不同环境条件下铝合金微弧氧化陶瓷膜的摩擦磨损性能

在2A12铝合金表面通过微弧氧化制备氧化铝陶瓷膜。用X射线衍射仪分析薄膜的相构成,用涡流测厚仪测量膜层的厚度,用自动转塔显微硬度计测量薄膜的显微硬度,利用微摩擦磨损试验机研究Al2O3薄膜/Si3N4球在干摩擦及水润滑下的摩擦磨损特性,用非接触表面三维形貌仪测量薄膜的磨损体积,并采用扫描电镜观察磨痕的表面形貌。结果表明:2A12铝合金微弧氧化陶瓷膜主要由α-Al2O3相和γ-Al2O3相组成;干摩擦时,薄膜主要发生磨粒磨损和疲劳磨损,摩擦因数随法向载荷和滑行速度的增大分别从0.79和0.82增加到0.87,磨损率则分别从4.07×10?5mm3/(N.m)和4.36×10?5mm3/(N.m)增加到9.69×10?5mm3/(N.m);水润滑时,薄膜主要发生摩擦化学磨损和疲劳磨损,摩擦因数随法向载荷和滑行速度的增大分别从0.69和0.67下降到0.65,磨损率则分别从3.84×10?5mm3/(N.m)和2.89×10?5mm3/(N.m)增加到4.47×10?5mm3/(N.m);薄膜在干摩擦时的摩擦因数和磨损率都大于相同实验参数下水润滑时的摩擦因数和磨损率,表明水介质有效地改善了体系的摩擦条件,降低了薄膜的磨损。     

Fretting wear of micro-arc oxidation coating prepared on Ti6Al4V alloy

Micro-arc oxidation(MAO)coating was prepared on Ti6Al4V alloy surface and its characterizations were detected by Vickers hardness tester,profilometer,scanning electric microscope(SEM),energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer(EDX)and X-ray diffractometer(XRD).Fretting wear behaviors of the coating and its substrate were comparatively tested without lubrication under varied displacement amplitudes(D)in a range of 3-40μm,constant normal load(Fn)of 300 N and frequency of 5 Hz.The results showed that the MAO coating,presenting rough and porous surface and high hardness,mainly consisted of rutile and anatase TiO2 phases.Compared with the substrate,the MAO coating could shift the mixed fretting regime(MFR)and slip regime(SR)to a direction of smaller displacement amplitude.In the partial slip regime(PSR),lower friction coefficients and slight damage appeared due to the coordination of elastic deformation of contact zones.In the MFR,the friction coefficient of the coating was lower than that of the substrate as a result of the prevention of plastic deformation by the hard ceramic surface.With the increase of the displacement amplitude,the degradation of the MAO coating and the substrate increased extremely.The fretting wear mechanisms of the coating were abrasive wear and delamination with some material transfer of specimen.In addition,the coating presented a better property for alleviating fretting wear.     

Effect of magnesium in aluminum alloys on characteristics of microarc oxidation coatings

Microarc oxidation（MAO） coatings were prepared on the surface of aluminum alloys with different contents of magnesium. The morphologies and surface roughness of the coatings were characterized by Confocal laser scanning microscopy（CLSM）. Phase and chemical composition of the MAO coatings were analyzed by X-ray diffractometry（XRD） and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy（XPS）. The experimental results show that the coatings formed on different substrates have two-layer morphologies and are mainly composed of Al203 and Al-Si-O phases. In addition, the content of Al203 increases with increasing the content of magnesium. XPS results prove that magnesium from substrate indeed participates in the MAO process and is incorporated into the coating in the form of MgO. The coating formed on Al-3Mg substrate has the smallest mass loss and the lowest friction coefficient of 0.17--0.19.     

Structure and properties of ceramic coatings formed on aluminum alloys by microarc oxidation

The thick and hard ceramic coatings were deposited on 2024 AI alloy by microarc oxidation in the electrolytic solution. Microstructure, phase composition and wear resistance of the oxide coatings were investigated by SEM, XRD and friction and wear tester. The microhardness and thickness of the oxide coatings were measured. The results show that the ceramic coating is mainly composed of α-Al2O3 and γ-Al2O3. During oxidation, the temperature in the microarc discharge channel is very high to make the local coating molten. From the surface to interior of the coating, microhardness increases gradually. The microhardness of the ceramic coating is HV 1 800, and the microarc oxidation coatings greatly improve the antiwear properties of aluminum alloys.     

