含链烯基或烷基羧基磺酸盐的非离子型液体洗涤剂

含链烯基或烷基羧基磺酸盐的非离子型液体洗涤剂本文提供的是一种以非离子表面活性剂为主的液体洗涤剂。它具有稳定、均匀、可生物降解和低泡等性能，其主要组成为：（ａ）２０％～３０％非离子表面活性剂，如脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚表面活性剂和烷基酚聚氧乙烯酸表面活性剂，其...     

表面活性剂合成的某些进展

一、前言目前，洗涤剂配方中所使用的表面活性剂主要有直链烷基苯磺酸盐（LAS）、脂肪醇硫酸盐（AS）、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸盐（AES）、α-烯基磷酸盐（AOS）、仲烷基磺酸盐（SAS），以及烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚和脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚（N1）。这些都是所谓直接连接型的活性剂。随着科学技术的发展和对三聚磷酸五钠的限制，近年又出现一些新型表面活性剂用作无磷或少磷洗涤剂的活性组份。借助不同连接体构成的各种间接连接型表面活性剂具有特殊的功能，而有一定意义。例如，甲苯二异氰酸酯（TD1）作为连接体，它的一个异氰酸酯基连有过氟烷基，而另一个则由亲水基使之成为一个暂时性基团。当它同棉布接触时，这个暂时性基团便行脱离，同纤     

烷基苯基聚氧乙烯醚磺酸盐

烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚类化合物是一种性能优良的非离子表面活性剂。其改性品种（主要作为阴离子表面活性剂）具有优良的应用性能而受到重视。我国从８０年代开始对烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚方面的研究,从原料生产到合成研究方面都有了很大进展［１～４］。但在烷基酚（主要是壬基酚）...     

一种环保型乳化剂复配体系的研究

研究了淀粉糖苷非离子表面活性剂与脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚硫酸酯钠盐阴离子型表面活性剂、脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚非离子表面活性剂的混合体系的乳化力的变化规律,找出复配体系的最佳配方,将其乳化性与常用的烷基酚聚氧乙烯(10)醚进行比较。结果表明,复配后的体系有较低的表面张力,对菜油的乳化性与烷基酚聚氧乙烯(10)醚相当,对变压器油的乳化性优于烷基酚聚氧乙烯(10)醚。且该体系浊点高,泡沫稳定,乳化性能好。     

丙烯酸酯与丙烯酰胺共聚物表面活性剂的合成

研究了烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚丙烯酸酯活性大单体的合成。以ＤＭＦ为溶剂,过氧化物为引发剂,烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚丙烯酸酯（ＡＥ）、丙烯酰胺（ＡＭ）和丙烯酸异辛酯（ＭＧ）共聚,得到了三元共聚物（ＡＥＡＭＭＧ）高分子表面活性剂,探讨了单体组成、引发剂和溶剂用量、反应温度对共聚物表面活性和粘度的影响。结果表明,ＡＥＡＭＭＧ共聚物表面高,增粘能力强,１％共聚物水溶液的表面张力低达３２．４ｍＮ／ｍ,油水界面张力小于１ｍＮ     

辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚合成与应用

表面活性剂素有“工业味精”之称,其发展趋势相当可观,尤其是非离子表面活性剂品种多、应用广,在世界上其产量与阴离子表面活性剂的产量相当,约占整个表面活性剂产量的40％,在北美和西欧其消费量占表面活性剂总消费量的30％。烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚为非离子表面活性剂,通常使用的烷基为辛烷或壬烷。烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚曾大量用于洗涤剂配方中,因生物降解性差,在西方一些国家用量有所减少,而多使用脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚。但在去污力和乳化力方面酚具有醇醚不     

脂肪醇与烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚的改性研究

用脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚和烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚与琥珀酸酐进行半酯化反应,合成二种新型混合离子型表面活性剂——壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚琥珀酸单酯(MPOENPS)和壬氧基聚氧乙烯琥珀酸单酯(MPOENS)。考察了在不同摩尔比条件下合成产物的表面活性,     

聚烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚型表面活性剂的表面性能分析

合成了一系列不同聚合度的聚烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚(HHL)型非离子表面活性剂。通过红外光谱,核磁共振等仪器对其结构进行表征,用表面张力法对不同聚合度的合成产物的表面性能进行研究,并对不同聚合度的表面活性剂的物理化学参数进行理论分析。结果表明:三聚烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚型非离子表面活性剂较相应单体的烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚表面活性剂,表面活性和吸附能力有较大的提升。     

二种非离子表面活性剂对钢模除锈剂缓蚀效果的影响

本实验采用正交试验方法,考察了二种非离子表面活性剂脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚（AEO）和烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚（TX-10）对钢模除锈剂缓蚀效果的单一影响及交互作用。实验结果显示,AEO对缓蚀效果的单一影响远不及TX-10,AEO和TX-10不存在交互作用。说明在钢模除锈剂配方中,用TX-10替代原先使用的AEO是可行的,缓蚀效果由原来的97.0%提高到98.8%。     

