Trace metal levels in mushroom samples from Ordu,Turkey

The concentrations of Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni in mushroom species of Turkish origin were determined by atomic absorption spectrometry after microwave digestion. The mushrooms were collected from Ordu, Turkey. The highest Fe level was 628 mg/kg in Mycena inclinata. The highest Mn levels was 103 mg/kg in Coprinus comatus. Zn level was 162 mg/kg in Panellus stipticus. Cu level was 86.2 mg/kg in M. inclinata. Pb level was 11.4 mg/kg in P. stipticus. Cd level was 1.6 mg/kg in Panaeolus campanulatus. Cr level was 4.4 mg/kg in C. comatus and Ni level was 21.6 mg/kg in M. inclinata.     

Study of heavy metals in some cultivated and uncultivated mushrooms of Turkish origin

Twenty-four different species of uncultivated mushrooms of Turkish origin and one cultivated mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) growing in soil composts with 16 different compositions were analysed spectrometrically for their heavy metal (Pb, Cd, Hg, Fe, Cu, Mn, and Zn) contents. The highest Pb levels were 2.35 mg kg⁻¹ for the species Agaricus bitorquis and 7.00 mg kg⁻¹ for the species of Hypholoma fasciculare growing in the vicinity of the road. The highest Cd level was 3.42 mg kg⁻¹ for the species of Hydnum repandum. In the wild mushrooms the highest Fe content was 93.6 mg kg⁻¹ for the species of Bovista plumbea and the highest Cu content was 51.0 mg kg⁻¹ for the species Tricholoma terreum. The highest Mn content was 35.9 mg kg⁻¹ for the species Laccaria laccata and the highest Zn content was 31.6 mg kg⁻¹ for the species of Agaricus bitorquis.     

Heavy metals in some edible mushrooms from the Central Anatolia,Turkey

Eight trace elements (Pb, Cd, Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu, Cr and Ni) in 15 different wild-growing edible mushroom species collected from Eski?ehir, Turkey were determined. The highest Pb, Fe, Mn and Cu concentrations were 11.72, 11460, 480 and 144.2 mg/kg (dry weight basis), respectively. All of these highest metal concentrations were determined in Lepista nuda. Cadmium and chromium were determined at the highest concentrations in Gymnopus dryophilus, 3.24 and 73.8 mg/kg, respectively. The highest zinc and nickel content were observed in Tricholoma equestre and Coprinus comatus as 173.8 and 58.60 mg/kg dry matter, respectively. Mushrooms species determined as important metal accumulators were L. nuda, G. dryophilus, T. equestre and C. comatus, in this study. Heavy metal contents of all analysed mushrooms were generally higher than previously reported in the literature.     

Levels of some trace elements in edible fungi

A number of common edible fungi were analysed for their contents of Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Co, Zn, Cu, Mn and Se. The results indicate that the Cd level in the speciesRozites caperata can be as high as several mg/kg fresh weight. InLycoperdon perlatum andMacrolepiota procera the Pb level was found to be up to 2.5 mg/kg. The Ni level was at or below 0.1 mg/kg in all species, with the exception ofAlbatrellus ovinus, which had a mean concentration of 0.72 mg/kg. The level of Cr was highest inM. procera with a mean of 0.091 mg/kg. In a single sample of the speciesAgaricus augustus, the concentration of Co was found to be exceptionally high at 0.28 mg/kg. Zn and Cu levels were highest inL. perlatum andM. procera. Mn levels were fairly similar in the different species. The results of several surveys show that there can be large differences in the concentrations of the same metal (e.g. Pb) in the same species. The Se level was found to be very high in the speciesBoletus edulis, as has been shown by others. In the other species analysed the level of Se was low.     

