轴承用20CrMoH钢S-N疲劳曲线的拟合

为了合理并高效地设计20CrMoH钢轴类零件的安全服役应力,根据轴类零件使用工况用标准旋转疲劳试样进行了旋转弯曲疲劳试验,并采用Parabola曲线模型拟合了中寿命区到长寿命区的中值S-N曲线以及在0.1%失效概率和95%置信度条件下的P-S-N曲线,最后利用疲劳应用统计学,对线性数学模型和Parabola曲线模型两种拟合方法进行了对比。初步研究发现:无论是在50%失效概率还是在0.1%失效概率、95%置信度条件下,与线性数学模型拟合方法相比,Parabola曲线模型拟合得到的S-N曲线结果均具有较高的相关系数,在中、低应力区有着较为保守的疲劳寿命估计,而在高应力区也更贴近原始数据。     

小子样测定叶片S-N曲线试验方法研究

根据试验要求,对叶片在样本较少情况下测定其疲劳极限σ-1和S-N曲线。通过振动疲劳试验的方法进行研究,试验采用升降法选择所施加振动应力的水平,采用异方差回归分析方法进行疲劳试验数据的分析。最后获得叶片材料的均值S-N曲线和置信度为95%、可靠度为99.9%的P-S-N曲线,并得到各自曲线上的疲劳极限σ-1。此方法保证试验的顺利进行并且具有较高的可靠性,对于小样本测定材料的S-N曲线具有较好的实用价值。     

基于超高周疲劳多元化失效模式的概率S-N曲线模型构建方法EI北大核心CSCD

对渗碳Cr Mn钢开展了超高周疲劳试验,通过观察断口发现其失效模式分为表面裂纹诱发失效、内部夹杂导致的高周疲劳（5×10^4〈N^10^7）失效以及超高周疲劳（N〉10^7）三种。该文假设每一种失效模式的S-N曲线均相互独立,并基于混合Weibull分布以及Basquin和三参数S-N曲线模型,分别构建出了渗碳Cr Mn钢三种失效模式各自的概率S-N曲线及综合反映渗碳Cr Mn钢多元化失效模式的概率S-N曲线。与试验数据相比,99%存活概率的P-S-N曲线在超长寿命区给出了较为安全的寿命预测。     

基于超高周疲劳多元化失效模式的概率S-N曲线模型构建方法

对渗碳Cr Mn钢开展了超高周疲劳试验,通过观察断口发现其失效模式分为表面裂纹诱发失效、内部夹杂导致的高周疲劳(5×104N10~7)失效以及超高周疲劳(N10~7)失效三种。该文假设每一种失效模式的S-N曲线均相互独立,并基于混合Weibull分布以及Basquin和三参数S-N曲线模型,分别构建出了渗碳Cr Mn钢三种失效模式各自的概率S-N曲线及综合反映渗碳Cr Mn钢多元化失效模式的概率S-N曲线。与试验数据相比,99%存活概率的P-S-N曲线在超长寿命区给出了较为安全的寿命预测。     

ZG230-450铸钢的重构疲劳可靠性S-N曲线

给定若干概率水平的常规疲劳可靠性曲线只能做相应概率水平的疲劳设计与寿命预测,要实现任意可靠性水平的疲劳设计、寿命预测和可靠性评定,需要重构全概率疲劳可靠性S-N曲线。首先应用Monte Carlo模拟技术在可接受的误差范围重构了铁道车辆ZG230-450车轮铸钢的疲劳极限和成组法S-N数据。然后应用广义极大似然法测定了其中短寿命范围的可靠性S-N曲线。最后应用概率疲劳极限外推法获得了该材料中短和长寿命范围的合理疲劳概率S-N曲线。并进一步发展了适于车辆结构用万公里单位表征的可靠性曲线。应用该曲线可实现任意可靠性水平的疲劳可靠性设计、寿命预测和可靠性评价。     

LZ50车轴钢随机S-N关系的概率模型

研究了LZ50 车轴钢疲劳Stress-Life(以下简称S-N)关系的概率模型。同时考虑了S-N 关系的分散性规律和样本数量对概率评价的影响,包括P(存活概率)-S-N 曲线、C(置信度)-S-N 曲线和P-C-S-N 曲线。这些曲线由称之为“广义极大似然法”的方法测定。方法考虑了整体试验S-N 数据的随机性,避免了常规方法从考虑局部数据随机性角度的缺陷。LZ50 车轴钢试验数据的分析结果,说明了模型和方法的合理性和有效性。     

