Fatty acid composition in some selected marine fish species living in Turkish waters

The muscle fatty acid (FA) composition of 12 selected marine fish species living in Turkish waters was determined. FA profiles of muscle were compared in terms of total and individual saturated (SFAs) and unsaturated fatty acids. Total SFA, monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n‐3 PUFA) and n‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n‐6 PUFA) contents as well as n‐3/n‐6 FA and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)/docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) ratios differed (P < 0.01) in all fish species. Palmitic acid (16:0) among total SFAs, oleic acid (18:1n‐9) among MUFAs, DHA (22:6n‐3) among n‐3 PUFAs and 18:2n‐6 and 20:4n‐6 among n‐6 PUFAs were the most abundant FAs. The ratio of n‐3/n‐6 PUFA contents, indicating the availability of n‐3 PUFAs that are beneficial for human health, ranged from 2.67 to 12.61. The EPA/DHA ratio was between 0.17 and 0.83 in the marine fish species studied. Copyright © 2005 Society of Chemical Industry     

Fatty acid composition and cholesterol content of different ostrich muscles

Six different muscles from the left legs of 19 African Black ostriches were analysed for cholesterol content and fatty acid composition. Cholesterol content differed (p < 0.05) from 56.61 mg/100 g in the M. femorotibialis medius to 71.12 mg/100 g in the M. iliofemoralis. Although the percentage of individual fatty acids differed (p < 0.05) between muscles, and variation were found within muscles, the percentage of total saturated, monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids were relatively constant between muscles. The M. iliofemoralis presented a w6:w3 ratio of 5.21, while this characteristic was constant around a mean value of 3.93 in all other muscles.     

Fatty acid composition of eight species of Indian marine fish

Tropical fish oils were found to be relatively saturated. The species examined showed wide variations in myristic acid (2 to 11.3), palmitic (20 to 35) stearic (7 to 16), C_18:1 (7.9 to 24), C_20:5 (1 to 11) and C_22:6 (2 to 10). Mussel lipids and lipids of mullet contained very high percentages of odd numbered fatty acids.     

Fatty acid composition and volatile compounds of selected marine oils and meals

BACKGROUND: Although volatile compounds characterising seafood have been studied extensively, no similar data are available regarding the volatiles of raw materials used in fish feed. Therefore the aim of this study was to make an initial screening of the volatiles of various common marine raw materials used in the aquaculture feed industry. Nine commercial marine oils (German (GFO1, GFO2 and GFO3) and Norwegian (NFO) fish oils and salmon (SO1 and SO2), tuna (TO), sardine (SRDO) and shrimp (SHO) oils) and eight commercial marine meals (Peruvian (PFM1 and PFM2), Danish (DFM1 and DFM2) and prime quality (PQFM1 and PQFM2) fish meals and Antarctic krill meals (KM1 and KM2)) were analysed for their fatty acid profiles and volatile flavour compounds. The relation between fatty acids and volatiles was examined. RESULTS: The highest polyunsaturated fatty acid and eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5ω3) contents and ω3/ω6 ratio were found in NFO. The fatty acid composition of all marine meals except krill meals was found to be more variable among batches than that of marine oils. Regarding volatiles, all marine raw materials were characterised by the complete absence or negligible levels of eight‐ and nine‐carbon alcohols and carbonyls. All marine oils were found to have high 2‐ethyl furan, 2‐methylenebutyl cyclopropane, hexanal, 2,4‐octadiene and 3,5‐octadiene contents. Marine meals, unlike marine oils, were characterised by the almost complete absence of unsaturated and cyclic hydrocarbons and terpenes and very low levels of furans. CONCLUSION: Volatiles of marine meals differ from those of marine oils. Unlike fatty acids which give useful traceability information, volatiles seem to fail in this role owing to their strong variability. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

Fatty acid and amino acid composition of three local Malaysian Channa spp. fish

The objective of this current study was to analyze the biochemical compositions of three Malaysian Channa spp. fish. The proximate analysis revealed that the protein content of Channa lucius, Channa micropeltes and Channa striatus was 19.9%, 22.1%, 23.0% (% of dry weight), respectively. The total lipid content was generally high, ranging from 5.7% to 11.9% and crude ash ranged from 1.0% to 1.8%. The major amino acids were glutamic acid, aspartic acid and lysine, ranging from 9.7% to 21.7%, and the most abundant fatty acid in Channa spp. was C16:0, ranging from 25.6% to 30.4%. The other major fatty acids detected were C22:6, C18:1 and C18:0. The level of arachidonic acid (C20:4) was unusually high in C. striatus (19.02%). The levels of DHA in these fish would also explain the use of Channa spp., especially C. striatus, which has been used for centuries for reducing pain, inflammation and promote wound healing in Malaysia.     