Trace metals in sprats from the southern Baltic, 1983

Summary The cadmium, lead, copper, zinc, iron, manganese and nickel concentrations have been determined in muscle tissue of 208 sprats (Sprattus sprattus) netted in 1983 in different regions in the southern part of the Baltic Sea. The method of measurement was atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The mean values obtained related to wet weight were: 0.031 mg/ kg Cd, 0.10 mg/kg Pb, 0.59 mg/kg Cu, 14 mg/kg Zn, 12 mg/kg Fe, 0.26 mg/kg Mn and 0.23 mg/kg Ni, respectively. The mean contents of cadmium and lead in muscles of sprats were below the recommended tolerance levels of 0.05–2.0 mg/kg and 0.5–2.0 mg/kg, respectively. A small number of sprats contained cadmium in their muscles at a concentration above the tolerance of 0.05 mg/kg. The results are compared with values reported previously for Baltic sprats by other authors.

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Spurenelemente in Sprotten aus der südlichen Ostsee, 1983

Zusammenfassung Es wurden die Konzentration von Cd, Pb, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn und Ni im Muskelgewebe von 208 Sprotten (Sprattus sprattus) 1983 mit Netz in verschiedenen Regionen der südlichen Ostsee gefangen, mit Hilfe der Atomabsorptionsspektrometrie bestimmt. Mittlere Werte, bezogen auf Frischgewicht: 0,031 mg/kg Cd, 0,10 mg/kg Pb, 0,59 mg/kg Cu, 14 mg/kg Zn, 12 mg/kg Fe, 0,26 mg/kg Mn und 0,23 mg/kg Ni. Der mittlere Gehalt von Cd und Pb in den Sprotten war unter der empfohlenen Toleranzgrenze 0,05–2,0 mg/kg und 0,5–2,0 mg/kg. Ein kleiner Teil der Sprotten enthielt Cd in Konzentration über der Toleranzgrenze von 0,05 mg/kg. Die Ergebnisse wurden mit denen anderer Autoren verglichen.

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Partially with financial support under grant PR-4 (Sea Fisheries Institute)     

Trace element content of fish feed and bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) from aquaculture and wild source in Missouri

Trace element content of fish feed and bluegill sunfish muscles (Lepomis macrochirus) from aquaculture and natural pond in Missouri were determined using the inductively coupled-plasma optical emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) and the direct mercury analyzer (DMA). Dietary intake rates of trace elements were estimated. Dogfish muscle (DORM-2) and lobster hepatopancreas (TORT-2) reference standards were used in trace element recovery and method validations. The average elemental concentrations (mg/kg diet, dry wt.) of fish feed were: As 1.81, Cd 2.37, Co 0.10, Cr 1.42, Cu 8.0, Fe 404, Mn 35.9, Ni 0.51, Pb 9.16, Se 1.71, Sn 20.7, V 0.09, Zn 118 and Hg 0.07. The mean elemental concentrations (μg/kg wet wt.) in bluegill muscles from both aquaculture and wild (in parenthesis) sources were: As 0.36 (0.06), Cd 0.28 (0.01), Co 0.0 (0.0), Cr 0.52 (0.05), Cu 0.38 (0.18), Fe 17.5 (2.43), Mn 0.18 (0.24), Ni 0.18 (0.04), Pb 1.03 (0.04), Se 0.34 (0.30), Sn 0.66 (0.42), V 0.02 (0.01), Zn 6.97 (9.13) and Hg 0.06 (0.24). Kruskal–Wallis chi square indicated significant differences in As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb, Sn, V, Zn and Hg (P < 0.001), Se (P < 0.01) and Mn (P < 0.05) across the sampling locations. Dietary intake rates, estimated from weekly consumption of 228 g of aquaculture and wild bluegills, posed no health risks for approximately 85% of all samples.     

Heavy metal bioaccumulation by cultivated Agaricus bisporus from artificially enriched substrates

Cultivated Agaricus bisporus possess the ability to bioaccumulate seven heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Hg, Fe, Cu, Mn, and Zn). The cultivated champignon mushroom A. bisporus was grown in soil composts of 16 different compositions. An edible mushroom, A. bisporus was also cultivated on humic compost artificially fortified with the seven heavy metals at five different concentrations (0.1 mg/kg, 0.5 mg/kg, 1.0 mg/kg, 3.0 mg/kg, and 10.0 mg/kg) and on control substrate (0 mg/kg) on a dry weight basis. The method of measuring bioaccumulation was flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry.     

