Textural Characterization of Activated Carbons Prepared from Oil-palm Stones Pre-treated with Various Impregnating Agents

Activated carbons with relatively high densities and well-developed porosities were prepared from oil-palm stones which were pre-treated with different types of impregnating agents (ZnCl₂, H₃PO₄ or KOH). The benefits derived from impregnation in terms of higher BET surface areas were generally in the following order: 20% ZnCl₂ > 40% H₃PO₄ > 10% KOH. The textural properties such as density and total porosity, overall yield, BET and micropore surface areas and pore size distributions of the activated carbon were related to the concentration of the impregnating solution and the activation conditions (activation temperature and hold time). For the highest BET surface area obtained in this study, the optimum conditions for CO₂ activation were found to be at an activation temperature of 750°C for 1 hour from oil-palm stones pre-treated with 20% ZnCl₂ for 24 hours. Pore size distribution suggests the application of oil-palm-stone activated carbons as gas-phase adsorbents for air pollution control.     

The preparation of activated carbons from chips of oil palm trunk catalysed by ZnCl2/CO2: Surface area and porosity studies

Activated carbons were prepared by ZnCl₂/CO₂ activation of the chips of oil trunk. The surface area and the nature of the porosity of the resulting activated carbons were found to be related to the concentration of the impergnated zinc solution to the precursor. It is possible to prepare activated carbons with a fairly high surface area (more than 2000 m² g^?1) from chips of oil palm trunk.     

两步法制备椰壳基微孔活性炭

A novel two-step procedure was used to manufacture microporous activated carbon from raw coconut shell. In this process, the raw coconut shell was （1） heated in an inert environment to temperatures between 450℃ and 850℃, and reacted with oxygen （ PO2=1.1-5.3kPa） for some time, and （2） heated again in inert environment to activation temperature（850℃） to produce an activated carbon. Activated carbons with specific surface area greater than 700m^2.g^-1 were manufactured with a yield between 24% and 28%. It was shown that the carbon had a narrow distribution of pore size, possibly less than lnm, which was calculated by a simple method based on local density function theory.     

活性炭制作研究进展

活性炭的研究非常活跃。原料的广泛性，工艺的先进性，产品性能的特殊性都受到活性炭使用者的广泛关注，特综述了近年来活性炭研制进展概况并对活性炭的研制作展望。     

活性炭电极电容法脱盐性能的研究

研究了活性炭用于电容法脱盐时的电化学性能。用恒压充放电方法研究了操作电压对活性炭电吸附性能的影响,比较了活性炭对不同金属离子的电吸附性能,初步研究了活性炭物性参数与其电吸附性能的关系。结果表明,操作电压与活性炭电吸附容量呈线性关系(0.6~1.2 V),活性炭电极经恒压充放电循环后动态电吸附容量有一定的衰减,这可能与活性炭的表面官能团有关;4种活性炭对质量分数0.1%的碱金属和碱土金属氯化物吸附性能的比较发现,702#活性炭综合性能最好,对于KC l的吸附容量达27.9 mg/g,对NaC l的吸附容量达19.0 mg/g,对于MgC l2的吸附容量达17.0 mg/g;离子特性影响活性炭的电吸附性能;活性炭的比表面积和孔结构是影响活性炭电吸附性能的两个关键因素,比表面积较大、中孔较丰富的活性炭其电吸附性能更好。     

采用压块工艺试制煤质颗粒活性炭

采用六个原煤样品和一种硬煤沥青制成一系列压块活性炭试样,分析了它们的常规吸附性能以及孔结构,并与美国产CalgonF400和日本产Mitsui008活性炭样品做了对比分析,结果表明,用神府长焰煤、山西主焦煤和硬煤沥青制成的YK-4活性炭试样的各项性能,尤其是孔结构,已达到CalgonF400商用炭水平。     

微波加热水蒸气活化再生乙酸乙烯用废活性炭的研究

提出了用微波辐射加热水蒸气活化法再生乙酸乙烯用废活性炭的新工艺.采用正交实验确定最佳工艺条件为:微波功率700 W、活化时间40 min、水蒸气流量2.1 g·min-1.在此条件下制得的活性炭碘吸附值为1193.85 mg·g-1、亚甲基蓝吸附值为19 mL·(0.1 g)-1、得率为65.36%.对活性炭的微孔分布和全孔分布进行了研究,活性炭比表面积为1547.47 m2·g-1、总孔容为0.8 mL·g-1.     

