新型增塑剂品种与PVC塑料制品应用

介绍了国内外新型增塑剂品种及其在工业塑料制品中的应用。天然多元醇增塑剂、无毒、生物可降级增塑剂柠檬酸酯、降解新型增塑剂Benzoflex 2888、新型偏苯三酸三酯类增塑剂、均苯四酸四酯、聚酯等助剂的应用性能；介绍了上述增塑剂产品新应用及在制品的配方组成，特别是对卫生、无毒性等要求高的塑料制品及民用塑料及高科技特种塑料制品中的应用。     

催化合成环保增塑剂的研究及其应用进展

综述了国内外催化合成新型增塑剂的新方法和催化反应工艺、催化剂的种类和制备,重点介绍了国内外主要新型环保增塑剂的性能、应用及研究现状,包括生物基植物油、聚酯、柠檬酸酯、偏苯三酸三酯及对苯二甲酸二辛酯类增塑剂的合成与性能,并与传统合成方法及催化剂比较,指出了我国催化合成增塑剂的趋势和增塑剂在国家高新技术领域中应用方向,提出我国增塑剂行业及新材料助剂领域的发展应着重于调整产品结构,加快非邻苯结构类、植物油基增塑剂的开发。     

增塑剂TM211的制备及其增塑的PVC的性能

选用富含不饱和共轭三键的桐油为原料,通过酯交换和D-A反应,合成了具有六元环结构的三酸三酯类化合物3-正丁基-6-(9-癸烯酸乙酯-10基)-4-环己烯二酸二甲酯(C_(22)-三元酸一乙二甲酯,TM211)。采用分子量法测定和红外光谱法确定三酯类化合物的结构,并对PVC进行塑化。研究了塑化后PVC的状态、玻璃化转变温度、拉伸性能、抗萃取性能和热失重性能。结果表明:①桐油乙酯可与马来酸二甲酯合成增塑剂TM211产品;②XRD表明,该产品可有效地破坏PVC结晶性;③DMA表明,TM211较TM188可更有效地降低PVC的T_g;④拉伸试验和扫描电镜均显示,TM211对PVC的增塑性能与DOP相当,且可提高材料的拉伸强度;TM211在水、乙醇、乙醚等5种溶剂中的耐抽出性及挥发性能均优于DOP;⑤热重分析及热解活化能表明,TM211可有效地提升PVC材料的热稳定性;⑥热重-红外-质谱联用分析表明,TM211能使PVC更稳定,原因是其降低了PVC中的HCl含量,使其更容易以氯代烃的形式分解。     

医用PVC增塑剂的应用进展

本文对PVC材料的应用,医用PVC中增塑剂的作用机理以及邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂的毒性进行了分析。同时,针对邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂可能存在的风险,要文介绍了各国采取的应对措施,以及目前可用的新型增塑剂。     

国产助剂在悬浮法PVC树脂生产中的应用

对悬浮法生产PVC树脂所用的分散剂,引发剂、防粘釜剂、热稳定剂和终止剂、pH值调节剂、抗鱼眼剂、链转移剂及消泡剂等助剂进行了详细的介绍,指出了这些助剂的国产化情况,并与国外同类产品进行了比较,有助于全面了解我国PVC生产用助剂的发展历史及现状。     

阳离子聚氨酯乳液合成及在皮革工业中的应用

本文叙述了反应性有机聚硅氧烷改性阳离子聚氨酯乳液的合成方法、产品性能及应用。     

法Adeka拟出PVC用系列稳定剂

据“European Plastics News”，2007，34（8）：56报道，法国Saint—Lonis的助剂生产厂AdekaPal—marlo公司在K2007展会上展示了其新开发和推向市场的PVC用系列热稳定剂牌号。     

PVC用助剂自产化

河北盛华化工有限公司坚持走自主创新发展道路,研制生产附加值较高的与氯碱行业相关的精细化工产品,走上了一条PVC用助剂自产化、“碱-精”结合、延伸产业产品链、减排增效的新的发展快车道。详细介绍了自主成功研制的PVC用助剂及精细化工产品——EHp、液体脂肪酸锌、SH～100防粘釜剂、BaCl2、阻垢缓蚀剂、反渗透阻垢剂的生产工艺。     

