蜂蜜酸奶的研制

以新鲜优质的蜂蜜和牛奶为原料,以保加利亚乳杆菌为发酵菌种,对蜂蜜酸奶的工艺进行了研究。通过正交实验确定出发酵工艺的参数和产品的最佳配方,研制出了一种具有独特风味的保健酸奶。试验结果表明:蜂蜜量12%,接种量3%,蔗糖量1%,最佳复合稳定剂为琼脂∶CMC=0.1∶0.1,发酵温度42℃,发酵时间5h。     

枸杞蜂蜜保健酸奶的研制

以枸杞、蜂蜜、鲜牛奶为主要原料,经过乳酸菌发酵,研制出风味独特,酸甜适中的枸杞蜂蜜酸奶。通过单因素和正交试验确定该酸奶的最佳工艺条件为:枸杞汁添加量10%,蜂蜜添加量6%,蔗糖添加量4%,接入3%的发酵剂,罐装后在42℃发酵5 h。在此工艺条件下制得的枸杞蜂蜜酸奶营养丰富、感官品质佳、稳定性好。     

山药桂圆保健酸奶的研制

山药桂圆酸奶是以山药、桂圆和鲜牛奶为主要原料,利用保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌以1∶1混合作为发酵剂进行发酵,研制出的一种集山药、桂圆和酸奶的营养保健功能于一体的新型乳品。通过单因素和正交试验确定了山药桂圆酸奶的最佳配方,即在鲜牛奶中添加30%山药浆,3%桂圆汁和6.5%蔗糖,3%乳酸菌。在此工艺条件下制得的山药桂圆酸奶营养丰富、感官品质好。     

菊花蜂蜜酸奶的研制及发酵特性研究

以菊花、蜂蜜和牛奶为主要原料研制菊花蜂蜜保健酸奶,通过对菊花蜂蜜酸奶发酵特性的研究,发现菊花提取液、蜂蜜对酸奶发酵有显著的抑制作用。结果表明,采用料液比1∶30(质量比),浸提温度90℃,浸提时间0.5 h所得的菊花提取液,酸奶发酵时添加量应小于15%;蜂蜜添加量应小于10%,并且不同品种蜂蜜对酸奶发酵抑制作用不同;DVS菌种加量0.01%(均为质量分数),发酵时间6 h。     

莲藕风味酸乳饮料的研制

以新鲜莲藕汁和鲜牛奶为主要原料,采用保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌（1∶1）发酵鲜牛奶的工艺,研制出一种风味独特兼具营养与保健作用的莲藕酸奶。通过L（934）正交试验优化了发酵工艺参数,即藕汁酶解时间为30min、蔗糖用量3%、莲藕水解液与牛奶配比为1∶5（w/w）、发酵时间10h;制成的莲藕酸奶香气浓郁,具有较高的营养和保健价值。     

黄芪功能性酸奶的研究

由黄芪和鲜牛奶为主原料,研制出了集黄芪和酸奶的保健功能于一体的新型保健饮料——黄芪功能性酸奶。采用正交实验筛选出最优组合,结果表明:黄芪汁∶牛奶=0.2∶1,接种量为5%,加糖量为7%,发酵时间9h为最佳的工艺条件,得到的酸奶品质最好。     

香椿酸奶的研制

以香椿和鲜牛奶为主要原料,用保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌(1∶1)为发酵剂,采用正交试验研究香椿酸奶的生产配方和生产工艺。得出生产香椿酸奶的最佳工艺条件为:分别添加鲜牛奶质量5%的香椿汁、8%的白砂糖和0.10%的黄原胶,接种量为鲜牛奶质量的5%,发酵温度43℃,发酵时间6 h。     

绿豆桂圆果肉酸奶的研制

根据搅拌型酸奶的制造原理,以辉山自营牧场的优质鲜牛奶为原料,适量添加白砂糖、脱脂乳粉、稳定剂,经乳酸茵发酵后加入绿豆沙和桂圆果内,研制出具有绿豆桂圆的保健功能、营养丰富的酸奶制品.     

蜂蜜酸奶的研究

以鲜牛奶、蜂蜜为主要原料,从蜂蜜的添加量、稳定剂的用量、接种量等方面进行研究,确定了蜂蜜酸奶较佳的工艺参数和贮藏条件。具体的工艺参数为:发酵温度为42℃,蜂蜜6%,稳定剂0.2%,菌种4.0%;贮藏条件为:5℃￣10℃。     

新型无糖苦瓜酸奶的研制

研究了具有营养保健功能的无糖苦瓜酸奶的加工工艺,结果表明:以鲜苦瓜为原料,用100mg/kg葡萄糖酸锌作为护色剂、1%-β环状糊精作为苦味包埋剂,可制得质量良好的苦瓜汁;采用苦瓜汁∶鲜牛奶=37∶的原料配比、阿斯巴甜0.05%、复合稳定剂0.15%,将保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌以11∶混合作为发酵剂进行发酵、接种量3%、发酵温度42℃、发酵时间5h等工艺条件,可得到品质风味优良的新型无糖苦瓜酸奶。     

Probiotics and prebiotics--perspectives and challenges

Owing to their health benefits, probiotics and prebiotics are nowadays widely used in yogurts and fermented milks, which are leader products of functional foods worldwide. The world market for functional foods has grown rapidly in the last three decades, with an estimated size in 2003 of ca US$ 33 billion, while the European market estimation exceeded US$ 2 billion in the same year. However, the production of probiotics and prebiotics at industrial scale faces several challenges, including the search for economical and abundant raw materials for prebiotic production, the low-cost production of probiotics and the improvement of probiotic viability after storage or during the manufacturing process of the functional food. In this review, functional foods based on probiotics and prebiotics are introduced as a key biotechnological field with tremendous potential for innovation. A concise state of the art addressing the fundamentals and challenges for the development of new probiotic- and prebiotic-based foods is presented, the niches for future research being clearly identified and discussed.     