Concentrations and bioconcentration factors of minerals in yellow-cracking bolete (xerocomus subtomentosus) mushroom collected in noteć forest, poland

Abstract: Yellow‐cracking Bolete (Xerocomus subtomentosus) mushrooms and soil were collected from Note? Forest–a large forested enclave in western part of Poland. Mercury was determined by cold vapour atomic absorption spectroscopy and the other elements by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. K, P, and Mg were particularly abundant, with mean values of 46000, 8400, and 1100 mg/kg dry weight (dw) in caps followed by Na, Rb, Zn, and Ca with mean concentrations of 580, 350, 200, and 170 mg/kg dw, respectively. In descending order, the mean concentrations of Fe, Al, Cu, and Mn were 52, 49, 46, and 14 mg/kg dw, while the mean for the remaining elements was around 1.0 mg/kg dw or less. The elements such as Ca, Cu, Hg, K, Mg, Na, P, Rb, Zn, Ag, Cd, and Ni were accumulated (with bioconcentration factor (BCF) > 1), while Al, Ba, Fe, Mn, Sr, Co, Cr, and Pb were excluded (BCF < 1) in the fruiting bodies. The Pb and Cd content did not exceed the maximum levels set by the EU for cultivated mushrooms. Mercury in a conventional meal (300 g) portion of Yellow‐cracking Bolete was far below the provisionally tolerable weekly intake of 0.004 mg/kg body weight (bw) as reevaluated recently by WHO. Practical Application: The method presented in this study allows one to determine the content of 20 elements (Ag, Al, Ba, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Pb, Rb, Sr, and Zn) in caps and stipes of Yellow‐cracking Bolete (Xerocomus subtomentosus) mushrooms and soil samples collected from Poland. This study has revealed that the total Cd, Hg, and Pb dose provided to human body due to consumption of Yellow‐cracking Bolete does not pose threat to a consumer's health.     

Total mercury,cadmium and lead levels in main export fish of Sri Lanka

Total mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) levels were determined in the muscle of four commercialised exported fish species Thunnus albacares (yellowfin tuna), Xiphias gladius (swordfish), Makaira indica (black marlin) and Lutjanus sp (red snapper) collected from the Indian Ocean, Sri Lanka, during July 2009–March 2010 and measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Results show that swordfish (n = 176) contained the highest total Hg (0.90 ± 0.51 mg/kg) and Cd (0.09 ± 0.13 mg/kg) levels, whereas yellowfin tuna (n = 140) contained the highest Pb levels (0.11 ± 0.16 mg/kg). The lowest total Hg (0.16 ± 0.11 mg/kg), Cd (0.01 ± 0.01 mg/kg) and Pb (0.04 ± 0.04 mg/kg) levels were found in red snapper (n = 28). Black marlin (n = 24) contained moderate levels of total Hg (0.49 ± 0.37), Cd (0.02 ± 0.02) and Pb (0.05 ± 0.05). Even though there are some concerns during certain months of the year, this study demonstrates the safety of main export fish varieties in terms of total Hg, Cd and Pb.     

Essential elements and contaminants in tissues of commercial pelagic fish from the Eastern Mediterranean Sea

