椭圆空心截面梁侧向失稳分析

分析椭圆空心截面(EHS)构件弯曲时的侧向稳定性。对8根截面(高厚比为2)的无侧限EHS梁进行三点弯曲试验,并记录试件的试验设备、材料性质、截面几何形状、残余应力以及荷载、变形响应。使用数值模拟方法对试验数据进行补充,并依据试验结果验证其正确性。数值分析用于评估截面高厚比和构件长细比对侧向稳定性的影响。基于结构特性相关数据建立椭圆空心截面梁的侧向扭转屈曲曲线。提出限制长度以下时,侧向扭转屈曲(LTB)可不考虑。     

不锈钢冷成型管截面轴心受压构件的有限元分析

采用有限元软件ANSYS对不锈钢冷成型管截面轴心受压长柱进行模拟,有限元模型中考虑不锈钢材料的非线性本构关系、冷加工效应、构件的初始缺陷以及构件中的残余应力。将模拟结果与国内外的试验数据进行对比。对比表明:有限元模型能够准确地模拟不锈钢构件的受力全过程,模拟平均误差小于5%;对影响不锈钢轴心受压构件受力性能的因素进行分析,分析表明:方矩管截面的转角区冷加工效应,不锈钢材料力学性能参数变化以及构件的整体缺陷取值对构件的整体稳定性能影响较大,而不锈钢构件的截面对稳定系数影响很小。分析结论可作为建立不锈钢轴心受压构件稳定承载力设计公式的参考。     

组合T形截面钢管混凝土柱偏心受压试验研究

在分析各种异形钢管混凝土柱工程应用的基础上,提出组合T形截面钢管混凝土柱。考虑长细比、偏心距等参数的影响,设计制作18个组合T形钢管混凝土柱试件。通过偏心受压试验,对长细比16.0<λ≤28.8的组合T形钢管混凝土柱压弯性能进行研究,考察试件的破坏形态,实测试件的荷载-应变曲线和荷载-柱中挠度曲线,分析各参数对试件偏心受压力学性能的影响。通过试验数据回归分析,参考国内外相关规范,提出组合T形截面钢管混凝土柱偏心受压承载力计算公式。试验结果表明：偏心受压柱均为弯曲失稳破坏,长细比越大,弯曲破坏特征越明显;偏心距越大,试件极限承载力越低。研究表明,组合T形钢管混凝土柱的两个组成部分能很好地协同工作,力学性能较好;所提出的承载力计算公式可供工程设计参考。图10表3参8     

L形截面部分包覆钢-混凝土组合柱弱轴压弯整体稳定

为了研究L形截面部分包覆钢-混凝土组合(PEC)柱的压弯稳定性能，对L形截面PEC柱进行了弱轴压弯试验和有限元分析。试验研究中设计并制作了3个L形PEC柱试件，变化参数为长细比和偏心距。试验结果表明：截面形状和主钢件分布的几何非对称性，以及混凝土材料拉压强度的非对等性，造成L形PEC柱在受力后截面中和轴的偏转，导致构件发生弯扭变形。有限元分析表明，L形截面的肢背或肢端受压对构件承载力有一定影响；长细比较小(即长细比为10～30)时，肢背受压的构件轴力-弯矩相关曲线具有大小偏心分界的特征，但长细比较大(即长细比大于60)时，整体失稳成为控制破坏模式，相关曲线向原点内凹。建议了L形PEC柱绕弱轴压弯时的整体稳定承载力计算公式，与试验和有限元参数分析结果对比表明：当长细比小于60时，建议公式可以适用，当长细比大于80时，建议公式偏不安全，需进一步改进后才能用于工程设计。     

单边连接等边角钢受压试验及有限元分析

对单边连接等边角钢进行受压试验及有限元模拟分析,得到中点截面应变片的应力-应变关系曲线,轴向压应力-轴向应变关系曲线,轴向压应力-中点挠度关系曲线,中点截面扭转角-长细比关系曲线,以及整体稳定系数-长细比关系曲线。试验结果与有限元模拟结果有很好的一致性。试验发现,在试件达到受压极限承载力时,试件中点截面变形主要还是以绕平行于角钢连接边轴线弯曲变形为主,中点截面扭转变形很小。从整体稳定系数-长细比关系曲线看出,由GB 50017—2003《钢结构设计规范》计算的整体稳定系数比试验及有限元分析的结果小很多,说明GB 50017—2003对此类连接角钢构件的计算方法是偏于保守的。     

