基于WFCM算法在MRI图像分割中的应用

模糊C均值聚类(FCM)算法是一种基于非监督聚类算法。样本加权模糊C均值聚类(WFCM)算法是FCM算法的改进,该算法能够明显提高收敛速度和聚类的准确性。无论是FCM算法还是WFCM算法,对噪声都相对敏感,而且聚类数目仍然需要人工确定。在此提出一种改进算法,首先通过偏微分方程(PDE)降噪算法对原始脑MRI医学图像进行处理;其次利用聚类有效性确定最佳聚类数目,对WFCM算法进行改进;最后利用本文改进算法对图像进行聚类分割。实验表明,该方法是一种具有自动分类能力、抗噪性较好的模糊聚类图像分割算法。     

一种二型模糊可能性聚类红外图像分割算法

提出了一种新的基于二型模糊可能性聚类的红外图像分割算法。针对受概率约束的模糊聚类算法和不受概率约束的可能性聚类算法在红外图像分割时存在的问题,采用二型模糊系统融合两种分割算法的隶属度函数,将隶属度函数看作一个区间型分布,而不是单独采用两种算法输出的确定模糊值。这种处理方式不但能有效抑制噪声及野值,而且能有效防止红外图像的过分割。实验仿真结果表明,该算法较传统聚类算法能获得更好的分割效果,可有效抑制噪声对目标区域分割的干扰。     

基于直方图的图像模糊聚类分割算法

针对传统模糊C-均值聚类算法对复杂的医学、遥感图像难以获得满意分割效果问题,将图像模糊C-均值聚类引入图像分割问题研究中,提出了基于直方图的图像模糊聚类快速分割算法。将越南学者Le提出的分布式图像模糊聚类算法目标函数进行简化,得到图像模糊聚类算法目标函数;采用拉格朗日乘子法获取其迭代求解所对应的隶属度、中立度、拒分度和聚类中心表达式,设计图像模糊聚类算法并对其收敛性进行了证明。通过复杂医学和遥感图像的分割测试结果表明,新的分割算法相比现有的模糊C-均值聚类分割算法和直觉模糊C-均值聚类分割算法具有更好的分割性能。     

一种基于多重模糊聚类的红外目标分割算法

提出了一种基于多重模糊聚类的红外目标分割算法。为了实现目标的准确分割,先将原始红外图像进行四划分得到四个子图像,在各个子图像上分别进行模糊C均值聚类,再对图像进行横纵二划分各得到两个子图像,并将四划分时得到的聚类结果约束在二划分的聚类过程中,最后将二划分得到的聚类结果约束到原始图像的聚类过程中,并在其中加入邻域空间约束。此方法可有效增强背景和目标区域像素点的各自凝聚性和抗干扰性,有效提高聚类分割结果的准确性。实验结果表明,多重模糊聚类目标分割算法能准确地实现红外图像目标区域和背景区域的分离,是一种可行的目标分割算法。     

基于模糊聚类遗传算法的图像分割方法研究

图像分割是图像处理和图像分析的关键步骤,在图像工程中占据重要地位.模糊C均值聚类(FCM)算法是一种经典的模糊聚类分析方法,但其算法初始聚类原型是随机选取的,从而造成算法性能强烈地依赖聚类原型的初始化,将遗传算法强大的通用性应用于模糊聚类算法,对模糊聚类中心进行编码,然后依据FCM算法的目标函数建立适应度函数,选择适当的交叉率和变异率,最终实现基于模糊聚类遗传算法的图像分割.采用这种方法一方面能较好地解决模糊聚类对初始化敏感的问题,又能在一定程度上提高了分割速度.实验结果表明,该算法具有良好的分割效果.     