BACKGROUND: It is important to determine the concentrations of essential and non‐essential metals in fish for human health. The essential elements and contaminants (Pb and Cd) were determined seasonally in the muscle and liver of some pelagic fish species round herring (Etrumeus teres), chub mackerel (Scomber japonicus), golden grey mullet (Liza aurata) and Mediterranean horse mackerel (Trachurus mediterraneus) from the Iskenderun Bay, Eastern Mediterranean Sea. RESULTS: The Na, K, Ca and Mg were the most abundant elements in muscle and liver tissues. The Na, K, Ca and Mg concentrations in fish tissues were between 51.7 and 3426 mg kg^?1. Muscle accumulated the lowest levels of elements. Trace element and contaminant levels in muscle were highest in spring and summer. The Cu, Zn and Cr concentrations were highest in summer. The Ni, Mn and Fe concentrations were highest in spring. The maximum Pb concentrations in the muscle and liver of fish species was 0.39 and 0.80 mg kg^?1 in autumn. The maximum Cd concentration in the muscle of fish was 0.27 mg kg^?1 in spring and the maximum Cd concentration in the liver was 0.78 mg kg^?1 in summer. CONCLUSION: The Cr, Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn levels in muscle were found to be lower than permissible limits reported by various authorities. Estimated weekly and daily intake for Pb and Cd by consumption of fish muscle were far below the PTWI and PTDI values established by FAO/WHO. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

Heavy metals in vegetables grown in the Netherlands and in domestic and imported fruits

Summary The contents of cadmium, lead mercury, copper, manganese and zinc in 242 samples of 37 different species of domestic and imported fruits have been determined. Also contents of the same heavy metals, except mercury, have been determined in 205 samples of 7 species of domestic vegetables (lettuce, spinach, endive, beetroots, onions, celeriac and Swedish turnips). The median contents (in mg/kg fresh mass of the edible part) found for fruits are: Cd 0.002; Pb 0.017; Hg 0.002; Cu 0.61; Mn 0.52 and Zn 0.99. In the vegetables median levels have been found (mg/kg) of 0.009–0.073 for Cd, 0.01–0.03 for Pb, <0.2–0.3 for Cu, 0.69–1.41 for Mn and 0.95–5.5 for Zn. The contribution of fruits to the tolerable daily intakes of Cd, Pb and Hg is, for an average consumption pattern, less than 1%. On the other hand, the contribution to the recommended amounts of the essential elements Cu, Mn, and Zn is no more than 1%–3%. From the vegetables an average portion of spinach contains 19% and 2.6% of the tolerable daily amounts of Cd and Pb, respectively. For the other species of vegetables these figures are less than 5% for Cd (except for endive, 6.8%) and for lead less than 1%. Spinach contributes considerably to the need for Cu, Mn and Zn, in general more than 10% of the recommended daily amounts. The other species of vegetables contribute only from less than 1% to less than few percents.

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Schwermetalle in niederländischen Gemüsen und in inländischem und importiertem Obst

Zusammenfassung Es wurde der Gehalt an Cadmium, Blei, Quecksilber, Kupfer, Mangan und Zink in 242 Proben von 37 verschiedenen Fruchtarten, landeseigenen und importierten, bestimmt. Darüber hinaus wurde der Gehalt der gleichen Schwermetalle, außer Qeucksilber, in 205 Proben von 7 Sorten landeseigenen Gemüsen, Kopfsalat, Spinat, Endivie, rote Rüben, Zwiebeln, Sellerie und Kohlrüben ermittelt. Die Medianwerte (in mg/kg Frischsubstanz des eßbaren Anteils) für die Fruchtproben sind: Cd 0,002; Pb 0,017; Hg 0,002; Cu 0,61; Mn 0,52; Zn 0,99. In den Gemüsen betrugen die Medianwerte (mg/kg) für Cd 0,009–0,073, für Pb 0,01–0,03, für Cu <0,2–1,3, für Mn 0,69–1,41 und für Zn 0,95–5,5. Der Anteil an den duldbaren täglichen Aufnahmemengen für Cd, Pb und Hg liegt bei durchschnittlichem Verzehr von Früchten unterhalb 1%. Andererseits ist der Anteil der Früchte an den empfohlenen Mengen für die essentiellen Spurenelemente Cu, Mn und Zn bei normalem Verzehr auch nur 1%–3%. Bei den Gemüsen liefert eine Tagesportion Spinat im Durchschnitt 19% bzw. 2,6% der duldbaren täglichen Menge an Cd bzw. an Pb; bei den übrigen Gemüsearten macht das Cd weniger als 5% (außer Endivie 6,8%) und das Pb weniger als 1% aus. Spinat liefert einen wesentlichen Anteil des Bedarfs an Cu, Mn und Zn von über 10%. Der Beitrag der übrigen Gemüsearten ist im Durchschnitt nur einige Prozent.

