落锤试验的讨论

比较了用不同的撞击装置测试的炸药撞击感度和滑道试验的结果。试验结果表明,用１２型工具测试塑料粘结炸药的５０％爆炸特性落高以及用击柱、击柱套、底座组成的撞击装置测试以ＨＭＸ为基,含大量ＴＡＴＢ的炸药的爆炸概率,可预估这些炸药的滑道试验结果。     

超细HMX和RDX撞击感度的研究

利用爆炸概率法对超细奥克托今（ＨＭＸ）和黑索今（ＲＤＸ）的撞击感度进行了研究。试验结果表明：超细ＨＭＸ和ＲＤＸ的爆炸分数相比军用标准样品的值有较大幅度下降。文章分析了撞击感度降低的原因,并展望了超细炸药在高能量、低感度炸药研制中的重要意义。     

溶胶—凝胶法合成了BaAl2Si2O8超细粉末的研究

以Ｂａ（ＯＨ）２．８Ｈ２Ｏ，Ａｌ（ＮＯ３）３．９Ｈ２Ｏ，ＴＥＯＳ为原料，采用溶胶－凝胶法制备ＢａＯ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＳｉＯ２三元系粉末，研究了不同因素对生成稳定溶胶和胶化时间的影响，用ＴＧ－ＤＴＡ，ＸＲＤ研究了溶胶－凝胶的热处理过程，用ＴＥＭ观察了粉体的粒径。     

溶胶-凝胶法合成BaAl_2Si_2O_8超细粉末的研究

以Ｂａ（ＯＨ）２·８Ｈ２Ｏ，Ａｌ（ＮＯ３）３·９Ｈ２Ｏ，ＴＥＯＳ为原料，采用溶胶凝胶法制备ＢａＯＡｌ２Ｏ３ＳｉＯ２三元系粉末，研究了不同因素对生成稳定溶胶和胶化时间的影响，用ＴＧＤＴＡ、ＸＲＤ研究了溶胶凝胶的热处理过程，用ＴＥＭ观察了粉体的粒径。     

EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF KINETIC AND TRANSPORT PARAMETERS IN A WALL－COOLED FIXED－BED REACTOR

ＥＸＰＥＲＩＭＥＮＴＡＬＩＮＶＥＳＴＩＧＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＫＩＮＥＴＩＣＡＮＤＴＲＡＮＳＰＯＲＴＰＡＲＡＭＥＴＥＲＳＩＮＡＷＡＬＬ－ＣＯＯＬＥＤＦＩＸＥＤ－ＢＥＤＲＥＡＣＴＯＲＺｈｅｎ－ＭｉｎＣＨＥＮＧａｎｄＷｅｉ－ＫａｎｇＹＵＡＮ（ＵＮＩＬＡＢＲｅｓｅ...     

叠加定量气相色谱法测定吹苯残渣中的三苯含量

叠加定量气相色谱法测定吹苯残渣中的三苯含量王静华，王宏伟ＤＥＴＥＲＭＩＮＡＴＩＯＮＯＦＢＥＮＡＥＮＥ，ＴＯＬＵＥＮＢＡＮＤＸＹＬＥＮＥＩＮＢＬＯＷＩＮＧＢＥＮＺＥＮＥＲＥＸＩＤＵＥＢＹＡＤＤＲＲＩＯＮＱＵＡＮＴＴＴＡＴＩＶＥＭＥＴＨＯＤＯＦＧＡＳＣＨ...     

X射线光电子能谱在金属与炸药相互作用研究中的应用

用Ｘ射线光电子能谱（ＸＰＳ）研究了ＮＴＯ、ＲＤＸ、ＴＡＴＢ及两种塑料粘结炸药与紫铜间的相互作用。通过观察Ｃｕ２ｐ电子峰或炸药中某一原子的ＸＰＳ电子峰的特征位置、强度变化可以判断金属与接触材料间有无相互作用及作用的强弱。     

SBS／L／—PB／TEGDA（TMPTA）光敏体系的透光性和感光特性

本文在研究了ＳＢＳ／Ｌ／－ＰＢ／ＴＥＧＤＡ（ＴＭＰＴＡ）均相光敏体系对特定光源（低压汞灯，λ＝２５４ｎｍ）发射光吸收的基础上，按剩余膜产率（Ｙ）绘制出感光特性曲线（Ｙ－ｔ）确定出Ｙ随Ｌ－ＰＢ和ＴＥＧＤＡ（或ＴＭＰＴＡ）用量变化的规律，求算了优选体系的量子产率，以剩余膜产率和灰梯度尺法测定了上述体系的相对感度。     