常用消毒灭菌法及其机理与应用

介绍了采用消毒灭菌方法,有加热消毒法,紫外线辐射法和化学药剂消毒法。常用化学药剂有醛类、含氯消毒剂、醇类消毒剂以及高锰酸钾、生石灰等,阐释了消毒与灭菌两个概念的区别。     

European citizen and consumer attitudes and preferences regarding beef and pork

This paper presents the combined mid-term findings of the consumer research components of two EU Sixth Framework Programme integrated projects concerning meat, ProSafeBeef and Q-PorkChains. The consumer pillar of ProSafeBeef carried out eight focus group discussions in May 2008, in France, Germany, Spain and the UK. Q-PorkChains conducted a large-scale, web-based, consumer survey in January 2008 in Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Greece and Poland. The first project provides a set of qualitative data from a small cohort of focus groups and the second a set of quantitative data from a larger consumer sample. This paper draws together the main findings of both projects and provides a comprehensive overview of European citizens’ and consumers’ attitudes towards and preferences regarding beef and pork. In general, consumers consider meat to be a healthy and important component of the diet. Consumers support the development of technologies that can improve the health attributes of meat products and guarantee eating quality, but they have a negative view of what they see to be excessive manipulation and lack of naturalness in the production and processing of beef products. In the Q-PorkChains study consumer and citizen segments are identified and profiled. Consumer segments were built upon the frequency and variety of pork consumption. The citizen segments were built upon their attitudes towards pig production systems. Overall, the relationship between individuals’ views as citizens and their behaviour as consumers was found to be quite weak and did not appear to greatly or systematically influence meat-buying habits. Future studies in both projects will concentrate on consumers’ acceptance of innovative meat product concepts and products, with the aim of boosting consumer trust and invigorating the European beef and pork industries.     

毛霉型低盐速成豆豉工业化生产工艺与设备

本文介绍了毛霉型低盐速成豆豉的工业化生产工艺及生产线的关键设备。     

原花色素及其开发应用

对原花色素的结构、化学特性、制备、分析方法、应用前景作一综述,并重点讨论其生理功能,为在功能性食品、药物、化妆品等领域的深入研究和开发提供参考。     

组学技术与果蔬采后质量和安全控制

果蔬可以提供营养, 有利于人类健康, 而果蔬的后熟及其与环境的相互作用会影响果蔬采后的质量和安全。对果蔬生物学过程的了解和掌握是减少果蔬采后损失和保障果蔬采后质量和安全的关键。在过去的10多年, 基于组学技术的系统生物学在了解果蔬后熟及其与环境相互作用的分子机制方面得到了越来越多的应用。本文对此做了细致的总结, 指出了存在的不足, 并提出了未来的发展方向。     

天然香精香料与生物技术

天然香精香料是高价值的精细化工产品和食品添加剂,但原料来源有限且提取成本高。利用生物技术生产这类产品具有广阔的前景。简述了发酵工程、酶工程、细胞工程和基因工程在香精香料中的应用,并探讨了生物技术在香精香料中的应用前景。     

益生素、益生菌与结肠癌

介绍了益生素和益生菌及其作用机理。在动物模型中，有大量的数据证实益生素和益生菌能够预防癌症．而在人体内还没有直接实验证据。它们抑制癌症的确切机理目前尚不清楚，其抑制机理可能是：肠道菌群代谢活动的改变，肠道理化环境的改变，潜在的致癌物质的黏附和降解，肠道菌群的改变、抗癌或抗诱变物质的形成、提高宿主的免疫应答、影响宿主的生理活动以及发酵不能被消化的食物并形成有益代谢产物。     

节能节水型印染助剂和设备的现状

从节能、节水、缩短工艺流程和环保的角度出发,介绍了国内外研制开发的一系列新型节能、节水型印染助剂和染整设备。     

Heritability and correlations for body condition score and dairy form within and across lactation and age

The objectives of the current study were to investigate the relationship between body condition score (BCS) and dairy form and changes in genetic parameters for BCS and dairy form within and across lactations and age. Body condition score and dairy form were obtained from the Holstein Association USA, Inc. Records were edited to include those cows classified between 24 and 60 mo of age and between 0 and 335 d in milk (DIM). A minimum of 20 daughters per sire and 15 cows per herd-classification visit were required. The dataset consisted of 135,178 records from 119,215 cows. Repeatability, multiple trait, and random regression models were used to analyze the data. All models included fixed effects for herd-classification visit, age within lactations 1, 2, and 3 or higher, and 5th-order polynomials for DIM. Random effects included sire and permanent environment for all models. Random regression models included age at classification nested within sire or DIM and lactation number nested within sire. Genetic variance for both BCS and dairy form was lowest in early lactation and highest in midlactation. Genetic correlations within and across lactations were high. The genetic correlation between DIM 0 in lactation 1 and DIM 305 in lactation 3 was estimated to be 0.77 for BCS and 0.60 for dairy form. The genetic correlation estimate between 30 mo of age at classification and 50 mo of age at classification was 0.94 for both dairy form and BCS. The repeatability models appeared to generate accurate evaluations for BCS or dairy form at all ages and stages of lactation.