激光焊接不锈钢工字形截面中长柱受力性能研究

为研究激光焊接奥氏体不锈钢工字形截面轴心受压中长柱的承载性能,对10根激光焊接不锈钢工字形薄柔截面中长柱进行轴心受压试验研究,结果表明,中长柱的破坏模式均为板件局部屈曲与构件整体弯曲屈曲的相关失稳。同时,基于残余应力试验,验证了已有激光焊接不锈钢工字形截面的残余应力分布模型。基于试验结果验证了有限元模型,对激光焊接不锈钢工字形截面轴心受压中长柱开展参数分析,研究了几何初始缺陷和残余应力对中长柱稳定承载力的影响,结果表明,残余应力是影响中长柱稳定承载力的主要因素。结合试验和有限元计算结果,对CECS 410:2015《不锈钢结构技术规程》中轴心受压构件稳定承载力设计公式的适用性进行评估,并考虑残余应力的影响修正了轴心受压构件整体稳定设计公式的计算系数。采用修正后计算系数的规范公式能准确计算激光焊接不锈钢工字形截面轴心受压构件的稳定承载力。     

Q460高强钢焊接箱形截面轴压构件整体稳定性能研究

为研究高强度钢材轴心受压钢柱的整体稳定性能,对5个国产Q460钢材焊接箱形截面柱进行了轴心受压试验研究。试验对试件的几何初弯曲、荷载初偏心以及截面的纵向残余应力分布均进行了测量。基于试验结果,分析了该类钢柱的失稳破坏形态和整体稳定承载力,建立了有限元分析模型并对试验结果进行模拟计算。研究结果表明：试件破坏模态均为整体弯曲失稳形态,大部分试件稳定承载力高于规范设计值;有限元分析模型能够准确地考虑几何初始缺陷和残余应力的影响,计算结果与试验结果吻合良好;通过与国内外钢结构设计规范的对比,提出了国产Q460高强钢焊接箱形截面轴压构件整体稳定设计的建议方法,即可以统一采用我国或欧洲规范的b类曲线进行设计,而不需要按板件宽厚比大小进行分类。     

奥氏体型不锈钢焊接箱形截面轴压构件整体稳定性能试验研究

为了研究奥氏体型不锈钢材轴心受压构件的整体稳定性能,对6根奥氏体型不锈钢焊接箱形截面柱进行了轴心受压试验研究,在试验前对试件的几何初弯曲进行了测量,在试验过程中对荷载初偏心进行了量测。基于试验结果,分析了该类型构件的失稳破坏形态和整体稳定承载力,并与欧洲钢结构规范和中国钢结构规范进行了对比。结果表明此次试验数据高于欧洲钢结构规范和中国钢结构规范的设计曲线,设计曲线较为保守。     

腹板加劲卷边槽钢双肢拼合工形受压构件承载性能试验研究

为研究腹板加劲卷边槽钢拼合构件的承载性能,分别对由复杂卷边槽钢、腹板?形加劲复杂卷边槽钢和腹板V形加劲复杂卷边槽钢拼合而成的共计30根双肢拼合工字形截面简支受压试件进行了受压试验,其中轴压试件18根,偏压试件12根。研究了腹板加劲对拼合工字形截面构件承载力和失稳模式的影响。试验结果表明:腹板?形加劲槽钢能够有效减小腹板宽厚比,提高拼合截面构件的承载力;腹板加劲使畸变屈曲代替局部屈曲成为构件的主要失稳模式。研究采用有限元软件ANSYS对试件进行建模与受力分析,验证了所提出的有限元模型的准确性。通过有限元变参数分析,分析了构件长细比和偏心距对拼合截面构件承载力的影响。结果表明:轴压状态下与相同用钢量的腹板非加劲构件相比,?形腹板加劲复杂卷边槽钢双肢拼合短柱、中长柱和长柱承载力分别提高20.3%、16.0%和4.4%;腹板V形加劲复杂卷边槽钢双肢拼合短柱、中长柱和长柱承载力分别提高17.4%、8.9%和2.2%;随试件长度的增加,整体屈曲作用更为突出;随着偏心距的增大,整体弯曲屈曲逐渐起主要控制作用,3种截面构件的偏压承载力差距逐渐缩小。     