     

Trace metals in cod from the southern Baltic, 1983

Zusammenfassung Die Konzentration von Cadmium, Blei, Kupfer, Zink, Eisen, Mangan und Nickel wurde in den Muskelgeweben von 201 Kabeljaus (Gadus morhua), gefangen in verschiedenen Regionen der südlichen Ostsee 1983, bestimmt. Die Mcßmethode war Atomabsorptions-Spektrometrie. Die mittleren erhaltenen Werte für das Frischgewicht des Muskelgewebes betrugen: 0,005 mg/kg Cd, 0,086 mg/kg Pb, 0,15 mg/kg Cu, 3,9 mg/kg Zn, 3,7 mg/kg Fe, 0,21 mg/kg Mn und 0,081 mg/kg Ni. Die Ergebnisse wurden mit den früher veröffentlichten Werten für Kabeljau und mit den anderer Autoren aus der Ostsee verglichen.Summary The cadmium, lead, copper, zinc, iron, manganese, and nickel concentrations have been determined in muscle tissue of 201 cod (Gadus morhua) netted in 1983 in different regions in the southern part of the Baltic Sea. The method of measurement was atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The mean values obtained related to wet weight (mg/kg) for cod muscle tissue were: 0.005 Cd, 0.086 Pb, 0.15 Cu, 3.9 Zn, 3.7 Fe, 0.21 Mn, and 0.081 Ni. The results are compared with values reported previously for cod from the Baltic Sea by other authors.[/p]

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Spurenelemente im Kabeljau aus der südlichen Ostsee, 1983

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Partially with financial support under grant PR-4 (Sea Fisheries Institute)     

Heavy metals in vegetables grown in The Netherlands and in domestic and imported fruits

The contents of cadmium, lead mercury, copper, manganese and zinc in 242 samples of 37 different species of domestic and imported fruits have been determined. Also contents of the same heavy metals, except mercury, have been determined in 205 samples of 7 species of domestic vegetables (lettuce, spinach, endive, beetroots, onions, celeriac and Swedish turnips). The median contents (in mg/kg fresh mass of the edible part) found for fruits are: Cd 0.002; Pb 0.017; Hg 0.002; Cu 0.61; Mn 0.52 and Zn 0.99. In the vegetables median levels have been found (mg/kg) of 0.009-0.073 for Cd, 0.01-0.03 for Pb, less than 0.2-0.3 for Cu, 0.69-1.41 for Mn and 0.95-5.5 for Zn. The contribution of fruits to the tolerable daily intakes of Cd, Pb and Hg is, for an average consumption pattern, less than 1%. On the other hand, the contribution to the recommended amounts of the essential elements Cu, Mn, and Zn is no more than 1%-3%. From the vegetables an average portion of spinach contains 19% and 2.6% of the tolerable daily amounts of Cd and Pb, respectively. For the other species of vegetables these figures are less than 5% for Cd (except for endive, 6.8%) and for lead less than 1%. Spinach contributes considerably to the need for Cu, Mn and Zn, in general more than 10% of the recommended daily amounts. The other species of vegetables contribute only from less than 1% to less than few percents.     