基于NSCT与FCM的多时相遥感图像的变化检测

提出了一种基于非下采样Contourlet变换和模糊C均值聚类相结合的方法。该方法首先对两时相遥感图像进行相减运算得到差异图像。再对差异图像进行NSCT多尺度分解得到子带图像,将各子带图像与差异图像本身构成特征向量。最后通过使用模糊C均值聚类算法对多尺度特征向量进行分类得到最终的变化检测结果(变化和非变化类)。该算法不受变化类和非变化类统计分布的限制,不需要先验知识,适用性强。对真实遥感数据集进行研究,实验结果表明本文方法可以得到较好的检测效果;将本文算法与传统方法相比,该方法具有更好的检测精确度和抗噪性能。     

基于上下文模糊C均值聚类的图像分割算法

像素间的上下文相关信息对图像分割算法的抗噪性和准确性具有重要意义,现有的模糊C均值(FCM)聚类算法对此缺乏充分考虑。该文基于对空间上下文的可靠性度量,提出一种模糊C均值聚类算法(RSFCM)应用于图像分割:通过对空间上下文有效建模来提高聚类算法的抗噪声干扰性能,并研究了一种新的可靠性模糊度量指标,使聚类算法能更好地平衡细节保留和去噪,从而获得更加准确的分割结果。实验选取人工合成图像、交通标志图像和遥感图像3类数据测试聚类算法性能,结果表明,RSFCM在图像分割过程中能有效地抑制椒盐噪声和高斯噪声引起的类内异构及类间同构问题,能提高图像的像素可分性,并有效地保留了图像的边缘细节。     

融合对称特性的混合标签传递半监督直觉模糊聚类图像分割

现有的直觉模糊聚类算法应用于图像分割时,往往只考虑图像的像素信息,忽略了图像的几何特征和区域信息,使得分割效果不太理想。为了提高直觉模糊聚类算法的分割性能,提出一种融合对称特性的混合标签传递半监督直觉模糊聚类算法。该算法首先对图像进行对称轴检测获取图像的对称特性,接着利用图像的对称特性进行对称像素的标签传递并改进像素对聚类中心的直觉模糊距离测度,然后设计一种混合标签传递半监督策略,对所有像素进行隶属度的估计并将其作为监督隶属度进行引入,随后构建融合对称特性的混合标签传递半监督直觉模糊聚类目标函数,通过聚类获得最终的分割结果。两个彩色图像库上的实验结果表明,该算法能够将目标从复杂背景中完整的分割出来,分割性能优于对比算法。      

基于上下文模糊C均值聚类的图像分割算法

像素间的上下文相关信息对图像分割算法的抗噪性和准确性具有重要意义,现有的模糊C均值(FCM)聚类算法对此缺乏充分考虑.该文基于对空间上下文的可靠性度量,提出一种模糊C均值聚类算法(RSFCM)应用于图像分割:通过对空间上下文有效建模来提高聚类算法的抗噪声干扰性能,并研究了一种新的可靠性模糊度量指标,使聚类算法能更好地平衡细节保留和去噪,从而获得更加准确的分割结果.实验选取人工合成图像、交通标志图像和遥感图像3类数据测试聚类算法性能,结果表明,RSFCM在图像分割过程中能有效地抑制椒盐噪声和高斯噪声引起的类内异构及类间同构问题,能提高图像的像素可分性,并有效地保留了图像的边缘细节.     

基于蜂群优化模糊聚类的遥感图像变化检测

针对模糊聚类算法容易陷入局部最优,结合人工蜂群算法的全局最优性,提出一种基于蜂群优化模糊C均值聚类的新算法,并将此算法应用到遥感图像的变化检测中。利用差值图和比值图融合的方法得出多时相遥感图像的差异图,在对差异图像进行模糊聚类生成变化类和未变化类的同时,利用人工蜂群算法对差异图进行全局搜索,较大程度地避免FCM算法陷入局部最优,也降低了FCM算法对初始解的敏感度。实验结果表明,新算法比FCM分类准确、效率更高。     

Application of log-cumulants to the detection of spatiotemporal discontinuities in multitemporal SAR images

Multitemporal satellite synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images are a useful source of information for geophysicists to monitor changing regions. In this paper, a new approach is proposed to extract from multitemporal SAR images two kinds of information: temporal changes (flooded areas, coastline erosion, etc.) and stable spatial features (roads, rivers, etc.). The novelty of the proposed approach is to detect simultaneously these two kinds of discontinuities. In a first step, the contrast and the heterogeneity information is extracted by a "multitemporal" application of the ratio of local means and by new three-dimensional texture parameters based on the log-cumulants. In a second step, the resulting attributes that measure the time variability or the presence of spatial features are merged. An interactive fuzzy fusion approach is proposed to provide end-users with a simple and easily understandable tool for tuning the change-detection results. The performances of the proposed attributes and fusion technique are presented on a set of seven multitemporal SAR images acquired by the European Remote Sensing (ERS-1) satellite.     