超长寿命疲劳破坏行为的可靠性研究

为了进行超长寿命疲劳破坏行为的可靠性研究,对GCr15钢超长寿命疲劳S-N试验数据进行了统计评估,采用Bansqun模型描述了其S-N曲线关系,建立了其概率S-N曲线模型,并采用SEV方法和Murakami方程分别预测了钢中最大夹杂尺寸和其相对应的疲劳强度。结果表明:其超长寿命疲劳S-N数据能较好地服从三参数威布尔分布,其概率S-N曲线形式都呈现持续下降的趋势;在验证了最大夹杂尺寸服从Gumbel分布的基础上,SEV方法预测的最大夹杂尺寸随着钢体积的增大而线性增加,Murakami方程预测的结果揭示了其概率S-N曲线呈现持续下降的原因。     

航空有机玻璃的疲劳性能

通过对航空有机玻璃进行拉伸疲劳试验得到了不同应力水平下的拉伸疲劳S-N曲线以及条件疲劳强度,研究了应力比对有机玻璃拉伸疲劳性能的影响。结果表明:该有机玻璃在应力比为0.4,0.1,-0.1条件下的疲劳强度分别为63.0,57.3,48.4MPa,其对应的拉伸疲劳S-N曲线随着应力比的增加整体上移;在相同应力水平下,应力比越大,该有机玻璃的拉伸疲劳寿命越长。     

基于自适应响应面法的输电塔线体系腐蚀疲劳可靠度研究

环境腐蚀和风振疲劳耦合作用下输电塔体的结构性能逐渐退化,满足预定设计功能的概率减小。然而,传统响应面法计算结构可靠度时均不能兼顾"效率"和"精度"。为此,首先通过严格的数学推导给出了交叉项是否存在的判断准则,将该判断准则与传统二次响应面法相结合建立了考虑部分交叉项的自适应响应面法。然后,通过Q345等边角钢腐蚀疲劳试验结果给出了构件腐蚀疲劳t-P-S-N曲线方程,再与概率论相结合建立了随机疲劳曲线方程。最后,通过工程算例采用建议自适应响应面法以风速、腐蚀时间和随机腐蚀疲劳S-N曲线方程为随机变量对输电塔线体系进行了腐蚀疲劳可靠度研究,结果表明:①交叉项判断准则能有效地保留相互影响随机变量之间的交叉项;②建议自适应响应面法在满足精度的同时能有效减少计算量;③构件随机腐蚀疲劳S-N曲线模型在结构可靠性分析中简单易行。     

储气库注采管柱疲劳可靠性多级加速载荷试验研究

针对储气库注采管柱在高速气流作用下易于发生疲劳失效的问题,开展注采管柱N80材料疲劳可靠性试验研究。在MTS810试验机上完成针对N80材料储气库注采管柱的拉-拉疲劳实验。通过多级加载疲劳试验法,获得N80储气库注采管柱疲劳分组加速试验数据,采用概率分析模型得到N80材料的S-N曲线。提出基于古德曼曲线预估材料疲劳寿命极限的方法,采用该方法可以比较可靠地预估材料不同加载条件下对应的最大应力水平、应力幅值及应力比等参数,为加速疲劳试验、提高试验效率提供一种参考方法。给出基于概率统计方法进行多级加载疲劳可靠性分析模型,通过多级加载疲劳试验获得储气库注采管柱N80油管试件的疲劳寿命样本数据,并采用可靠性模型给出试验材料的概率分布规律以及相应的P-S-N曲线。     

几种常用的金属材料疲劳极限试验方法

金属疲劳试验用于测定金属材料的许用疲劳应力,绘制材料的疲劳曲线,进而在交变应力下测定金属材料的疲劳极限。疲劳研究的试验方法有很多,该文根据有关国家标准和现有文献资料对一些常用疲劳试验方法进行了综述,包括单点疲劳试验法、升降法疲劳试验、高频振动疲劳试验法、超声波法疲劳试验、红外热像技术疲劳试验方法,并对每种疲劳试验方法的试验目的、适用条件、试验试样、所需仪器、具体步骤和数据处理进行了介绍。     

A unifying approach to estimate the high-cycle fatigue strength of notched components subjected to both uniaxial and multiaxial cyclic loadings