新型卷边薄壁钢板组合截面柱的非线性有限元分析

为研究新型卷边钢板组合截面柱(PEC)构件受力性能,采用ABAQUS软件,建立有限元分析模型,对6个PEC柱试验试件进行有限元模拟研究,通过位移-荷载曲线和破坏模态的分析,得出PEC柱腹板厚度、PEC柱构件长细比、PEC柱构件加密区等设计参数对PEC柱受力性能的影响规律。结果表明:翼缘与腹板的厚度决定构件的破坏模态;构件高宽比影响试件的承载能力;加密区间距和长度一定程度上影响构件的整体性。     

Structural response of stainless steel oval hollow section compression members

Cold-formed stainless steel oval hollow sections (OHS) offer the combined aesthetic appeal of circular hollow sections and stainless steel, together with the structural efficiency associated with cross-sections of differing geometric properties about their two principal axes. To date, no structural design guidance exists for these cross-sections, principally due to their relatively recent introduction and a lack of fundamental structural test data. This paper examines the structural response of stainless steel OHS compression members and presents design recommendations. A series of laboratory tests was carried out to generate fundamental structural performance data. Tensile coupon tests were initially performed to establish the basic material stress–strain characteristics of the sections. These were followed by stub column tests to determine the average compressive response of the cross-sections and flexural buckling tests to obtain ultimate load carrying capacity data for use in the determination of a suitable buckling curve for stainless steel OHS. Measurements of the geometric properties of the test specimens including initial imperfections were carried out. The full load–displacement responses of the specimens were recorded and have been presented herein. A finite element (FE) modelling programme was performed in parallel with the experimental study. Once the FE models had been validated against the test results, parametric studies were carried out to further investigate the influence of individual key parameters, including the aspect ratio and local slenderness of the cross-sections as well as the member slenderness. Based on the obtained experimental and numerical results, a class 3 limit for stainless steel OHS in compression and a suitable buckling curve for OHS columns have been proposed.     

Resistance of stainless steel CHS columns based on cross-section deformation capacity

A conceptually new structural design approach has recently been proposed by the authors to predict the resistance of stainless steel members subjected to various types of loading with cross-sections formed from thin flat plates including angles, channels, lipped channels, I-sections and rectangular hollow sections (RHS). The proposed method does not follow the traditional cross-section classification approach, which primarily relies on the assumption of a bilinear, elastic-perfectly-plastic material model. Instead, deformation capacity of a cross-section is determined directly from the local buckling characteristics of the constituent plate elements. This is then used to obtain the corresponding local buckling stress utilising an appropriate material model. This basic concept is extended herein to predict compression resistance of stainless steel columns with circular hollow sections (CHS). Available test and finite element (FE) results have been used to develop the basic design equation to predict the compression resistance of cross-sections and to propose column curves to determine flexural buckling resistances. The predicted resistances have been compared to those obtained using the current Eurocode; the predictions are significantly more accurate and more consistent than those given by the existing Eurocode.     

Strength and stability criteria for thin-walled stainless steel circular hollow section members under bending

A series of tests consisting of various cross-section geometries were performed on structural stainless steel circular hollow sections (CHS) subjected to bending. The test program comprised a total of eight tests on CHS in two grades of stainless steel, namely 304 and Duplex 2205. For each grade four sections, each with a different slenderness, were tested, in order to cover a range of structural responses. Measurements of overall geometric imperfections and material properties were conducted. The test strengths are compared with the strengths predicted using the American, Australian and European specifications for cold-formed stainless steel structures. In the light of the test results and code recommendations, strength and cross-section classification criteria for stainless steel circular hollow section members in bending are examined.     