天女化工表面活性剂项目正式投产

10月22日,天津天女化工集团股份有限公司投资兴建的年产5万吨绿色非离子表面活性剂项目正式投产。中国洗涤用品工业协会郑舞虹理事长应邀出席其投产仪式。该表面活性剂项目包括国外引进的全套聚氧乙烯醚型表面活性剂环路反应装置生产线和两套国内一流生产线装置。新装置可生产包括脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚系列、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚系列、聚氧乙烯蓖麻油系列、聚乙二醇系列、渗透剂系列等15个系列、100多个品种。     

羟丙基Gemini表面活性剂的合成及其性能研究

合成了联结基团为含羟基亚甲基链的季铵盐Gemini表面活性剂,用红外光谱、熔点测定及元素分析对它们的结构进行了鉴定,并对影响反应的因素进行了讨论,得出了合成BQADC12的最佳条件为:n(十二叔胺)∶n(1,3-二氯丙醇)=2.1∶1.0,以正丙醇为溶剂,在回流温度下反应6 h,产率可达89.8%以上。实验还对合成的表面活性剂(BQADC12、BQADC14、BQADC18)的性能进行了表征。在25℃下,BQADC12、BQADC14、BQADC18的γcmc分别为30.9,34.7,39.4 mN/m,CMC分别为5.2×10-4,1.1×10-4,4.5×10-5mol/L。合成产品显示出优良的乳化、泡沫和泡沫稳定性等应用性能。     

脱氢枞胺改性硅橡胶复合材料的制备及性能研究

以脱氢枞酸为原料采用衍生化反应合成了脱氢枞胺（DA）并通过FT-IR、MS和¹H NMR等手段对产物结构进行表征,分析表明确定合成了脱氢枞胺。以聚硅氧烷、白炭黑和脱氢枞胺等为原料,采用缩合反应合成了脱氢枞胺改性硅橡胶,并研究了脱氢枞胺添加量对硅橡胶性能的影响。研究发现随着脱氢枞胺添加量的增加改性硅橡胶的形貌越来越粗糙,密度、硬度相应提升,表干时间加快。此外,改性硅橡胶的力学性能和热稳定性随着脱氢枞胺添加量增加先升高后降低,当脱氢枞胺添加量为5%时,改性硅橡胶拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、失重10%所对应的温度和最大失重速率温度分别为0.57MPa、170%、373 ℃、583 ℃。     

季铵盐类表面活性剂的生物降解性与其结构的关系

引　言季铵盐是一类阳离子表面活性剂 ,2 0世纪以来已越来越多地应用于工业和日用品中 .随着表面活性剂工业的发展 ,该系列化合物不断开发出新用途 ,在许多行业和领域发挥了重要作用 ,例如在轻工、纺织助剂、石油化学品、卫生用品添加剂等领域用作抗静电剂、柔软剂、腐蚀抑制剂     

Reaction between Zinc and Hydrochloric Acid in Solutions Containing Alkyltrimethylammonium Bromide CnTAB (n = 8, 10, and 12) Cationic Surfactants: Influence of Surfactant Chain Length

The influence of C_nTAB cationic surfactant chain length (n = 8, 10, and 12) on the reaction rate of zinc powder and 0.1 M HCl hydrochloric acid in aqueous solutions was determined at room temperature. Solutions of single surfactants consisting of dodecyl, decyl, and octyl-trimethyl-ammonium bromide surfactants C_nTAB were prepared at room temperature. From the surface tension and conductivity measurements, the critical micelle concentration (CMC) values of the three surfactants were obtained in the presence and absence of the acid. No significant change was observed for CMC values in pure water and in 0.01 M HCl. Adsorption of C_nTAB surfactants onto 1% wt./vol zinc (in powder form), using surface tension measurements, was then investigated. The adsorption tendency of C_nTAB surfactants onto zinc powder followed the order: C₈TAB > C₁₀TAB > C₁₂TAB. The role of surfactants in the reaction rate between zinc powder and 0.1 M M HCl was then investigated using conductivity measurements. A significant difference in the reaction rate was found depending on the surfactant chain length. Reaction times of 3830, 4963, 14,172, and 20,053 s were found for the zinc reaction with (0.1 M HCl), (0.1 M HCl + 40 mM C₈TAB), (0.1 M HCl + 40 mM C₁₀TAB), and (0.1 M HCl + 40 mM C₁₂TAB), respectively, suggesting a significant dependency of the reaction rate on the C_nTAB chain length. Finally, some corrosion parameters such as the corrosion rate, corrosion inhibition efficiency, and their dependency on C_nTAB chain length were presented and discussed.     