生物基增塑剂的制备及其应用研究（一）

近年来生物基增塑剂在功能性降解材料中的新应用领域不断增加,尽管市面上工业产品的增塑剂种类繁多,但仍以传统的石油基邻苯二甲酸酯类增塑剂为主。该类增塑剂长期使用后容易从PVC基质中迁移出来而对人体及环境造成严重危害。利用生物质可再生资源生产绿色无毒的环保增塑剂成为增塑剂行业发展的必然趋势。生物质可再生资源来源广泛,价格低廉,为设计绿色环保的新型PVC增塑剂提供了一个巨大的平台。本文综述了近年来国内外新型生物基增塑剂的研究进展,并指出了今后国内增塑剂及塑料加工行业助剂应用的发展方向。     

乳液法PVC生产过程中凝胶的产生及预防措施

在乳液聚合反应过程中易产生凝胶（为大小不等、形态不一的块状聚合物，小的像砂粒，大的像核桃，甚至更大，有的发软、发黏，有的则发硬、发脆，多孔，并且釜壁挂胶呈片状），不仅影响聚合釜的传热效率，降低产品收率，更重要的是出料、清釜困难，降低聚合釜的生产强度，增加产品的生产成本。     

SCEP阻燃增塑剂的合成及应用

SCEP是一种磷酸酯类阻燃增塑剂,主要用于阻燃性塑料和橡胶制品的加工工业中。它是用苯酚、对一叔丁基苯酚和三氯氧磷反应而制得的混合型三芳基磷酸酯,其最佳反应条件为：三氯氧磷的滴加温度60℃,保温温度150℃,保温时间4h。与其他阻燃增塑剂(如TCP、TCEP)相比,SCEP真有低毒、低粘度、气味小、耐光稳定性好、阻燃性能优良等特点。     

环氧增塑剂的生产工艺及其在PVC塑料加工中的应用

从环氧增塑剂的物化性能及用途、增塑剂的作用机理、PVC热降解原理、环氧增塑剂的生产工艺及应用研究等方面阐述了环氧增塑剂在PVC塑料加工中的应用。     

草酸二异辛酯的合成及增塑PVC性能研究

以钛酸正四丁酯为催化剂,草酸和异辛醇为原料,合成了草酸二异辛酯(DEHO),利用FF IR,1H-NMR对所得增塑剂进行了表征.将所得产物用于与聚氯乙烯(PVC)的共混增塑,通过拉伸、动态力学测试(DMA)、旋转流变、熔融指数等测试手段考察共混产物的静力学性能、动态力学性能、流变学性能以及加工性能.结果表明,DEHO的加入能使PVC/DEHO共混体系的拉伸强度降低,断裂伸长率升高,表现出典型的橡胶态塑料的性质;共混体系的玻璃化转变温度(tg)也大幅降低,获得良好的动态力学性能;储能模量(G ')、损耗模量(G”)、复数黏度(η*)降低一个数量级以上,表现出典型的牛顿流体的特征;熔融指数大幅升高,表明材料的加工性能也得到提升.     

Compatibility between PVC and plasticizer blends and its relation with processing

The compatibility of suspension PVC with various plasticizer blends was determined by means of calculated compatibility predictors, such as solubility parameters and polarity parameters, as well as actual measurements of compatibility. Then, with a torque rheometer, the temperature at the fusion peak was obtained for various PVC/plasticizer blend compositions. Finally, empirical equations were derived to relate compatibility parameters with the temperature at the fusion peak, predicting the effect of plasticizer blend on processability.     