Fatty acid composition and cholesterol content of muscles as related to genotype and vitamin E treatment in crossbred lambs

Various factors (weight, sex, diet and breed) influence meat lamb fatty acid composition. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the lipid profile in two different lamb types. Sixty crossbred lambs (Ile de France×Pagliarola and Gentile di Puglia×Sopravissana) were used to determine cholesterol, lipid content and fatty acid profile of Longissimus dorsi, Semimembranosus and Gluteobiceps muscles. Moreover, the effect of vitamin E treatment in vivo on propensity of the lamb meat to lipoperoxidation was assessed. In both crossbreeds total muscle lipids ranged between 2.4 and 4.0 mg/100 g. In the Ile de France×Pagliarola lambs a lower percentage of saturated fatty acids and a low atherogenic index were found. The vitamin E treatment reduced significantly the lipoperoxidation, without difference between the two crossbreeds.     

不同地区油菜籽脂肪酸组成及含量

采用气相色谱法对不同地区多个品种油菜籽的脂肪酸组成及含量进行分析。结果表明：不同地区各油菜籽品种所含脂肪酸组成基本相同,均含有17种脂肪酸,脂肪酸种类比较丰富;油菜籽中含量较多的脂肪酸有油酸、芥酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸和花生一烯酸,各品种油菜籽间油酸、芥酸和花生一烯酸含量差异较大,亚油酸和亚麻酸含量差异较小;杂交、丰油10号和杂双5号油菜籽可作为丰富的油酸、亚油酸来源,搏优6号和皖油13油菜籽可作为丰富的花生一烯酸来源,南阳红、秦优9号、花菜子和四月红油菜籽可作为丰富的芥酸来源,杂双5号油菜籽可作为低芥酸菜籽油的原料来源;种植土壤对杂交油菜籽脂肪酸含量影响较大,而丰油10号油菜籽脂肪酸含量不受种植土壤的影响,无论是杂交油菜籽还是丰油10号油菜籽,在相同种植土壤条件下,即使来自不同地区,同品种油菜籽脂肪酸含量均无明显差异。     

Blue-back fish: Fatty acid profile in selected seasons and retention upon baking

The effects of the catching season (either Autumn/Winter or Spring) on lipid content, fatty acid profile and true retention values after oven baking were determined in anchovy (Engraulis encrasicholus), sardine (Sardina pilchardus), sprat (Sprattus sprattus) and horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus) from the North Adriatic sea. In the raw state, the catching season induced significant changes in the flesh lipid contents of sardine and sprat. Anchovy was the species whose fatty acid composition of flesh lipids was most clearly affected by the season of catch. Oven baking had a significant, though rather modest, effect on some fatty acids and indices of sardine and anchovy lipids. When compared to the other species within the same season, spring sardine and winter sprat gave significantly higher true retention values for several individual fatty acids and some sums. Between 1 and 2.5 servings/week (depending on season) of either cooked anchovy, sardine, sprat, or 3 servings of cooked spring horse mackerel would suffice to satisfy human weekly requirements of EPA + DHA.     

Fatty acid composition of backfat in large white pigs selected for low backfat thickness

Samples of midback fat were taken from 157 Large White boars and analysed for fatty acid composition and melting point of lipid. Seventy-seven boars were from a line showing fast efficient growth and low backfat depth (selection line) and 80 from a random-mated control line. All were performance-tested from 27 to 87 kg liveweight on ad libitum feeding.

Selection line pigs required 6 % less feed per kilogramme liveweight gain and had thinner backfat at each point of measurement (16–27 %) than the controls but there was no line difference in daily liveweight gain. Selection line pigs had ‘eye muscles’ which were slightly paler and had a greater drip loss than the controls.

The fatty acid composition and melting point of the lipid extracted from backfat was similar between the lines except that the concentration of linoleic acid (C18:2) in both inner and outer layers was some 14% higher in the selection line. There were significant negative correlations between the concentration of C18:2 and the various backfat measurements. Positive correlations were found between some backfat measurements and the concentration of stearic acid (C18:0), particularly in the selection line.

Variation in melting point in both layers was more strongly related to variation in the concentration of C18:0 than to that of any other fatty acid.     

Fatty acid profile, cholesterol content and tenderness of meat from Podolian young bulls

Fatty acid profile, cholesterol content and sensory properties of meat from Podolian young bulls were evaluated. The percentage of saturated fatty acids was higher for LD and lower for SM and ST muscles (P<0.001). Oleic and stearic fatty acids constituted more than 50% of the total fatty acids in all muscles studied. The meat produced by Podolian young bulls showed a favourable percentage content of polyunsaturated fatty acids and a beneficial ratio P/S. Conversely, the ratio n-6/n-3 exceeded the recommended value in the human diet. Changing the time of ageing from 8 to 15 days produced an increment of MDA (P<0.01). The differences in MDA content observed between meat samples aged 8 and 15 days were still detectable after 4 and 8 months of frozen storage. The extension of the ageing period from 8 to 15 days produced an increase in tenderness (P<0.05) and flavour intensity (P<0.01).     