MnO2添加剂对镍铁尖晶石基惰性阳极耐腐蚀性的影响

以氧化物NiO和Fe2O3为原料,添加氧化物MnO2,采用高温固相烧结法制备了NiFe2O4基惰性阳极材料,采用失重法测量了阳极试样的静态热腐蚀速率,并对其腐蚀机理进行了初步探讨. 实验结果表明,添加2%(ω) MnO2粉末的惰性阳极试样的静态热腐蚀速率最低. 由于掺杂的MnO2在晶界处富集,熔盐对晶粒的腐蚀首先在晶界处发生反应生成Mn2AlO4相,而Mn2AlO4相结构致密,冰晶石熔盐通过该相向NiFe2O4尖晶石晶粒内扩散速度减慢,从而降低了腐蚀速率.     

Effect of mesoporosity against the deactivation of MFI zeolite catalyst during the methanol-to-hydrocarbon conversion process

The effects of mesoporosity on catalyst longevity of methanol-to-hydrocarbon (MTH) reactions have been investigated using a number of MFI zeolites with different degrees of mesoporosity, which were obtained via the post-synthetic desilication, dry-gel conversion in nanocarbon templates, and hydrothermal synthesis with the addition of organosilane surfactants. The MTH catalytic lifetime could be increased by more than three times due to the generation of mesopores. The cause for catalyst longevity was investigated by probing the location of coke that formed during the reaction using argon adsorption measurements. The result showed that the coke formed mainly on mesopore walls in the case of mesoporous zeolite. On the other hand, the coke was more heavily deposited inside micropores in the case of solely microporous zeolites. The short diffusion path lengths and hence facile diffusion of coke precursors were most likely the cause of the improvement in the catalytic lifetime.     

阴离子、非离子表面活性剂的复配及在35%嘧菌酯悬浮剂中的应用研究

应用复配表面活性剂协同增效理论,对35%嘧菌酯悬浮剂的润湿分散剂进行筛选。结果表明:单十二烷基磷酸钾与NP-10间具有强烈的协同增效作用。使用单十二烷基磷酸钾与NP-10复配表面活性剂制备的35%嘧菌酯悬浮剂,热贮后在标准硬水中悬浮率达到96.5%,在3倍硬水中悬浮率达到90.1%,未出现析水分层现象,分解率仅为0.72%。较单一表面活性剂制备的35%嘧菌酯悬浮剂,产品性能有明显提高。复配表面活性剂的协同增效作用有利于提高35%嘧菌酯悬浮剂的稳定性。     

表面活性剂对木薯秆酶水解的影响

采用纤维素酶促水解的方法,以木薯秆为底物,研究了5种表面活性剂(SDS、Tween 20、Tween 80、Triton x-100、Triton x-114)及其用量对木薯秆酶水解得率的影响。结果表明,除SDS外,其他4种表面活性剂对木薯秆酶水解有不同程度的促进作用,Tween 20的效果最为显著。添加2.5 g/L的Tween 20水解72 h和5.0 g/L的Triton x-114水解60 h,酶水解得率分别达到了49.23%、49.48%,比空白样提高了33.45%和34.13%。     

A Simplified Methodology to Measure the Characteristic Curvature (Cc) of Alkyl Ethoxylate Nonionic Surfactants

This work introduces a simplified methodology for measuring the characteristic curvature (Cc) of commercial alkyl ethoxylate nonionic surfactants using carefully selected reference surfactants and oils that produce rapid and well defined separations in salinity scans. The Cc of the commercial reference surfactants was calculated using optimal salinities (S*) obtained from solubilization parameter curves, from interfacial tensions (for a selected system), and from emulsion stability tests. The latter provided a fast detection of S*, in a matter of minutes. The calibrated Cc of the reference surfactants was subsequently used to measure the Cc of various commercial alkyl ethoxylate surfactants. The combination of mixtures of test and reference surfactants and emulsion stability tests produced reproducible Cc values that could be obtained with simple bottle tests and in a timely manner. The values obtained using this methodology were cross‐checked, and proved to be consistent, when using different combinations of reference surfactants and oils, and when conducted by different individuals. The standard deviation of Cc from these measurements was typically ±0.2 Cc units, but it could be as large as 25 % of the Cc value for highly hydrophilic surfactants. After comparing the values of Cc obtained experimentally with values calculated from nominal structures (via a group contribution model) it became clear that there are differences between these values, likely because of the polydispersity of alkyl ethoxylate surfactants.     

沉淀法制备超细碳酸钙

在沉淀法制备超细碳酸钙过程中,通过加入表面活性剂抑制晶核成长。讨论了表面活性剂的质量浓度、类型及物料的混合方式对碳酸钙超细粒子平均粒径、标准方差等的影响,并对其作用机理进行了分析。