This paper proposes an engineering method suitable for predicting the fatigue limit of both plain and notched components subjected to uniaxial as well as to multiaxial fatigue loadings. Initially, some well‐known concepts formalized by considering the cracking behaviour of metallic material under uniaxial cyclic loads have been extended to multiaxial fatigue situations. This theoretical extension allowed us to form the hypothesis that fatigue limits can be estimated by considering the linear–elastic stress state calculated at the centre of the structural volume. This volume was assumed to be the zone where all the main physical processes take place in fatigue limit conditions. The size of the structural volume was demonstrated to be constant, that is, independent from the applied loading type, but different for different materials. Predictions have been made by Susmel and Lazzarin's multiaxial fatigue criterion, applied using the linear–elastic stress state determined at the centre of the structural volume. The accuracy of this method has been checked by using a number of data sets taken from the literature and generated by testing notch specimens both under uniaxial and multiaxial fatigue loadings. Our approach is demonstrated to be a powerful engineering tool for predicting the fatigue limit of notch components, independently of material, stress concentration feature and applied load type. In particular, it allowed us to perform predictions within an error interval of about ±25% in stress, even though some material mechanical properties were either estimated or taken from different sources.     

基于剩余应变的复合材料结构寿命预测

为实现对复合材料结构的寿命预测,对已有的复合材料疲劳寿命预测模型进行了研究,确定了基本的刚度降模型,提出了剩余应变的概念,并将其应用到渐进疲劳损伤方法中,以Abaqus为平台,编写UMAT子程序,实现了对复合材料结构的寿命预测及疲劳损伤扩展分析.针对某碳纤维增强复合材料TS800开展相关试验,试验结果与预测结果吻合较好.研究表明,本文所改进的渐进疲劳损伤方法能较好地完成对复合材料结构的寿命预测.     

Three-dimensional calculations of high cycle fatigue life under out-of-phase multiaxial loading

In this study, we investigate the prediction of fatigue life at a high number of cycles (>5 × 10⁴ cycles) for three-dimensional structures. An approach has been developed that includes the results of fatigue tests in a program using the finite element method. Numerical fatigue life calculations using three fatigue criteria were conducted to predict S – N curves. To complete the study and validate this approach, tests were carried out on FGS 700/2 cast iron with different geometrical structures and different fatigue loadings.     

A method for assessing critical plane‐based multiaxial fatigue damage models

Fatigue failure is a complex phenomenon. Therefore, development of a fatigue damage model that considers all associated complexities resulting from the application of different cyclic loading types, geometries, materials, and environmental conditions is a challenging task. Nevertheless, fatigue damage models such as critical plane‐based models are popular because of their capability to estimate life mostly within ±2 and ±3 factors of life for smooth specimens. In this study, a method is proposed for assessing the fatigue life estimation capability of different critical plane‐based models. In this method, a subroutine was developed and used to search for best estimated life regardless of critical plane assumption. Therefore, different fatigue damage models were evaluated at all possible planes to search for the best life. Smith‐Watson‐Topper (normal strain‐based), Fatemi‐Socie (shear strain‐based), and Jahed‐Varvani (total strain energy density‐based) models are compared by using the proposed assessment method. The assessment is done on smooth specimen level by using the experimental multiaxial fatigue data of 3 alloys, namely, AZ31B and AZ61A extruded magnesium alloys and S460N structural steel alloy. Using the proposed assessment method, it was found that the examined models may not be able to reproduce the experimental lives even if they were evaluated at all physical planes.     

A stochastic theory of cumulative fatigue damage

A Stochastic theory for the cumulative fatigue damage of structural component with random fatigue strength under random loading is proposed on the basis of the Stratonovich-Khasminskii theorem. The analytical solutions for the probability densities of the cumulative fatigue damage and fatigue life and for the reliability function are given for steel and reinforced concrete components, with constant fatigue strength subject to narrow band stationary Gaussian stress process with zero mean. The results agree very well with those of digital simulation. It is noted that the theory can be applied, in principle, to metallic and some nonmetallic materials, to both narrow band and wide band stress process, and can be adapted to a sequence of n stationary stress process or quasi-stationary stress process. The scatter and degradation of fatigue strength can also be incorporated into the theory.     