几种干果核壳活性炭的表征与性能比较

以南疆地区盛产的巴旦杏核壳、核桃壳和白杏核壳为原料,采用微波辐照磷酸法分别制备了巴旦杏核壳活性炭（BAC）、核桃壳活性炭（HAC）和白杏核壳活性炭（XAC）,干果核壳基质活性炭的制备工艺：10 g干果核壳以固液比1：3（g：mL）浸渍40%磷酸24 h,微波功率640 W,活化时间16 min。采用物理吸附仪、扫描电镜（SEM）、傅里叶红外光谱（FT-IR）、X射线衍射（XRD）等表征方法比较研究了不同种类干果核壳活性炭性能差异。结果表明：巴旦杏核壳、核桃壳和白杏核壳活性炭的热分解过程、残留基团基本一致,活性炭晶型均以非晶态为主。3类干果核壳活性炭表面分布着大量孔洞,且孔洞主要为0.4~1.2 nm的微孔和3~6 nm的中孔。其中,白杏核壳活性炭的性能最优,BET比表面积达981.5 m²/g,总孔容达0.570 cm³/g,亚甲基蓝吸附值达269.6 mg/g,碘吸附值达1 162.8 mg/g。     

陶瓷基活性炭活化条件对其性能影响

以酚醛树脂为原料,泡沫陶瓷为载体,经过浸渍、固化、炭化后,采用一种复合的活化方法-KOH浸渍加水蒸气括化的复合活化法,制备表薤积较大的酚醛树脂基活性炭。并采用正交试验法考察制备工艺中了活化温度、滔化时间下对所制得得酚醛基活性炭烧失率、碘吸附值、比表面积及其孔结构的影响。结果表明,在活化温度850℃,活化时间80min条件下,可制得比表面积1197m^2/g,中空容0．369cm^3／g,孔径2．57nm的酚醛树脂基活性炭。     

农林废弃物制备活性炭的化学方法

综述了三种化学活化法制备活性炭的方法及其效果,并分析了化学活化法的优缺点,为今后制备活性炭提供了参考。     

脱气预处理条件对木质活性炭比表面积和孔容积分析结果影响初探

在测定木质活性炭比表面积和孔容积前,先对活性炭进行脱气预处理,研究预处理条件(脱气温度和脱气时间)对活性炭的比表面积和孔容积的影响,并将所测结果与仪器推荐条件下所测结果进行对比分析。研究结果表明：脱气温度和脱气时间对于物理法木质活性炭比表面积和孔容积分析结果影响较小,这是因为物理法活性炭制备温度高,官能团少,结构以微孔为主,吸附类型以物理吸附为主,吸脱附速度较快。物理法活性炭预处理条件以脱气温度150℃脱气3 h为宜,相较于ASAP 2460使用说明所推荐的350℃和24 h的预处理条件,明显缩短预处理时间,降低电耗,提高了检测效率。脱气温度和脱气时间对化学法木质活性炭比表面积和微孔分析结果影响较大,适宜的预处理条件为300℃脱附12 h。主要是因为磷酸法活性炭制备温度较低,杂原子较多,表面化学基团丰富,发生物理吸附的同时易发生化学吸附,需要较高的温度和较长的时间才能脱气完全,当脱气温度过高时,孔道内的吸附质发生炭化形成炭质微粒堵塞孔道,同时部分物理吸附在更高的活化能下转化为化学吸附,使分析结果有所下降。     

超级电容器用活性炭电极材料研究进展

综述了超级电容器及其最常用的电极材料-活性炭材料。介绍了活性炭电极超级电容器的工作原理,总结了物理活化、化学活化以及物理-化学联合活化等制备活性炭电极材料的方法,并指出了各种方法的优点及存在的问题。重点阐述了活性炭材料的比表面积、孔径分布及表面官能团等影响因素对超级电容器电化学性能的影响,最后对活性炭电极材料的未来发展方向进行了展望。     

由竹脚手架制备的活性炭经化学修饰后的表征(英文)

In this study,bamboo scaffolding was used to produce activated carbon by carbonization at 600 ℃ and 900 ℃ with the purge of nitrogen.The 600 ℃ char was then further modified chemically by acids and alkalis by reflux for 6 hours.The produced chars were then characterized by nitrogen adsorption isotherm,He pyncometry,pH,elemental analysis and Boehm titration.For most of the chemically modified carbons,the micropore surface areas and volumes have increased compared with the 600 ℃ char,while the mesopore surface areas and volumes slightly decreased,which may have been due to the dissolving of some of the permeated inorganic matter and oxidizing deposited carbon that blocks the pore openings.For the acidic modified carbons,larger amounts of acidic groups were present in the carbons after being activated by phosphoric acid,phosphoric acid further treated with 2 mol·L-1 nitric acid,and calcium hydroxide.Although carbon treated with 2 mol·L-1 and 5 mol·L-1 nitric acid also produced high acidity,the surface areas and pore volumes were relatively low,due to the destruction of pores by nitric acid oxidation.The reduction of porosity may impair the adsorption capacity.     