复合钝感剂对梯黑铝炸药的钝感机理

为了降低梯黑铝类混合炸药的感度,采用微晶蜡、高分子预聚体、硝化纤维素等材料制成复合钝感剂,并将其加入到梯黑铝炸药中,测试了梯黑铝(THL90%/钝感剂10%)炸药的机械感度和抗过载安全性,初步探讨了复合钝感剂的钝感机理.结果表明,高分子预聚体PE、硝化纤维素对微晶蜡有较强的乳化作用,高分子预聚体、梯恩梯对硝化纤维素有熔胀与熔解作用.复合钝感剂的乳化作用是使炸药钝感的根本所在.钝感的梯黑铝炸药的摩擦感度为0,撞击感度为24%.     

黏结剂影响混合炸药低速撞击响应敏感性研究

为了研究黏结剂对炸药低速撞击响应的影响,采用自行研发的落锤式撞击感度装置对含不同黏结剂炸药的撞击感度进行了研究,对比了相同配比下含不同黏结剂药柱的响应敏感性,分析了不同黏结剂对炸药低速撞击响应的影响规律,研究了不同黏结剂的作用机理。结果表明,含增塑剂的黏结体系使炸药更加钝感,SA黏结剂对炸药低速撞击响应的钝感效果最好。     

Effect of Crystal Quality and Particle Size of HMX on the Creep Resistance for TATB/HMX Composites

Two kinds of reduced sensitivity high explosive 1,3,5,7‐tetranitro‐1,3,5,7‐tetrazocane (RS‐HMX) with different particle sizes were selected to enhance the energy output and the mechanical properties of insensitive high explosive 1,3,5‐triamino‐2,4,6‐trinitrobenzene (TATB). Mechanical sensitivities, dynamic mechanical analysis, and non‐linear time dependent creep behaviors of TATB/HMX composites were investigated and discussed in relation to the structural characteristics. Compared with TATB/conventional HMX (C‐HMX) sample, both the impact and friction sensitivities of TATB/RS‐HMX were reduced. It revealed that TATB/fine grains RS‐HMX composites had the highest storage modulus and minimum steady‐state creep strain rate due to the increased coherence strength and the inhibited slide of the single layer of TATB crystal. The creep resistance also showed clear dependence on the particle size of RS‐HMX. The overall results indicated that RS‐HMX had good potential in high energetic, safe, and load‐bearing material applications.     

TATB/HMX共晶炸药的制备及性能研究

采用溶剂/非溶剂法,在超声辅助的情况下,制备了TATB/HMX共晶炸药;探究了TATB/HMX共晶技术的影响因素;计算了TATB/HMX共晶炸药的理论密度和理论爆速;采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和差示扫描热量法(DSC)对其进行表征和热分析,并测试了其撞击感度。结果表明,制备TATB/HMX共晶的最佳工艺条件为:以[Emim]Ac/DMSO为复合溶剂,TATB和HMX投料比(摩尔比)为3∶7,温度为80℃,搅拌速率为500r/min;与原料相比,TATB/HMX共晶分子在结构上发生改变;TATB/HMX共晶炸药颗粒大小约为2μm,形貌为六边形晶体;共晶炸药的热安定性优于原料HMX,其特性落高比原料HMX高74cm,撞击感度明显降低;理论密度为1.891g/cm~3,理论爆速为8.758km/s,表明其爆炸性能良好。     

Low-Sensitivity Explosive Compounds for Low Vulnerability Warheads

Looking for explosives for Low Vulnerability Ammunitions leads to an interest in explosive molecules less sensitive than the usual nitramines (RDX, HMX). If TATB is quite convenient in terms of sensitivity, its performance is too low. The researches described here are related to synthesis and use of NTO (nitrotriazolone), another insensitive molecule. The synthesis by nitration of TO (triazolone) is easy and the two steps from available starting materials have been optimized. A comparison of desensitivation of PBX either by TATB or by NTO have been made. The sensitivity levels were found equivalent while the detonation velocity of the NTO based PBX was slightly higher. Unfortunately in this case, the failure diameter would be larger. The last part relates to an extensive characterization in terms of performance and vulnerability to fast cook off, slow cook off, bullet impact, shock sensitivity and sympathetic detonation of a NTO and HMX based PBX. This PBX, B 2214, was one of the first examples of explosive composition showing no sympathetic detonation, even in 248 mm large diameter.     