Toxic and essential elements in soft wheat grain cultivated in Serbia

A survey was carried out with the aim of assessing the level of some toxic (Cd, Pb, Hg and As) and essential (Cu, Zn, Fe and Mn) elements in wheat grown in Serbia. A total of 433 samples of soft winter wheat grain from all the Serbian wheat-growing regions were pooled into 52 representative samples for 2002 harvest. After wet digestion, Cd, As, and Pb were determined by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS), whereas Cu, Zn, Fe and Mn were determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). Vapour generation accessory was used for Hg determination. The mean and median contents of all samples were (on a dry weight basis) 29 and 24 g/kg for Cd, 137 and 87 g/kg for Pb, 7 and <0.1 g/kg for Hg, 55 and 59 g/kg for As, 4.1 and 4.0 mg/kg for Cu, 24 and 24 mg/kg for Zn, 53 and 53 mg/kg for Fe, 34 and 33 mg/kg for Mn. The calculated mean and median levels of contamination were compared with the recommended or regulated maximum levels according to the European Commission and the national legislation. The average intake of eight selected elements from wheat-based products was estimated for the Serbian population.     

Heavy metal levels in two fish species Leuciscus cephalus and Lepomis gibbosus

The concentrations of heavy metals (Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn) were measured in muscle, gill and liver of two fish species (Leuciscus cephalus and Lepomis gibbosus) caught from Saricay, South-West Anatolia. Levels of metals varied depending on different tissues in species. The mean concentrations (μg g⁻¹ wet weight) of heavy metals in tissues of Leucis cephalus were as follows: Cd: 0.010–0.084, Co: nd–0.131, Cu: 0.193–2.611, Fe: 4.240–172.000, Mn: 0.112–24.230, Pb: 0.068–0.874, Zn: 6.350–28.550, and in tissues of Lepomis gibbosus were as follows; Cd: 0.008–0.082, Co: nd–0.233, Cu: 0.065–4.360, Fe: 11.200–125.000, Mn: nd–12.434, Pb: 0.070–0.920, Zn: 6.540–16.064. Ni was not determined in all organs studied.     

Market Survey and Risk Assessment for Trace Metals in Edible Fungi and the Substrate Role in Accumulation of Heavy Metals

Levels of cadmium (Cd), arsenic (As), mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn) were investigated in 285 samples of 9 species of edible fungi (Lentinus edodes, Auricularia auricula, Pleurotus ostreatus, Tremella fuciformis, Flammulina velutipes, Agrocybe chaxinggu, Armillaria mellea, Agaricus bisporus, and Pholiota nameko), which were collected from markets in Beijing, China. In addition, edible fungi and culture substrates were collected from 7 cultivation bases to examine the role of the substrate in trace metal accumulation. Trace metal concentrations were determined on a dry weight basis. Data showed that all the edible fungi contained trace metals, the levels of which varied among species, and there were significant positive correlations between trace metal (Cd, Pb, and As) concentrations in mushrooms and their substrates. The concentrations of Cd, As, Hg, Pb, Fe, and Zn in the tested fungi ranged from 0.005 to 13.8 mg/kg, nd to 1.62 mg/kg, nd to 0.506 mg/kg, 0.011 to 22.1 mg/kg, 46.3 to 2514 mg/kg, and 14.6 to 289 mg/kg, respectively. In general, concentrations of Cd, As, Hg, Pb, Fe, and Zn were relatively high in L. edodes, whereas Tremella fuciformis and P. nameko had relatively low levels of trace metals. Furthermore, the estimated weekly intake of trace metals was calculated and compared with the WHO/FAO provisional tolerable weekly intake. The estimated weekly intake of Cd, As, Hg, Pb, Fe, and Zn from consuming edible fungi was lower than the provisional tolerable weekly intake.     

Lead and cadmium in foods/drinking water from Slovenian market/taps: Estimation of overall chronic dietary exposure and health risks