An adaptive semiparametric and context-based approach tounsupervised change detection in multitemporal remote-sensingimages

A novel automatic approach to the unsupervised identification of changes in multitemporal remote-sensing images is proposed. This approach, unlike classical ones, is based on the formulation of the unsupervised change-detection problem in terms of the Bayesian decision theory. In this context, an adaptive semiparametric technique for the unsupervised estimation of the statistical terms associated with the gray levels of changed and unchanged pixels in a difference image is presented. Such a technique exploits the effectivenesses of two theoretically well-founded estimation procedures: the reduced Parzen estimate (RPE) procedure and the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm. Then, thanks to the resulting estimates and to a Markov random field (MRF) approach used to model the spatial-contextual information contained in the multitemporal images considered, a change detection map is generated. The adaptive semiparametric nature of the proposed technique allows its application to different kinds of remote-sensing images. Experimental results, obtained on two sets of multitemporal remote-sensing images acquired by two different sensors, confirm the validity of the proposed approach.     

A multiple-cascade-classifier system for a robust and partially unsupervised updating of land-cover maps

A system for a regular updating of land-cover maps is proposed that is based on the use of multitemporal remote sensing images. Such a system is able to address the updating problem under the realistic but critical constraint that, for the image to be classified (i.e., the most recent of the considered multitemporal dataset) no ground truth information is available. The system is composed of an ensemble of partially unsupervised classifiers integrated in a multiple-classifier architecture. Each classifier of the ensemble exhibits the following novel characteristics: (1) it is developed in the framework of the cascade-classification approach to exploit the temporal correlation existing between images acquired at different times in the considered area; and (2) it is based on a partially unsupervised methodology capable of accomplishing the classification process under the aforementioned critical constraint. Both a parametric maximum-likelihood (ML) classification approach and a nonparametric radial basis function (RBF) neural-network classification approach are used as basic methods for the development of partially unsupervised cascade classifiers. In addition, in order to generate an effective ensemble of classification algorithms, hybrid ML and RBF neural-network cascade classifiers are defined by exploiting the characteristics of the cascade-classification methodology. The results yielded by the different classifiers are combined by using standard unsupervised combination strategies. This allows the definition of a robust and accurate partially unsupervised classification system capable of analyzing a wide typology of remote sensing data (e.g., images acquired by passive sensors, synthetic aperture radar images, and multisensor and multisource data). Experimental results obtained on a real multitemporal and multisource dataset confirm the effectiveness of the proposed system.     

An advanced system for the automatic classification of multitemporal SAR images

A novel system for the classification of multitemporal synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images is presented. It has been developed by integrating an analysis of the multitemporal SAR signal physics with a pattern recognition approach. The system is made up of a feature-extraction module and a neural-network classifier, as well as a set of standard preprocessing procedures. The feature-extraction module derives a set of features from a series of multitemporal SAR images. These features are based on the concepts of long-term coherence and backscattering temporal variability and have been defined according to an analysis of the multitemporal SAR signal behavior in the presence of different land-cover classes. The neural-network classifier (which is based on a radial basis function neural architecture) properly exploits the multitemporal features for producing accurate land-cover maps. Thanks to the effectiveness of the extracted features, the number of measures that can be provided as input to the classifier is significantly smaller than the number of available multitemporal images. This reduces the complexity of the neural architecture (and consequently increases the generalization capabilities of the classifier) and relaxes the requirements relating to the number of training patterns to be used for classifier learning. Experimental results (obtained on a multitemporal series of European Remote Sensing 1 satellite SAR images) confirm the effectiveness of the proposed system, which exhibits both high classification accuracy and good stability versus parameter settings. These results also point out that properly integrating a pattern recognition procedure (based on machine learning) with an accurate feature extraction phase (based on the SAR sensor physics understanding) represents an effective approach to SAR data analysis.     

