无线通用串行总线的双载波解调技术

双载波调制技术是无线通用串行总线系统在高速率传输时的调制模式,根据双载波调制技术提出软比特、最大似然、数似然比 3种解调方法,采用频率分集和信道状态信息作为辅助解调技术来提高系统解码性能。实验结果证明,在频率分集和信道状态信息2种辅助解调技术下,使用数似然比解调方法能使无线通用串行总线系统传输性能达到最大。     

移动无线传感器网络系统在n-Rayleigh信道下的性能分析

在n￣Rayleigh信道下,研究了使用选择合并( SC)接收的移动无线传感器网络系统的平均符号误码率( ASEP )和信道容量。基于矩生成函数( MGF)方法,推导了系统采用相干检测的相移键控调制( PSK),正交幅度调制( QAM),脉冲幅度调制(PAM)等数字调制方式的ASEP的精确表达式。同时,也得到了系统信道容量的精确表达式。然后对不同条件下的ASEP和信道容量性能做了数值仿真,理论分析结果与仿真结果相吻合,验证了理论分析结果的正确性。仿真结果表明：随着分集支路数的增加,系统的ASEP和信道容量性能得到了很好的改善,当使用QPSK调制,信噪比为16 dB时,分集支路数L＝1,系统的误码率是6×10－2,信道容量是4(bit/s)/Hz;分集支路数L＝2,系统的误码率是1×10－2,信道容量是5.1(bit/s)/Hz;分集支路数L＝3,系统的误码率是2×10－3,信道容量是5.8(bit/s)/Hz。     

车联网中车-车通信系统在n-Rayleigh信道下的性能分析

文章在n-Rayleigh衰落信道下,研究了使用选择合并（electioncombining,SC）接收的车—车通信系统的平均符号误码率（average symbol error probability,ASEP）和信道容量性能。文章基于积分法,分别推导了车—车通信系统采用M进制相移键控（M-ary phase shift keying,MPSK）和M进制脉冲幅度调制（M-ary pulse amplitude modulation,MPAM）的平均符号误码率的精确表达式和信道容量的精确表达式。然后在不同系统条件下,分别对平均符号误码率和信道容量性能做了数值仿真,理论分析结果与仿真结果相吻合,验证了理论分析结果的正确性。仿真结果表明,随着分集支路数的增加,系统的ASEP和信道容量性能得到了很好的改善,当使用QPSK调制信噪比为16dB时,分集支路数L=1,系统的误码率是7×10-2,信道容量是4bps/Hz;分集支路数L=2,系统的误码率是1×10-2,信道容量是5.1bps/Hz;分集支路数L=3,系统的误码率是2×10-3,信道容量是5.8bps/Hz。     

基于802.11的多信道MAC协议性能分析

为了改善无线网络中信道带宽的利用率,提高网络的吞吐量性能,已有研究提出了采用多信道MAC协议的方法,将单个信道分割成控制子信道和数据子信道进行联合使用.针对基于802.11DCF的该类型MAC协议,采用离散Markov链对DCF的退避机制进行建模分析,研究了多信道下两种MAC机制的饱和吞吐量性能与信道带宽分配比例的关系,分析了网络节点数、数据分组大小和DCF竞争窗口等对优化多信道带宽分配的影响,并将多信道MAC机制下的网络性能与单信道MAC机制进行了对比.分析和仿真结果表明,采用优化的信道带宽分配,多信道的MAC机制可以一定程度上提高网络的吞吐量性能.但是,当允许控制帧以最大信道速率传输时,多信道MAC机制吞吐量性能并不比单信道MAC机制好.     