ABSTRACT

Approximately 3000 food samples from the Slovenian market and 2500 drinking (tap) water samples in the period 2011 ? 2016 were evaluated for the presence of toxic elements lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) and the overall chronic dietary exposure was assessed for each element. The highest mean concentrations were found for Pb in products for special nutritional use – dietary supplements (0.383 mg/kg) and for Cd in fish and seafood (0.117 mg/kg). The consumption data were obtained from the national study of the household budget and from the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) summary statistics. Chronic dietary exposure was estimated deterministically. The average Pb and Cd intakes from food and drinking (tap) water ranged for children from 0.90 to 1.021 µg/kg bw/day and 4.65 to 5.65 µg/kg bw/week, respectively, and for adults, including adolescents, from 0.40 to 0.53 µg/kg bw/day and 1.98 to 2.82 µg/kg bw/week, respectively. The high consumption of cereal-based foods and vegetables contributed most to overall Pb and Cd intake in the majority of the age groups. The exposure to Pb was generally lower and that to Cd was higher compared to the average EU values. The most exposed were children, as the health-based guidance values were exceeded for both elements, which indicates a health concern. An important contribution to Cd exposure can be attributed to grains and potatoes grown in Slovenia, where the soil contains more Cd than that in other EU countries. Further efforts to reduce Pb and Cd intake are required to minimize potential health risks.     

Trace mineral profiles of the bivalve species Chamelea gallina and Donax trunculus

In this study, ICP-MS was used to determine concentrations of trace minerals found in these two economically important bivalvia species. Samples were collected from the Sea of Marmara in Turkey over a 12-month period in 2006–2007. The concentrations of Pb, Cu, Zn, Fe, Al, Mn, and Ni were significantly higher in Donax trunculus than in Chamelea gallina (p < 0.05). By contrast, Hg and Cd levels in C. gallina were significantly higher than in D. trunculus. Based on the limits set by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), our results suggest that these two species do not represent a risk for human consumption when the soft tissue is consumed with moderation. Highest arsenic concentrations of C. gallina and D. trunculus were found in spring samples (3.125 mg/kg and 3.669 mg/kg). Arsenic levels should be monitored in the future.     

电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法测定食品 添加剂硫酸锌中铁、锰、铅、镉

目的建立一种用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法(ICP-OES)测定食品添加剂硫酸锌中铁、锰、铅、镉的方法。方法试样用水溶解后,采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定试液中铁、锰、铅、镉的含量,标准曲线法定量。结果试样中铁、锰、铅、镉的检测限分别为0.5 mg/kg、0.1 mg/kg、0.1 mg/kg、0.1 mg/kg。重复性和精密度好,RSD5%,回收率在90%~120%,符合国标要求。样品检测结果与国家标准方法的结果基本一致。结论本方法操作简便,结果准确可靠。适用于食品添加剂硫酸锌中多种杂质元素的高通量、快速检测。     

Trace elements and metals in farmed sea bass and gilthead bream from Tenerife Island, Spain

The aim of this study was to determine the levels of metals (Ca, K, Na, Mg) and trace metals (Ni, Fe, Cu, Mn, Zn, Pb, Cd) in two fish species (gilthead bream [Sparus aurata] and sea bass [Dicentrarchus labrax]) collected from fish farms located along the coast of Tenerife Island. Ca, K, Na, Mg, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Mn were measured by flame atomic absorption spectrometry, whereas Pb, Cd, and Ni were determined using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Mean Fe, Cu, Mn, and Zn contents were 3.09, 0.59, 0.18, and 8.11 mg/kg (wet weight) in S. aurata and 3.20, 0.76, 0.24, and 10.11 mg/kg (wet weight) in D. labrax, respectively. In D. labrax, Ca, K, Na, and Mg levels were 1,955, 2,787, 699.7, and 279.2 mg/kg (wet weight), respectively; in S. aurata, they were 934.7, 3,515, 532.8, and 262.8 mg/kg (wet weight), respectively. The Pb level in S. aurata was 7.28 ± 3.64 μg/kg (wet weight) and, in D. labrax, 4.42 ± 1.56 μg/kg (wet weight). Mean Cd concentrations were 3.33 ± 3.93 and 1.36 ± 1.53 μg/kg (wet weight) for D. labrax and S. aurata, respectively. All Pb and Cd levels measured were well below the accepted European Commission limits, 300 and 50 μg/kg for lead and cadmium, respectively.