Conjugate heat transfer between internal forced and external natural convections with wall conduction

A new method which combines analytical and numerical solutions is presented for analyzing coupled transport phenomena between multiple regions. The method was applied to simulate heat transfer from hot laminar forced downward convection in a parallel plate duct to external natural convection through a finite section of one wall. Obtained numerical results showed that the longitudinal wall conduction markedly relaxed the thermal interaction between the two convection systems. Experiments were also performed, using conducting walls made of aluminum, stainless steel and granite. Predicted temperature profiles agreed well with the experimental data.     

水泥窑窑体表面换热系数的计算方法

提出了一种计算水泥窑窑体面换热系数的新方法。这种方法充分考虑了强制对流，自然对流，热辐射和窑体大小对换热系数的影响。推导了窑体表面强制对流与自然对流的换热关系式，通过互相比较得到了可忽略强制对流域自然对流的条件。结果表明，大多数情况下窑体表面的强制流换热数量极相等。因此利用向量总和法建立了混合对流换热关系式。进一步的研究发现，辐射散热所占的比例很大，采用黑度小的材料可显著降低熟料热耗。该方法...     

A three-dimensional model for suspension-to-membrane-wall heat transfer in circulating fluidized beds

A three-dimensional model is proposed for both furnace-side and wall-side heat transfer in circulating fluidized beds with membrane walls. Following previous publications (Int. J. Heat Mass Transfer (2003a, b)), a core-annulus flow structure is employed in the model, with consideration of the membrane wall influence on bed hydrodynamics. The model couples radiation, conduction and convection on the furnace side to conduction and convection on the wall side. Radiation in the wall layer is simulated by the moment method. A finite-element method is employed to solve the set of non-linear, partial differential equations. The solution is demonstrated for a typical example. The model gives predictions of suspension-to-wall heat transfer which show satisfactory agreement with published experimental data.     

热管纺丝传热机理研究

详细探讨了热管内纤维与热管、纤维与空气气流及空气气流与热管之间的传热平衡关系,导出了一组热传导微分方程组,并利用计算机进行纺丝模拟,详细讨论了热管最低加热温度及对适宜的生产加热温度进行了选择及比较。     

大型储油罐温降过程的研究进展

大型储油罐内原油的液位静止后的降温过程是一个伴随着导热、自然对流、太阳热辐射、相变以及移动边界的不稳定传热的过程,目前大型储油罐降温过程的研究方法主要采用试验测试和数值计算法。针对储油罐内部的原油导热和储油罐与外部环境传热等方面,对大型储油罐温降过程的研究现状迚行了分析,指出在计算大型储油罐的温降时需要处理好罐内原油的自然对流以及其具有移动边界的析蜡相变传热等问题,才能对大型储油罐的静液位降温过程迚行正确的研究。     

箱装发射药储存时的安全性及能量分析

采用大型通用计算程序PHOENICS（1．4版本）对箱装发射药中含有内部热源的非稳态导热与自然对流换热及辐射换热的耦合问题进行了数值求解。分析和比较了在直角坐标和贴体坐标下发射药内部靠近中心处的最高温度随时间的变化趋势,并对发射药的安全性及发射药所含有的能量进行了分析。     

Analysis of solar‐driven gasification of biochar trickling through an interconnected porous structure

The efficient transfer of high‐temperature solar heat to the reaction site is crucial for the yield and selectivity of the solar‐driven gasification of biomass. The performance of a gas‐solid trickle‐bed reactor constructed from a high thermal conductivity porous ceramic packing has been investigated. Beech char particles were used as the model feedstock. A two‐dimensional finite‐volume model coupling chemical reaction with conduction, convection, and radiation of heat within the packing was developed and tested against measured temperatures and gasification rates. The sensitivity of the gasification rate and reactor temperatures to variations of the packing's pore diameter, porosity, thermal conductivity, and particle loading was numerically studied. A numerical comparison with a moving bed projected a more uniform temperature distribution and higher gasification rates due to the increased heat transfer via combined radiation and conduction through the trickle bed. © 2014 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 867–879, 2015     

泡沫金属在熔盐相变蓄热中的强化传热特性

搭建了熔盐蓄热特性实验平台,开展相变蓄热过程传热特性实验研究。建立了蓄热容器二维轴对称、瞬态固液相变数学模型,相变过程模拟采用Solidfication & melting模型,相变区域采用Boussinesq近似,对比了纯硝酸盐蓄热工况和填加泡沫金属后蓄热工况数值模拟结果。采用实验与数值模拟相结合的方法,重点分析了泡沫金属对熔盐蓄热过程的强化传热作用。结果表明,填加泡沫金属能够有效提高熔盐换热速率,泡沫金属孔隙率越小强化蓄热效果越显著。泡沫铜的热导率较高,相对于泡沫镍和泡沫铝有更好的强化传热效果,蓄热速率是纯硝酸盐蓄热的1.6倍。在相变蓄热后期自然对流换热占主导地位,此时泡沫金属会抑制自然对流。同时,填加的泡沫金属越靠近容器中心位置,对自然对流抑制作用越强,蓄热性能越差。     