重载齿轮弯曲疲劳寿命测试方法研究现状

重载齿轮是大型机械装置(推土机、挖掘机、装甲车等)传动系统的核心部件,它的主要功能是按照规定的转速比传递运动和转矩。随着科学技术的发展和军事装备的更新换代,重载齿轮的研究除了在材料性能、齿形设计、承载能力等方面取得了新成就外,另一个突出的进步就是在齿轮性能测试技术方面获得了很多成果,使得一些过去难以定量研究的问题(如齿轮的疲劳强度、齿轮传动品质等)都有了比较实用的测量手段。而在重载齿轮疲劳性能研究中,相对于接触疲劳产生的齿面点蚀、胶合、磨损等微小破坏而引起齿轮传动效率降低,啮合不到位等现象,弯曲疲劳则会直接导致齿根产生裂纹甚至形成断齿现象,造成重大事故。因此,准确测试重载齿轮的弯曲疲劳寿命,分析弯曲疲劳性能,进而优化齿轮设计,提升齿轮性能,对监测因弯曲疲劳失效所引起设备故障以及避免服役过程中发生重大事故具有重要意义。重载齿轮弯曲疲劳寿命受多方面因素的影响,其中包括材料性能、加工尺寸、制备工艺以及测试手段等,因此对其弯曲疲劳寿命的定量测试一直是各国研究人员关注的热点话题。关于重载齿轮弯曲疲劳寿命的研究可以归纳为以下三方面:弯曲疲劳原理探究方面已发展到声发射信号检测、光学图像分形理论计算、计算机有限元数学模拟等多方面的实际应用;性能检测实验已有单齿/双齿脉冲加载、动态啮合式加载等多种试验方法;数据处理方面已发展出升降法、成组法、雨流法以及多种S-N曲线拟合的数据处理手段。这些分析方法以及测试手段的应用可以大大节省实验成本、提高分析效率、减少试验误差,进而提高重载齿轮弯曲疲劳寿命检测的准确性。本文从重载齿轮弯曲疲劳寿命的测试原理、试验方法以及测试数据处理三方面出发,根据国内外研究现状,对重载齿轮的弯曲疲劳性能进行机理性与实验性的探究,为测试重载齿轮的弯曲疲劳寿命提供有效的理论依据、具体的测试方法以及准确的数据处理手段。     

焊接方法对10Ni5CrMoV钢接头疲劳性能的影响

针对屈服强度为785MPa级别的10Ni5CrMoV钢,分别采用焊条手工焊、气体保护焊和埋弧焊三种方法在其表面堆焊单层焊并设计成板状疲劳试样,研究三种焊接方法对10Ni5CrMoV钢接头疲劳性能的影响。结果表明:对于堆焊单层焊道试样,焊址处应力集中程度对疲劳启裂寿命起主要作用,随应力集中程度的增大,疲劳启裂寿命减小。焊条手工焊、埋弧焊和气体保护焊三种焊接方法中,气体保护焊焊趾处应力集中程度最大,疲劳启裂寿命最低;焊条手工焊焊趾处应力集中程度最小,疲劳启裂寿命最高。     

Evaluation of giga-cycle fatigue properties of some maraging steels by intermittent ultrasonic fatigue testing

ABSTRACT In evaluating the giga-cycle fatigue strength of some high strength steels, information on the size distribution of nonmetallic inclusions contained in the material is indispensable. To save time and effort of obtaining such data concerning the inclusions, a convenient dissolution method to evaluate the maximum inclusion size is proposed, in place of a conventional method of measuring the inclusion sizes on many cross-sectional areas. Meanwhile, to save time-consuming work of obtaining giga-cycle fatigue properties of some metallic materials, an intermittent ultrasonic fatigue testing method has also been developed. In the present paper, these two newly developed methods were successfully combined to assess the long life fatigue properties of maraging steels as a function of inclusion size.     

Probabilistic prediction of minimum fatigue life behaviour in α + β titanium alloys

The objective of this work was to develop and demonstrate a probabilistic life prediction method for the prediction of minimum fatigue lives that are typically used in the design of fracture critical rotating turbine engine components. A Monte Carlo analysis was used to predict the variability in fatigue lives based on the distribution of microstructural features that lead to early crack initiation as well as the variability in small fatigue crack growth rates. Two titanium alloys, both with bimodal microstructures, were tested and analysed in this study. The distribution of critical microstructural features was calibrated based on test results and understanding of microstructure neighbourhood effects. Testing was conducted on both alloys and included both smooth and notched specimens. The predictions are presented and compared with the data for smooth and notch geometries for the various loading conditions. A parametric study was performed to identify the importance of several model inputs and to identify areas for future improvement.