钝感复合装药结构枪击试验尺寸效应的数值模拟

利用有限元软件AUTODYN对钝感复合装药药柱进行枪击感度数值模拟。结果表明,外层采用TATB钝感炸药,内层采用PBX-9404高能炸药的复合装药结构既可减小炸药的枪击感度,又能得到比单一钝感炸药高的能量输出。通过分析装药结构的尺寸效应,得到装药结构与枪击感度的对应规律。     

Initiation of detonation in explosives on an U-70 proton accelerator

Detonation initiation in a composite explosive based on HMX and TATB loaded by a divergent shock wave was studied on a U-70 proton accelerator using proton radiography. Density distributions behind the initiating shock front at various times were obtained. Detonation failure due to collision of shock and detonation waves was studied for a plastic-bonded TATB sample using radiography. Characteristic features of the explosive transformation under shock-wave loading were determined from the images obtained.     

原位合成钝感混合炸药HMX/TATB

利用超声波法制备单质炸药TATB,用高频率超声波反应器,采用原位合成方法制备了钝感HMX/TATB混合炸药.讨论了反应时间、反应温度以及料比对合成TATB的影响.测试了混合炸药的压制成型性和耐热性能.结果表明,超声波法合成的TATB粒度为5～6μm,混合炸药中TATB的质量分数小于15%,降感效果明显,耐热性能良好;使...     

多硝基吡啶类化合物的合成及应用研究进展

综述了2,6-二氨基-3,5-二硝基吡啶(ANPy)及其氧化物(ANPyO)、2,4,6-三氨基-3,5-二硝基吡啶(TANPy)及其氧化物(TANPyO)、2,4,6-三硝基吡啶(TNPy)及其氧化物(TNPyO)等多硝基吡啶类含能化合物的合成及应用研究进展。ANPyO的爆轰性能和安全性能与三氨基三硝基苯(TATB)接近,可作为高能钝感炸药;理论预测TANPy比TATB钝感;TNPyO具有良好的热稳定性和化学稳定性。预计这些多硝基吡啶类含能化合物在钝感炸药、低易损发射药和钝感推进剂领域中有良好的应用前景。     

Stabilization of Nitro‐Aromatics

For a variety of reasons, including U.S. Federal law and improved safety, it is desirable to have insensitive munitions (IM). Although a variety of methods are available to reduce the sensitivity of munitions only changes to the high explosive (HE) itself result in increased safety during storage, transportation, handling, and deployment. As a result of this IM are almost always filled with fire resistant, shock resistant insensitive HE such as triaminotrinitrobenzene (TATB). The high cost of TATB has limited its use. In this study we examine 28 nitro‐aromatics, including TATB and five previously unpublished structures, in the solid state in order to identify forces that stabilize the HE. We show that the sum of forces involved in crystal packing (i.e. the estimated energy of stabilization) has a direct relationship to the observed sensitivity of nitro‐aromatic explosives.     

Preparation and Properties Study of Core‐Shell CL‐20/TATB Composites

The insensitive high explosive 1,3,5‐triamino‐2,4,6‐trinitrobenzene (TATB) was selected for coating and desensitization of hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane (CL‐20), another high explosive, after surface modification. About 2 wt‐% polymer binder was adopted in the preparation process to further maintain the coating strength and fill the voids among energetic particles. The structure, sensitivity, polymorph properties, and thermal behavior of CL‐20/TATB by coating and physical mixing were studied. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results indicate that submicrometer‐sized TATB was compactly coated onto the CL‐20 surface with coverage close to 100 %. The core‐shell structure of CL‐20/TATB was confirmed by observation of hollow TATB shell from the CL‐20 core dissolved sample. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis revealed that the polymorph of CL‐20 maintained ε form during the whole preparing process. Thermal properties were studied by thermogravimetry (TG) and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), showing effects of TATB coating on the polymorph thermal stability and exothermic decomposition of CL‐20. Both the impact and friction sensitivities were markedly reduced due to the cushioning and lubricating effects of TATB shell. The preparation of explosive composites with core‐shell structure provides an efficient route for the desensitization of high explosives, such as CL‐20 in this study.     

Investigation of shock detonation of TATB using proton radiography

The initiation of detonation of plasticized TATB by shock loading using an initiator pressure charge of an HMX based explosive was studied by radiography. In the experiments, the size of the initiator and the initial density of the TATB charge were varied. During initiation of TATB detonation, part of the material did not react, forming so-called dark zones. As the process goes on, the detonation wave bends around the dark zones, without initiating the material within them. The evolution of the area of dark zones was compared for samples of different initial density and initiators of different sizes. The characteristic boundaries and X−t diagrams of detonation front propagation under different loading conditions were constructed from images of the explosive process. Density distributions behind a divergent detonation wave front at different times were obtained and analyzed.