6061铝合金表面激光熔覆稀土CeO_2+Ni60组织及摩擦磨损性能

为提高铝合金的表面性能,利用激光熔覆技术在6061铝合金表面制备了添加稀土Ce O2的Ni60熔覆层,并通过金相显微镜、SEM、显微维氏硬度计和摩擦磨损试验机等设备研究了CeO2对Ni60熔覆层组织结构、硬度及摩擦磨损性能的影响.结果表明,加入2%的Ce O2可有效地减少熔覆层中的裂纹、孔洞和夹杂物,促进晶粒细化,提高熔覆层的组织均匀性、表面硬度及耐磨损性能;在相同磨粒磨损条件下,CeO2+Ni60熔覆层的耐磨性是铝合金的7.1倍,是Ni60熔覆层的1.6倍;Ni60熔覆层可以显著降低铝合金表面摩擦系数,而添加稀土CeO2能提高Ni60熔覆层的摩擦系数稳定性,从而改善Ce O2+Ni60熔覆层的耐磨性能.     

AZ91D表面微弧氧化陶瓷层形貌及磨损特性分析

利用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、磨损试验、激光共聚焦显微镜等手段,分析了镁合金AZ91D微弧氧化陶瓷层表面、截面形貌及相组成,研究了微弧氧化试样和基体试样的磨损性能及三维形貌。结果表明,AZ91D镁合金经微弧氧化处理10 min后,陶瓷层与基体结合紧密,表面有微孔和裂纹存在且较为粗糙,陶瓷层最小厚度达62.9μm左右。陶瓷层主要由Mg2Si O4相和Mg O两相组成,膜层硬度为349.4 HV,摩擦因数达到0.119,其磨损破坏的形式主要为剥离和划伤,微弧氧化试样的耐磨性有所提高。     

氧化时间对ZL205A铝合金微弧氧化膜层的影响

在硅酸钠体系溶液中,研究了不同氧化时间对ZL_20_5A铝合金表面微弧氧化层表面形貌、厚度、元素分布及相组成的影响。结果表明,随氧化时间的增加,氧化膜表面微孔数量减少、孔径增大,膜层厚度不断增大;膜层中的Al、Si元素略有变化,O、P元素变化并不明显;氧化膜主要由α-Al_2O_3和Mullite(Al_6Si_2O_(13))组成,随着氧化时间的增加,膜层中的α-Al_2O_3和Mullite相含量不断提高,Mullite相主要由阳极反应中生成的Si O_2及Al_2O_3共同作用而产生。     

氧化时间对Ti6Al4V微弧氧化膜结构及耐腐蚀性能的影响

在磷酸盐体系中采用恒压微弧氧化工艺对Ti6Al4V(TC4)合金进行微弧氧化,研究了不同氧化时间对微弧氧化膜层的表面形貌、硬度、粗糙度以及物相生成的影响,并对不同氧化时间的膜层耐腐蚀性能进行了测试。结果表明：随着微弧氧化时间的延长,氧化膜表面微孔径增大,膜层厚度与表面硬度值先增加后又降低,膜层由金红石、锐钛矿及钙磷化合物组成,且主晶相为钙磷化合物,金红石及钙磷化合物含量均随微弧氧化时间的延长而增加;微弧氧化膜层表面Ca/P摩尔比值为1.56,接近人体羟基磷灰石比值,O/Ti原子比值为2.0,膜层表面主要组成为TiO₂;微弧氧化膜层腐蚀电位逐渐减小,腐蚀电流逐渐增大。     

MAO电压对TC4合金氧化膜层摩擦磨损性能的影响

通过微弧氧化技术(Micro-arc oxidation, MAO)对TC4合金进行表面处理,探究了不同MAO电压对TC4合金氧化膜层摩擦磨损性能的影响。使用激光共聚焦显微镜、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、显微硬度计及高温真空摩擦磨损试验仪对膜层形貌、相成分、硬度以及摩擦学性能进行了测试。结果表明:随着MAO工作电压的升高,MAO-TC4合金表面膜层中锐钛矿型TiO₂和金红石型TiO₂的含量随之增加,其表面粗糙度、显微硬度以及平均摩擦因数亦随之增大,磨损率先降低后增大。当MAO工作电压为280 V时,磨损率最小,为2.8 mg/cm²,摩擦磨损性能最佳。     