Proximate composition and selected mineral content of commercially important fish species from the black sea

Proximate composition, selected mineral (Zn, Fe, Cd, As, Hg, Pb, Ni, Cu) content and fatty acid profiles were determined in some widely consumed fish species obtained from the Black Sea. All fish species analysed individually were fairly high in protein (14·1–25·1%) and lipid (7·4–18·4%). Moisture and ash content varied within a narrow range. The mineral content was highly variable. The most abundant microelements in fish were Zn and Fe followed by Cu, and the remaining elements were present in amounts below toxic levels. Eight fatty acids (16: 0, 16:1, n-7, 18: 0, 18:1 n-9, 18: 2 n-6, 20:1 n-9, 20: 5 n-3, 22: 6 n-3) represented more than 60% of the fatty acid content. Saturated fatty acids ranged from 25·8 to 45·1%. Anchovy and whiting contained almost 35% of polyunsaturated fatty acids. The percentage of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) exceeded that of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in almost all the fish species examined, and the actual content of these acids has shown that sprat, whiting, garfish, red mullet, shad and sea bream provide the recommended daily intake of 1 g of EPA+DHA with reasonable amounts of fillet. These results indicate that biological differences existing in fish species can influence the values to be set for the standards and composition. © 1998 Society of Chemical Industry.     

湖南省环洞庭湖地区日常食用鱼脂肪酸的组成与分析

目的 分析湖南省环洞庭湖地区消费量较大的3种不同食性鱼类不同部位脂肪酸的组成及差异.方法 选取长沙、岳阳和常德市具有代表性的鱼类,取其背部、腹部等可食部分.利用气相色谱法对其脂肪酸含量进行测定及统计分析,获得脂肪酸指纹图谱.结果 3种鱼类饱和脂肪酸以棕榈酸为主,含量为272～1198 mg/100 g,单不饱和脂肪酸以...     

Fatty acid content and composition of english beef, lamb and pork at retail

We have determined the fatty acid content and composition of retail samples of meat and assessed them with respect to UK dietary recommendations. Fifty beef sirloin steaks, pork chops and lamb chops were purchased from four supermarkets on separate occasions. The percentage of muscle (boneless basis) in the samples was 84.4 ± 4.3, 69.8 ± 7.7 and 78.9 ± 7.1 for beef, lamb and pork, respectively, with fatty acid contents of 3.84 ± 1.3, 4.73 ± 1.66 and 2.26 ± 0.7 g per 100 g muscle, respectively. Adipose tissue fatty acid contents were 70.0 ± 8.2, 70.6 ± 8.6 and 65.3 ± 9.4 g per 100 g tissue. A range of C20 and C22 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) was present in the muscle of all three species and pork adipose tissue but their concentrations in lamb and beef adipose tissue were too low to measure. The mean P:S ratios for beef, lamb and pork muscle were (adipose tissue values in parentheses): 0.11 (0.05); 0.15 (0.09) and 0.58 (0.61), and the n−6:n−3 ratios were 2.1 (2.3), 1.3 (1.4) and 7.2 (7.6). We conclude that the muscles of red meat species are a valuable source of PUFA, particularly the C20 and C22 n−3 fatty acids, in the human diet and that, considered as part of a varied diet, the low P:S ratio of the ruminant muscle, the high n−6:n−3 ratio of pork and the total fatty acid contents do not detract significantly from the nutritional value of lean meat.     

32株海洋微藻总脂含量及其脂肪酸组成的研究

对4个门 (金藻门、硅藻门、绿藻门、蓝藻门) 的32株海洋微藻进行特定条件下的一次性培养, 在指数生长末期采收, 对其进行总脂含量和脂肪酸组成的分析.结果表明,13株海洋微藻的总脂含量超过干重的10%, 达11.02%～29.27%, 其他19株在3.92%～9.72%之间.每一门的微藻脂肪酸组成都有各自特点,金藻门中含大量17∶0、14∶1、16∶1、22∶1n9、18∶2n6t、18∶3n6、20∶2、20∶4n6、20∶5n3、22∶6n3;硅藻门中16∶1、22∶1n9、18∶3n6、20∶2、20∶4n6含量较高;绿藻门中17∶0、22∶1n9、24∶1、18∶2n6t、18∶3n6、20∶2、20∶4n6、20∶5n3、22∶6n3含量较高,且基本都含有20∶5n3、22∶6n3;蓝藻门中的聚球藻富含23∶0、22∶1n9、18∶3n6、20∶2、22∶6n3.32株海洋微藻的长链脂肪酸的含量都很高,均在70%以上.