一种改进的遥感图像变化检测算法

原有基于简单马尔可夫随机场(MRF)模型的变化检测算法基于全局一致性假设,这一假设往往与实际情况不符,影响到结果准确性。本文提出基于观察场与标号场互相关的改进MRF模型及相应的变化检测算法。以迭代条件模型解决后验概率最大化问题,为像素分类;根据当前分类,利用邻域中同类像素调整观察场中的像素特征值;以新的像素特征进一步优化分类。本文采用两段迭代算法,以多时相遥感图像的差值图像做为观察场。实验证明该算法能有效提高检测结果精度。     

基于独立成分分析的多时相遥感图像变化检测

变化检测是通过分析多时相遥感图像间的差异实现地物变化信息的提取,而消除多时相遥感图像中的相关性是提取变化信息的一种有效途径。独立成分分析(ICA)作为近年出现的盲源分离技术,能够有效地消除多源信号间的二阶和高阶相关,经其变换的各分量之间相互独立。该文提出一种应用ICA变换实现多时相遥感图像变化检测的算法,首先对多时相多光谱遥感图像进行独立成分分析,得到彼此没有相关信息的独立成分,并且各独立成分图像中的变化信息得到增强;然后通过分析变换后的独立成分实现地物的变化检测。实验结果显示该算法比传统的方法具有更好的性能。     

MultiTempGAN: Multitemporal multispectral image compression framework using generative adversarial networks

Multispectral satellites that measure the reflected energy from the different regions on the Earth generate the multispectral (MS) images continuously. The following MS image for the same region can be acquired with respect to the satellite revisit period. The images captured at different times over the same region are called multitemporal images. Traditional compression methods generally benefit from spectral and spatial correlation within the MS image. However, there is also a temporal correlation between multitemporal images. To this end, we propose a novel generative adversarial network (GAN) based prediction method called MultiTempGAN for compression of multitemporal MS images. The proposed method defines a lightweight GAN-based model that learns to transform the reference image to the target image. Here, the generator parameters of MultiTempGAN are saved for the reconstruction purpose in the receiver system. Due to MultiTempGAN has a low number of parameters, it provides efficiency in multitemporal MS image compression. Experiments were carried out on three Sentinel-2 MS image pairs belonging to different geographical regions. We compared the proposed method with JPEG2000-based conventional compression methods and three deep learning methods in terms of signal-to-noise ratio, mean spectral angle, mean spectral correlation, and laplacian mean square error metrics. Additionally, we have also evaluated the change detection performances and visual maps of the methods. Experimental results demonstrate that MultiTempGAN not only achieves the best metric values among the other methods at high compression ratios but also presents convincing performances in change detection applications.     

Multitemporal Dimensionality of Images of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index at Continental Scales

Two sets of multitemporal data derived from NOAA world data product are analyzed by means of principal components analysis in order to examine their underlying multitemporal dimensionality. Specifically, images of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) were analyzed for eight 3-week periods for Africa and ten 3-week periods for North America sampled from throughout the year extending from April 1982 to March 1983. The two multitemporal sets of images displayed remarkable similarities in terms of their first two components, the first corresponding very closely to the annualized integrated NDVI and the second to the seasonality of the NDVI. In particular, for the African data set the feature space defined by the first two components allows separation of the main cover types.     

A Context-Sensitive Technique for Unsupervised Change Detection Based on Hopfield-Type Neural Networks

In this paper, we propose a context-sensitive technique for unsupervised change detection in multitemporal remote sensing images. This technique is based on a modified Hopfield neural network architecture designed to model spatial correlation between neighboring pixels of the difference image produced by comparing images acquired on the same area at different times. Each spatial position in the considered scene is represented by a neuron in the Hopfield network that is connected only to its neighboring units. These connections model the spatial correlation between neighboring pixels and are associated with a context-sensitive energy function that represents the overall status of the network. Change detection maps are obtained by iteratively updating the output status of the neurons until a minimum of the energy function is reached and the network assumes a stable state. A simple heuristic thresholding procedure is presented and adopted for initializing the network. The proposed change detection technique is unsupervised and distribution free. Experimental results carried out on two multispectral and multitemporal remote sensing images confirm the effectiveness of the proposed technique