镁合金在硅酸盐体系中微弧氧化膜层的性能研究

利用交流微弧氧化装置对AZ91D镁合金在硅酸盐体系中进行了微弧氧化处理,并通过扫描电镜、电化学测试技术和表面性能测试仪等研究了氧化时间和电流密度对微弧氧化膜层表面形貌、厚度、耐蚀性、摩擦磨损性能和结合力的影响.结果表明：随氧化时间和电流密度的增大,镁合金微弧氧化膜层中微孔的数量减少,但微孔的直径和表面粗糙度增大.膜层厚度随氧化时间和电流密度的增加呈线性增大,但与基体的结合力明显降低.镁合金微弧氧化膜层的耐蚀性和耐磨性随氧化时间和电流密度的增大呈先增大后减小的趋势.镁合金在硅酸盐体系中微弧氧化处理的最佳工艺为氧化时间40min、电流密度0.20A/cm2.     

锻压对原位Al3Ti/6063Al复合材料微结构及摩擦磨损性能影响

研究了不同锻压变形量30%、50%、70%,对Al3Ti/6063Al复合材料显微组织及摩擦磨损性能的影响。研究结果表明,复合材料锻压变形后,原位Al3Ti增强颗粒断裂、破碎,沿平行于锻压方向呈明显的定向分布,基体晶粒变形剧烈,形成流线型织构,材料内部产生大量位错。随锻压变形量的增加,摩擦系数降低;在相同载荷下,70%变形锻压样的摩擦系数最小;复合材料磨损表面粗糙度随锻压变形量的增加而减少,变形量为30%时,粗糙度波动范围最小,变化相对稳定;磨痕宽度随锻压变形量增加而变宽,磨痕深度则变浅;磨损机理主要是磨粒磨损。     

纳米石墨改性ZM5镁合金微弧氧化陶瓷层摩擦磨损性能

添加纳米石墨颗粒的硅酸盐溶液中制备ZM5合金微弧氧化陶瓷层,利用SEM、EDS和XRD分析了涂层的微观形貌、成分及物相组成,用球-盘干磨损试验对涂层的室温摩擦磨损行为进行研究。结果表明,纳米石墨改性微弧氧化陶瓷层主要由Mg2SiO4、少量的MgO、Mg和C相组成,石墨以机械形式分散于陶瓷层中并起到减摩作用。4.9N载荷下体积磨损率为9.19×10-5 mm3/Nm,是无石墨微弧氧化陶瓷层的1/3,ZM5基体的1/14;9.8N载荷下体积磨损率为1.44×10-4 mm3/Nm,是无石墨微弧氧化陶瓷层的2/5,ZM5基体的1/8,与无石墨微弧氧化陶瓷层相比显著提高了镁合金基体的耐磨性,且其室温干摩擦磨损机理为疲劳磨损,磨痕呈疲劳剥落形貌。     

微弧氧化膜对7A52铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头腐蚀不均匀性的影响

7A52铝合金搅拌摩擦焊接头焊核区由于发生动态再结晶,晶粒比较细小,组织呈现“洋葱环”分布,热力影响区的组织沿塑性流动方向分布,热影响区晶粒尺寸发生了明显的长大.接头组织不均匀导致不同区域的腐蚀行为不同. 结果表明,没有微弧氧化膜时,母材的致钝电流远小于焊核区及热(力)影响区,更容易钝化;当微弧氧化膜的厚度为50 μm,母材的致钝电流小于焊核区及热(力)影响区,较薄的微弧氧化膜对接头腐蚀不均匀性的改善作用不明显;当微弧氧化膜的厚度为70 μm时,接头不同区域钝化特征接近,微弧氧化膜有助于减小接头组织不均匀对接头不同区域的腐蚀不均匀的影响.     

无铅铜铋轴承合金的摩擦学特性

采用粉末冶金方法制备了几种典型铜基轴承合金,在HDM-20端面摩擦磨损试验机上进行了边界润滑条件下的摩擦磨损试验,分析了其摩擦学性能.结果表明:3.0％ Bi铜铋轴承合金具有较好的减摩、抗粘着性能,与典型铜铅轴承合金(Cu10Sn10Pb)相比,减摩性能稍好,耐磨性能稍差;两种轴承合金磨损量均随速度的增加而增加,而摩擦系数则随速度增加而降低.摩擦磨损过程中析出表面的铋可起减摩、抗粘着作用,并存在铋的析出、磨损脱落的过程.     

