刍议初中数学中利用计算机辅助教学的优越性

初中教学有效性成为目前教育学研究领域的一项重点内容,原因之一在于初中教学会影响到学生的多方面发展,尤其是数学、物理等理科教学,对学生思维能力的发展和成熟作用巨大。本文目的在于探讨初中数学课堂改善的可能性,以初中数学教学概述开篇,提出＂计算机辅助教学帮助解决初中数学课堂问题是可行的＂这一观点,并对计算机辅助教学的优越性进行探讨,希望能够为学校教育的改革提供建议和帮助。     

The effects of mediation in computer assisted dynamic assessment

Abstract This study examined the effects of the computer-assisted dynamic assessment (DA) on cognitive performance as compared to DA with an examiner. The DA approach is based on Feuerstein's mediated learning experience theory and Tzuriel's DA approach with young children. A sample of kindergarden children ( n  = 60) were assigned to either a Computer Assisted (CA, n  = 30) or Examiner Only (EO, n  = 30) groups. The sample was randomly chosen from three kindergardens in a middle-SES area. Initial intelligence level of both groups was controlled by matching their frequency distribution on the Raven's Colored Progressive Matrices score. The CA group was administered the Think-in-Order program, which is a multimedia program designed specifically for this study and is based on the Children's Seriational Thinking Modifiability (CSTM) test. The EO group was administered the CSTM test by an examiner. The findings revealed that intervention involving mediation processes in a CA dynamic assessment procedure was more effective in bringing about significant cognitive changes than mediation with only an examiner.     

A computer assisted instruction system for digital engineering education

A computer assisted instruction (CAI) system has been developed at the Twente University of Technology. Holland, for use in association with a first course in digital engineering. It is written in the general purpose high level language. APL, and is designed to be modular in nature and thus easily extendible. The generality and flexibility of the CAI-system structure is such that applications in other branches of engineering or scientific education can readily be accommodated.     

A U.K. project in computer assisted learning in engineering science

A development in the use of computers in engineering education in the United Kingdom is described. The multi-institutional project, which is part of a national programme, has produced teaching packages in a range of engineering subjects. The rationale for, and the form of this application is discussed with an assessment of achievements and problems of the project.     

Experiences from using ICMM in inspection process assessment

Inspection Capability Maturity Model (ICMM) is a new tool for the assessment and improvement of software inspection practices in an organization. This paper presents the first experiences in using ICMM. The model structure and usability is evaluated based on the data collected from eight case organizations. The major findings support the conclusion that ICMM worked well in identifying weaknesses in the current inspection practices. First, the perceived inspection quality in the organizations was compared with the assessment results. Second, the identified weaknesses appear to be related to the problems faced in inspection practices. Finally, the collected experiences provided some useful improvement suggestions for ICMM.

The mathematics of computer graphics

Until relatively recently, researchers in computer graphics paid scant attention to the numerics of their computations. Computation was used as a simple tool to evaluate algorithms or transform data into some appropriate pictoral representation. Thus standard computer graphics texts have little to say about numerical methods, just as earlier numerical analysis textbooks had little to say about computer graphics. This is now changing, for the important reasons outlined in this paper.     

Experiences of assessment: using phenomenography for evaluation

Abstract The aim of this paper is to explore the use of assessment as a tool for structuring students' experiences within a networked learning environment. It is suggested that this investigation may have a wider bearing on issues raised by the idea of aligning teaching approach with the students' approach to learning. The methods used are broadly phenomenographic and the use of this approach is proposed for the evaluation of networked learning in higher education. The work is drawn from the initial phase of a two-year study being undertaken at Lancaster University. The choice of phenomenography as the preferred methodological approach is explained and how this is appropriate for evaluation. An emphasis is placed upon the evaluative aspects of phenomenography, its focus on varieties of experience and the relationship between approaches adopted to learning and the outcomes of learning. The example, drawn from the research, examines student approaches in relation to the declared intentions of the course designers.     

化工原理网络多媒体CAI课件的开发

作者选择所见即所得的网页编辑器Dreamweaver开发制作了化工原理网络多媒体CAI课件系统,并采用了CSS、JavaScript等多媒体技术增加教学互动效果,可以激发学生学习化工原理的兴趣,并提高教师的教学质量和效率。该课件放置在Web服务器中即可进行网络远程教学,不受时间、地点、操作系统、浏览器等的限制。     