微波加热烟杆氢氧化钾活化法制备活性炭的研究

研究了微波加热烟杆氢氧化钾活化法制备微孔活性炭的新工艺.采用正交实验研究了相关因素对活性炭得率和吸附性能的影响,确定了最佳工艺条件.该工艺将传统方法的预热、干燥、炭化和活化简化为一个过程,所需要的活化时间是传统方法的1/13,产品的亚甲基蓝吸附值是国家一级标准的2.56倍.同时测定了该活性炭的氮吸附等温线,通过H-K方程和密度函数理论(DFT)表征了活性炭的孔结构.结果表明:该活性炭为微孔型,BET比表面积为1402 m2·g-1,总孔容为0.6855 mL·g-1.采用扫描电镜和透射电镜分析了活性炭的微观结构,与氮吸附测定的结果较为一致.     

Preparation of High Surface Area Mesoporous Activated Carbon: Kinetics and Equilibrium Isotherm

Activated carbon prepared from palm shell by phosphoric acid impregnation, at significantly favorable experimental conditions is characterized for the porous nature and adsorption of methylene blue dye molecules. The activation is carried out using a 2-stage activation process with the activation in a self-generated atmosphere. An activation temperature of 500°C, with an activation time of 75 minutes using a phosphoric acid impregnation ratio of 3 has yielded an activated carbon having unique characteristics. An activated carbon with a yield of 48%, total pore volume of 1.9 cm³/g, surface area of 1956 m²/g, an average pore diameter of 3.8 nm, with the ratio of the mesopore to the total surface area in excess of 75% has been prepared. The activated carbon exhibits a high methylene blue equilibrium adsorption capacity of 438 mg/g with the adsorption isotherm increasing with an increase in the adsorption temperature. Among the various adsorption isotherm models, the Langmuir model is able to explain the adsorption process well, evidenced by the proximity of the model with the experimental data. Among the different kinetic models tested with the experimental kinetic data, a pseudo-second-order model is found to fit the experimental data with close proximity.     

化学活化法制备活性炭的研究进展

综述了以ＫＯＨ、ＺｎＣｌ２等为活化剂的化学活化法制备活性炭的情况,总结了各种因素对活性炭性能的影响,简单介绍了化学活化法制备活性炭的研究进展,并对这一领域的前景进行了展望     

活性炭表面性质对污染物脱除影响

重点阐述了水处理中活性炭的表面物理和化学性质及其改性后的性能对污染物脱除的影响。表面物理性质方面包括对孔径大小、孔分布以及活性炭改性的研究;表面化学性质方面包括对表面氧化改性、表面还原改性以及负载金属改性的研究。并对活性炭的未来发展方向提出了一些建议。     

活性炭改性及其脱硫脱硝性能研究与展望

活性炭具有独特的孔隙结构和表面性质,这使其在净化工业烟气领域中有着重要应用。普通活性炭孔容偏小、微孔分布较宽、比表面积较小,导致其吸附性能无法较好地满足烟气深度净化需求。对活性炭进行改性可优化孔容孔径,提高孔隙率,改善表面酸碱性,进而提高活性炭的吸附性能。本文综述了近年来在酸性、碱性和中性条件下改性活性炭的研究进展,并基于活性炭改性现存的不足和瓶颈问题总结了未来活性炭改性的研究重点。     

外热式旋转活化炉在活性炭生产中的应用

外热式旋转活化炉是从国外引进的先进的活化设备及配套设施。其炉型采用间壁加热,非传统的内部结构设计,新的水蒸气活化工艺及自动化的控制系统,可调节范围宽,控制工艺灵活,对降低劳动者的操作强度,提高产品质量,提高活化得率起到很好的效果;同时采用活化炉控制系统与电脑直接联接的方式,直接给予生产指令;当设备运行出现故障时,系统自动报警,操作员可根据分析数据,对故障做出迅速的判断。原料来源广,更换新品种容易,更换新品种只需直接设定参数,运行8～15 h 后即可得出结果。