氧化时间对 ZA 43 合金微弧氧化膜摩擦磨损性能的影响

目的研究ZA43合金微弧氧化陶瓷膜的摩擦磨损特性随氧化时间的变化规律。方法制备微弧氧化时间不同的ZA43合金微弧氧化陶瓷膜样品,采用球-盘磨损方法进行摩擦磨损实验,分析陶瓷膜磨损前后的形貌、物相组成及元素组成,测试膜层厚度和显微硬度。结果陶瓷膜主要由α-Al2O3和γ-Al2O3相组成。随着氧化时间的延长,陶瓷膜厚度和平均硬度逐渐增大。在干摩擦条件下,陶瓷膜的摩擦系数和磨损失重随氧化时间的延长而降低。结论随着氧化时间的延长,ZA43合金微弧氧化陶瓷膜的耐磨性逐渐提高,其磨损机制以磨粒磨损为主。     

铝合金微弧氧化陶瓷层的一种磨损失效形式

采用微弧氧化技术在2A12铝合金表面制备出不同厚度的陶瓷层,测试了该陶瓷层在纯滚动摩擦条件下的摩擦磨损性能。结果显示：在滚动摩擦条件下,陶瓷层失效形式受到其厚度的影响,当陶瓷层厚度小于临界厚度时,试样表面出现陶瓷层剥落现象。结合疲劳理论,对该失效形式进行了分析与研究,     

Wear resistance of ceramic coating on AZ91 magnesium alloy by micro-arc oxidation

The ceramic coating formed on AZ91 magnesium alloy by micro-arc oxidation （MAO） was characterized. The results show that the ceramic coating （3.4-23 μm in thickness）on the surface ofAZ91 alloy was attained under different micro-arc oxidation treatment conditions, which consist mainly of MgO, Mg2SiO4 and MgSiO3 phases. Nano-hardness in a cross-sectional specimen was determined by nano-indentation experiment. The MAO coatings exhibit higher hardness than the substrate. Dry sliding wear tests for the MAO coatings and AZ91 alloy were also carded out using an oscillating friction and wear tester in a ball-on-disc contact configuration. The wear resistance of the MAO coatings is improved respectively under different treatment time as a result of different structures of ceramic coatings formed on AZ91 alloy.     

Tribological properties of nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide film

Friction and wear properties of nanostructured anodic aluminum oxide (AAO)) films were studied in relation to contact load and pore size (pore diameter). Uniformly arrayed nanoporous aluminum oxide films (pores of 28 nm, 45 nm, 95 nm, and 200 nm diameter and 60-100 μm thick) were synthesized by anodization. Reciprocating wear tests using 1 mm diameter steel balls as counterpart were carried out for a wide range of load (from 1 mN to 1 N) at ambient environment. The friction coefficient reduced with the increase of load. The friction coefficient decreased by approximately 30% when the load increased by 3 orders of magnitude. The pore density marginally affected the frictional properties of AAO films. The influence of pore size on the friction coefficient was significant at relatively high loads (0.1 N and 1 N) whereas it was negligible at low loads (1 mN and 10 mN). The worn surface of AAO films tested at low loads did not experience tribochemical reaction and exhibited only mild plastic deformation. Dispersed thick smooth films were formed on the worn surface of all samples at relatively high loads whereas only extremely thin smooth film patches were rarely formed at low loads. These thick smooth films were generated by combined influence of tribochemical reaction at the contact interface and plastic deformation of compacted debris particles as evidenced by energy-dispersive spectroscopy analysis. We suggest that these thick films mainly contributed to the decrease of friction regardless of the pore size.     

瓷质氧化预处理对6061铝合金弱酸性介质中微弧氧化膜的影响

以6061铝合金为研究对象,对其在弱酸性介质中的微弧氧化膜的成分及性能进行了分析,探讨瓷质氧化预处理对微弧氧化膜的影响.结果表明:在弱酸性介质中,6061铝合金瓷质氧化预处理+微弧氧化膜的主要成分是γ-Al2 O3和α-Al2 O3,同时由于残留的瓷质氧化膜,无定型的Al2 O3也存在于氧化膜中;其厚度和硬度分别为25...