含内热源的梯形腔自然对流换热数值模拟

引言 封闭腔体内的自然对流换热问题在实际工程中有着重要应用,因而受到越来越多的关注,工程实际中常用的腔体结构有方腔、圆形腔、三角形腔等.     

永磁梯度磁场布置方式对空气自然对流换热的影响

梯度磁场可用于控制非导电弱磁性介质的自然对流换热过程。利用钕-铁-硼永磁系统的不同空间布置，构建了具有不同磁场强度分布的梯度磁场，通过数值模拟得到了不同永磁梯度磁场的磁场强度和磁加速度。对不同梯度磁场作用下的二维封闭腔内的空气自然对流换热过程进行了数值研究，获得了空气自然对流的流场和温度场，以及壁面局部Nusselt数和平均Nusselt数并进行了比较。结果表明：空气自然对流换热可以通过施加具有不同磁加速度的梯度磁场得到强化或控制。     

石蜡乳状液高温潜热输送材料的传热特性

石蜡乳状液高温潜热输送材料是一种在80～90℃之间存在相变的流体。由于相变潜热的存在,石蜡乳状液在相变区间内的储热、载热密度远大于水,且集储热与潜热输送于一体,适用于余热利用、太阳能利用和集中供热等领域,具有广阔的应用前景。研究了定热流条件下石蜡乳状液在管内的强制对流换热特性。结果表明,与纯水相比,虽然石蜡乳状液的有效比热大,但其对流传热系数低,且浓度越高,对流传热系数越低。实验发现入口温度对石蜡乳状液对流传热系数的影响不大,但随着入口温度升高,对流传热系数有增大的趋势。最后获得了石蜡乳状液对流换热量纲1关系式。     

表面辐射对部分填充吸湿性多孔介质的封闭腔体内热湿耦合传递的影响

根据多孔介质热质传递原理, 基于有限元的方法数值分析了具有表面热辐射的部分填充吸湿性多孔介质的封闭腔体内部自然对流流动及热湿耦合传递过程, 探讨了表面发射率、Rayleigh数和Darcy数等参数对封闭腔体内部自然对流流动及热湿耦合传递过程的影响, 研究结果表明, 壁面热辐射的作用可以提高多孔介质内部的温度, 而且随着表面发射率的增大, 多孔介质内部的水分逐步向其右上角迁移和聚集。另外, Darcy数、多孔介质与空气的热导率比对方腔内部多孔介质的热量传递和水分迁移影响较小。     

Transient combined radiative and conductive heat transfer in plastics

By the addition of metal and oxide particles to plastics, thermal transport properties, heat capacity, and density of polymers can be varied systematically. Radiation effects in a particle filled with various fillers become more important and transient temperature responses including radiation can be significantly different from those by conduction alone. Transient combined conduction–radiation heat transfer is analyzed in a non‐gray layer of plastics, submitted to several thermal and radiative boundary conditions. The numerical method is an implicit finite difference procedure with nonuniform space and time increments. Coupling problems for the prescribed temperatures, prescribed radiative–conductive heat exchange laws, and mixed kind thermal boundary conditions are worked out for opaque as well as vitreous interfaces with specular reflections. Solutions are given to demonstrate the effect of different parameters, such as radiation–conduction parameter, radiation–convection parameter, and emissivity of the surfaces on temperature distribution and heat flux profiles across the layer. J. VINYL. ADDIT. TECHNOL., 11:28–37, 2005. © 2005 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Mixed convection mass transfer studies of opposing and aiding flow in a parallel plate electrochemical flow cell

Studies of combined natural and forced convection in a vertical parallel plate electrochemical cell in laminar conditions in cases of opposing and aiding flow are reported. In an ongoing project it was necessary to identify conditions in which natural convection had no significant influence on mass transfer rates at the cell walls so that data could be validly compared with purely laminar flow computational models. For the different electrode lengths investigated, natural convection dominated at low Reynolds number and there was no Reynolds number dependence. At high Reynolds number the data approached the laminar flow solution. At intermediate Reynolds number, however, there existed a distinct region where free and forced convection were significant. At high electrolyte concentrations data did not merge with laminar flow equations until Re=1000 and low electrolyte concentration data for the large plate could not be compared with numerical predictions below Re of 250. An attempt was made to compare the data with those of other workers on combined forced and natural convection heat and mass transfer.     