改进的解码转发多跳中继系统及最优功率分配

多跳信道的中断性能较差,且节点接收设备上的多跳分集信道较为复杂。为此,基于解码转发多跳信道和多跳分集信道,提出一种改进的解码转发多跳中继系统,解决上述2种信道性能和复杂度的矛盾。推导中断概率的计算公式,以最小化系统中断概率为目标,利用拉格朗日乘子优化各节点的功率分配。仿真结果表明,改进系统能获得比传统多跳中继系统更低的中断概率,最优功率分配方案下系统的中断性能优于均匀功率分配方案,并且性能优势随跳数增加更为明显。     

地空信道基于OFDM/OQAM系统的波形自适应算法

传统的正交频分复用/偏移正交幅度调制（OFDM/OQAM）系统波形自适应设计主要针对具有非指数型时延功率谱和非U型多普勒功率谱的信道模型对波形进行优化,而实际中,波形自适应设计会因不同的信道模型产生不同的信道匹配准则系数。结合地空信道模型和扩展高斯函数的特性,在传统基于信干噪比SINR优化的OFDM/OQAM系统波形自适应算法的基础上提出一种新的OFDM/OQAM 系统波形自适应设计算法。该算法引入信道匹配系数β,通过信道匹配准则建立波形时频域间隔与信道最大多径时延、最大多普勒频移的关系,再结合传统SINR优化函数计算扩展因子参数,将参数反馈给发送端并调整发送端和接收端的滤波器达到波形自适应的目的。仿真结果表明,4QAM和16QAM调制下,信道匹配系数β的引入在系统误码性能上均有1.0 dB以上的改善。     

V-BLAST OFDM最大发射分集度分析

V-BLAST OFDM可以利用多径信道的频域选择性改善分集性能.目前相关研究缺乏分集度的理论分析,未能明确给出一种获取最大分集度的方法.针对这一问题,首先分析了V-BLAST系统可获得的最大分集度,然后找出了获得它所必须的条件,最后给出了一种可获得最大分集度的信号发射方法.在两发两收、BPSK调制、M.1225步行测...     

OFDM通信系统中的最优合并空间分集算法

本文分析了OFDM通信系统在平坦瑞利多径衰落条件下采用最优合并(OC)空间分集接收算法的QAM调制信号的平均误符号率(SER)。采用在DFT变换前进行分集合并方法,大大减小了计算代价。考虑到同信道干扰(CCI)用户数大于或等于分集接收天线数,对各接收天线的接收信号按照输出最大信干比的原则进行加权合并。给出了平均SER的仿真结果,表明最优合并空间分集算法具有较好的性能。     

ALC-OFDM系统中的ACMS新选择准则

针对新一代宽带卫星通信,建立了自适应低密度奇偶校验码(LDPC)编译码的正交频分复用(ALC-OFDM)传输系统结构与信道模型.在分析固定编码调制方式基础上,提出了一种加权信噪比(SNR)的自适应编码调制方案(ACMS)选择新准则,使每种编码调制方案对应着一个信道平均信噪比范围,可以有效找出使系统吞吐量最优的信噪比切换门限值.仿真结果表明:在系统的误比特率(BER)满足要求的情况下,对比各种加权准则,加权得到的SNR越大,采用该准则的系统吞吐量越大;当系统吞吐量都达到最大值时,采用3种加权方式的信噪比切换门限比传统准则至少降低了2 dB.     

双选信道下混合载波调制的均衡及优化

针对双选信道条件下基于加权分数阶傅里叶变换(Weighted-Type Fractional Fourier Transform,WFRFT)的混合载波调制(Hybrid Carrier Modulation,HCM)系统的干扰抑制问题,提出采用优化方法,使混合载波调制系统的性能达到最佳.首先在特定的双选信道下选择合适的均衡器及基带调制方式,然后通过对均衡接收后残余干扰及噪声的理论分析,建立优化模型,并采用遍历法,逐次扫描,寻找最佳的调制阶数,得到最优的系统性能.理论分析和仿真结果表明,在双选信道下,通过优化方法,得到了混合载波调制系统最佳的调制阶数(α),其最佳调制阶数系统的性能优于单/多载波调制系统.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.