Remedial and second language English teaching using computer assisted learning

The problem addressed is that of teaching collegial and entering level university students the requisite skills to write intelligible papers and reports in English.This is a real problem in Montreal because a high proportion of the students have English as a second or third language in which their proficiency is limited or. though English may be their native language, their training in it is not adequate for the pursuit of further education.Several hundred students have worked through 20 or more CAL lessons each year for 3 years, and appreciable gains in skills have been measured. However, where it was possible to duplicate the CAL lessons as programmed texts, equal gains were achieved by those using the programmed texts.Current work is in two divergent directions: (i) providing simple template software for ESL and other teachers to write lessons; (ii) providing a measure of artificial intelligence and auto-adaptation, via a student-constructed sentence diagnosis and remediation package.A service and record system in CDC BASIC was produced to support the grammar lessons. However, a more powerful language is needed for the sentence diagnostician remediator. This was initially written in APL but used too much CPU time in that language and is now being re-written in NATAL (the Canadian standard CAL language).Three quasi-technical questions which also have paedogogical implications occurred and are answered: (i) To what extent can access procedures and frame formats (typography, etc.) be standardized for all studyware on the system? (ii) How: much data needs to be collected automatically to ensure that studyware is working properly and to identify needed improvements? (iii) To what extent should self-documentation of source-code be used, and to what extent should it be in a standardized format?Although a CAL language. CITCAN. was used initially on the CDC system, the level of expertise required to maintain it was too high, and subsequently the present system, written in BASIC, was developed. Personal computers, although available in this environment, are not as yet cost-effective when compared to time-shared access.We expect to move to a hybrid system, with studyware and records stored on the maxi-system. but actual “delivery” being provided by personal computers to which the studyware will be downloaded in blocks and from which the usage data will be collected back at sign-off.     

应用OLE技术开发通用型计算机辅助测验系统

介绍计算机辅助测验系统的功能和特点,重点讨论在 Ａｕｔｈｏｒｗａｒｅ应用程序中如何应用ＯＬＥ技术处理标准主观题的设计思想及其实现方法。     

Experiences on developing computer vision hardware algorithms using Xilinx system generator

Computer vision is one of the areas where hardware-implemented algorithms perform clearly better than those implemented via software. Digital designers have so far optimized their designs by means of application specific integrated circuits (ASICs) or digital signal processors (DSPs). However, nowadays they are increasingly using field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), powerful hardware devices combining the main advantages of ASICs and DSPs with the possibility of re-programming, which make them very attractive devices for rapid prototyping. This paper shows how the Xilinx system generator (XSG) environment can be used to develop hardware-based computer vision algorithms from a system level approach, which makes it suitable for developing co-design environments.     

Audio-enhanced computer assisted learning and computer controlled audio-instruction

A computer controlled language laboratory cassette recorder has been used as a computer peripheral to enhance computer assisted learning by the addition of an audio channel of communication. To facilitate the production of audio-enhanced CAL material a simple author code system has been devised. The same cassette recorder has also been used under the control of an “on-board” micro-computer to increase the flexibility of audio-instruction by allowing branching amongst sections of audio material in response to answers to questions.     

Make computer assisted instruction smarter

It is argued in this paper that the quality of computer assisted instruction can only increase if more research is directed towards the development of generative intelligent CAI systems. Characteristics of these systems are described and the state-of-the-art is assessed. Finally the design of one such future system is presented.     

The effects of modern mathematics computer games on mathematics achievement and class motivation

This study examined the effects of a computer game on students' mathematics achievement and motivation, and the role of prior mathematics knowledge, computer skill, and English language skill on their achievement and motivation as they played the game. A total of 193 students and 10 teachers participated in this study. The teachers were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. A mixed method of quantitative and interviews were used with Multivariate Analysis of Co-Variance to analyze the data.     

Use of computer assisted teaching in clinical dentistry

A program has been developed for the Commodore 4032 which allows clinical dental students to test their diagnostic skills in the planning of orthodontic treatment. Case cards containing clincal photographs of selected patients provide the information required for the student to answer questions which are presented by the computer in multiple choice format. Where necessary pages of explanatory text may be included between questions, and the teacher can easily add new questions or modify existing questions or text as required. In three years of clinical use the program has proved to be extremely robust and popular with both students and dental practitioners attending refresher courses.     

Intelligent computer assisted blog writing system

In this paper, we designed and implemented an intelligent computer assisted blog writing system. The system includes concept expansion module, text generation module and content replacement module. The concept expansion is employed to expand the concept provided by the user and these expanded concepts can provide the system more semantic information. The text generation model is based on keyword generation model and text segment generation model of which the important keywords are extracted from system corpus to serve as the backbone of the template. Meanwhile, the text segments between keywords will make up the content of the template and candidate text segments are retrieved from the corpus based on statistical analysis. The content replacement module employs Google to retrieve content from the Web and ranks the content based on term and POS tagging similarities. The prototype system has shown that it could work well on blog writing application domain and the concept of this research could be extended to other domains easily.