passed the PTP review with excellent performance.Two senior peer reviewers of APLAC made a comprehensive,rigorous and detailed review of CNAS’s PTP accreditation activities,and made the on-spot inspection of the review groups in Shanghai and Shenzhen respectively.