双周期温度边界下多孔介质方腔内自然对流传热数值模拟

采用局部非热平衡模型及方腔左右两侧壁面温度正弦波变化边界条件,数值分析了具有内热源多孔介质方腔内的稳态非达西自然对流传热。探讨了不同温度波动参数N及波动相位差τ对方腔内自然对流传热的影响。结果表明:方腔两侧壁面出现了周期性分布的温度场,随着N值的增加,方腔内流场及温度场分布逐渐趋向于壁面均一温度边界情况。壁面局部Nu沿着高度方向呈现周期性分布。相对于均一温度的边界条件而言,正弦波温度边界条件在一定程度上强化了多孔介质方腔内的整体传热过程,随着N值的增加,方腔处于温度波动边界时的散热值Q逐渐趋向于均一温度边界时的情况。     

LNG输送管道耦合传热的数值模拟

对LNG输送管道与其周围环境之间的耦合传热过程进行分析,包括管道与保温层之间的导热以及保温层与周围环境之间的对流传热和辐射,并对LNG输送管道的冷量损失进行了较为完整的分析和计算。用数值仿真对管道周围的流场和温度场进行模拟和分析,比较了不同厚度的保温材料、Reynolds数、环境温度以及阳光辐射等对冷量损失的影响。结果表明保温材料特性对LNG输送管道的冷量损失影响较为敏感。随着保温材料热阻的增加,Reynolds数、环境温度以及阳光辐射对冷量的损失的影响逐渐减小。     

以最佳温度均匀度和最小熵产为目标的航天器热循环试验系统运行参数优化

以数值模拟的方法研究了不同运行参数下航天器热循环试验箱内温度均匀度与熵产的变化规律。结果表明,在4.3×10³≤Re≤8.6×10⁵、4.62×10¹³≤Gr≤1.38×10¹⁴范围内,由于强浮升力的作用,壁面附近出现回流区,温度由上往下降低,中轴线附近气体加速下沉,温度由上往下升高。箱内量纲1温度标准偏差随Reynolds数增大而增大,随Grashof数变化不明显;混合对流过程中流动熵产远小于传热熵产,熵产数值随Reynolds数、Grashof数的增大而增大。提出了壁面Nusselt数、试验箱内量纲1平均温度、量纲1温度标准偏差及量纲1传热熵产随Reynolds数、Grashof数变化的关联式。     

Thermal resistance of steam‐generator tube deposits under single‐phase forced convection and flow‐boiling heat transfer

Measurements were made of the thermal resistance of porous deposits of various thicknesses under both single‐phase forced convection and flow‐boiling conditions. Both synthetic deposits and deposits on tubes removed from operating steam generators were used in this investigation. The thermal resistance was modeled as the sum of two components: one associated with conduction through the porous deposit and a second associated with the effect of surface roughness. The conductive component of the thermal resistance was always positive, whereas surface roughness made a negative contribution to the thermal resistance, i.e., roughness enhanced the rate of heat transfer. Thermal conductivity of the porous deposits was higher for single‐phase forced convection, whereas the effect of deposit roughness on thermal resistance was higher under flow‐boiling conditions. The results are discussed in terms of the effect of composition, morphology, surface roughness, and the mode of heat transfer on the thermal resistance of porous deposit.     

真空玻璃传导和对流传热机理研究

利用传导和对流传热原理,建立了真空玻璃热量的流动和传递数学模型,推导了真空玻璃自由分子状态的导热量、支撑柱及边料的固体导热及真空玻璃的外表对流换热方程.分析了自由对流传热、纯气体、稀薄气体、支撑柱及边料的固体导热机理,探讨了真空玻璃的外表对流换热问题.研究结果表明,在低真空状态下的真空玻璃夹层厚度越小,越有利于由自由对流向纯气体导热方向发展,越有利于真空玻璃传热系数的降低.真空玻璃结构只要保持夹层真空度小于0.313 Pa就使得夹层内成为自由分子导热状态.     

单相流体通过多孔金属换热器换热性能的理论分析

泡沫金属具有非常大的比表面积和良好的导热性能,在强迫对流情况下,具有很强的换热能力.通过建立泡沫金属在强迫对流的情况下的换热模型,得到了泡沫金属高度、孔密度、孔隙率和空气流速的变化对其换热性能的影响.分析结果显示:增大泡沫金属换热器的高度、孔密度、空气流速和减小孔隙率,都能提高换热器的换热性能;当这4个参数各自变化到一...