New dibenzoate plasticizer blends for PVC applications

Dibenzoates plasticizers are well‐established and are used in PVC applications. Chemically, these plasticizers are non‐phthalates and function well as high‐solvating. In the past, new benzoates, dibenzoate blends, and grades were developed to keep pace with formulators' needs. More recently, a new generation of dibenzoate triblend platform has been developed to offer formulators an improved high solvator to complement general purpose plasticizer performance. A basic plastisol evaluation protocol was utilized to help determine how to formulate with these new blends. In addition to the basic data that were developed, examples of performance in starting plastisol formulations are shown. J. VINYL ADDIT. TECHNOL., 20:137–142, 2014. © 2014 Society of Plastics Engineers     

The rate of plasticizer uptake by suspension PVC

A microscopic technique employing image analysis was developed to measure the rate of swell of suspension PVC particles in both excess and finite amounts of plasticizer at temperatures below the crystalline melting point. The rates of plasticizer uptake derived from these swell measurements were found to be dependent upon the concentration of plasticizer and the rate of heating. A high value for the activation energy for plasticizer uptake was observed (60–100 kcal/mol) in agreement with earlier work. Each resin was also characterized by a total capacity for plasticizer (TC) which was found to be dependent on the resin type, the plasticizer type, and the maximum temperature achieved. An expression was derived for the rate of plasticizer uptake in a Brabender powder mix experiment. In this case the dry time is controlled by a single rate up to the maximum capacity for plasticizer of the resin (G_max). Values of G_max and TC were found to correlate on a one-to-one basis when measured at the same temperature. In all the cases investigated the rate of plasticizer uptake in the Brabender was found to correspond to a rate derived from image analysis swell at a plasticizer level of 0.25 cc/g. This behavior was in apparent contradiction to the concentration dependence generally observed and was demonstrated to be due to the large thermal gradients which exist in the Brabender powder mix head during the experiment. This work illustrates that Brabender powder mix times may have no relationship to dry times in a high speed mixer where heating is both even and higher temperatures are achieved.     

聚氯乙烯增塑剂现状与发展趋势

介绍了国内外聚氯乙烯增塑剂市场形势，分析了我国工业塑料与增塑剂的现状，发展与消费结构关系，论述了工业增塑剂行业的清洁生产工艺研究最新进展，特别是国内外采用固体超强酸，稀土固体酸，固载杂多酸及复合固体氧化物催化剂催化酯合成工业增塑剂的研究动态，指出高效，持效，无毒或低毒，无公害化的增塑剂产品，清洁化工业生产方式是全球塑料助剂的发展趋势。     

PVC/plasticizer compatibility: Evaluation and its relation to processing

The compatibility of suspension poly(vinylchloride) [PVC] with twelve different plasticizers was determined using calculated compatibility predictors, as well as actual measurements of compatibility. Solubility parameters were capable of classifying plasticizers of a given family in terms of their compatibility with PVC, but were not useful for comparing plasticizers from different families. A polarity parameter, the product of the molar mass of the plasticizer and its polarity ratio, was found to be a useful predictor of activity for monomeric plasticizers.     

Utilization of biodiesel and glycerol for the synthesis of epoxidized acyl glycerides and its application as a plasticizer

In many regions, even if waste vegetable oil is used as raw material, the profits of biodiesel (fatty acid methyl ester, FAME) enterprises still remain restricted, and they are facing environmental problems caused by the by-product glycerol. Hence, value-added utilization of FAME and glycerol is a promising alternative to improve the competitiveness of biodiesel enterprises in the economy and environmental protection. In this paper, FAME and glycerol were utilized to prepare epoxidized acyl glycerides by transesterification and epoxidation. In the transesterification, acyl glycerides were prepared by reacting FAME and glycerol catalyzed by K₂CO₃. The contents of monoacyl glyceride, diacyl glyceride, and triacyl glyceride in the acyl glycerides were about 50%, 40%, and 10%, and the optimal conditions were a temperature of 200°C and the molar ratio of FAME to glycerol of 1:1. In the epoxidation, selectivity of epoxides was significantly affected by monoacyl glyceride content, and a treatment method was developed to control the monoacyl glyceride content <5%. In addition, the plasticity of epoxidized acyl glycerides to partially substitute dioctyl phthalate in polyvinyl chloride was studied, the overall mechanical properties, thermal stability, and extraction resistance were improved. In this work, FAME and glycerol were utilized to prepare epoxidized acyl glycerides with higher value-added, which provide a potential solution for improving the market competitiveness of biodiesel enterprises.