Flexural behaviour of stainless steel oval hollow sections

Structural hollow sections are predominantly square, rectangular or circular in profile. While square and circular hollow sections are often the most effective in resisting axial loads, rectangular hollow sections, with greater stiffness about one principal axis than the other, are generally more suitable in bending. Oval or elliptical hollow sections (EHS) combine the aesthetic external profile of circular hollow sections with the suitability for resisting flexure of rectangular sections, whilst also retaining the inherent torsional stiffness offered by all tubular sections. This paper examines the structural response of recently introduced stainless steel oval hollow sections (OHS) in bending and presents design recommendations. In-plane bending tests in the three-point configuration about both the major and minor axes were conducted. All tested specimens were cold-formed from Grade 1.4401 stainless steel and had an aspect ratio of approximately 1.5. The full moment-rotation responses of the specimens were recorded and have been presented herein. The tests were replicated numerically by means of non-linear finite element (FE) analysis and parametric studies were performed to investigate the influence of key parameters, such as the aspect ratio and the cross-section slenderness, on the flexural response. Based on both the experimental and numerical results, structural design recommendations for stainless steel OHS in bending in accordance with Eurocode 3: Part 1.4 have been made.     

冷成型双相不锈钢截面材料特性

给出了6个不同截面冷成型双相不锈钢的特性,其中2个为圆形中空截面,4个为矩形中空截面。试样为冷轧双相不锈钢带。确定方形和矩形中空截面高强度冷成型双相不锈钢的材料特性。对每种型材的薄弱和转角处进行拉伸试验,由此测量每种型材的弹性模量、0.2%弹性极限、1.0%弹性极限、抗张强度、断裂延伸率和Ramberg-Osgood参数(n)。通过短柱试验获得冷轧状态全截面的材料特性。测量6种型材的初始局部几何缺陷,绘制每种型材含初始几何缺陷的横截面图。采用断面法测量150×50×2.5截面的残余应力,测量并绘制截面上薄膜屈曲残余应力分布图。此外,给出适用于短柱的有限元模型,并与试验结果进行对比。将不锈钢短柱的试验强度与美国规范、澳大利亚/新西兰规范和欧洲规范的设计强度进行对比。总体看来,三种规范的计算结果都较为保守,其中欧洲规范的计算结果最为保守。     

Residual stress distributions in welded stainless steel sections

Residual stress magnitudes and distributions in structural stainless steel built-up sections have been comprehensively investigated in this study. A total of 18 test specimens were fabricated from hot-rolled stainless steel plates by means of shielded metal arc welding (SMAW). Two grades of stainless steel were considered, namely the austenitic grade EN 1.4301 and the duplex grade EN 1.4462. Using the sectioning method, the test specimens were divided into strips. The residual stresses were then computed by multiplying the strains relieved during sectioning by the measured Young׳s moduli determined from tensile and compressive coupon tests. Residual stress distributions were obtained for 10 I-sections, four square hollow sections (SHS) and four rectangular hollow sections (RHS). Peak tensile residual stresses reached around 80% and 60% of the material 0.2% proof stress for grades EN 1.4301 and EN 1.4462, respectively. Based upon the test data, simplified predictive models for residual stress distributions in stainless steel built-up I-sections and box sections were developed. Following comparisons with other available residual stress test data, the applicability of the proposed models was also extended to other stainless steel alloys. The proposed residual stress patterns are suitable for inclusion in future analytical models and numerical simulations of stainless steel built-up sections.     

Testing and numerical modelling of lean duplex stainless steel hollow section columns

Stainless steels are employed in a wide range of structural applications. The austenitic grades, particularly EN 1.4301 and EN 1.4401, and their low-carbon variants EN 1.4307 and EN 1.4404, are the most commonly used within construction, and these typically contain around 8%–11% nickel. The nickel represents a large portion of the total material cost and thus high nickel prices and price volatility have a strong bearing on both the cost and price stability of stainless steel. While austenitic stainless steel remains the most favourable material choice in many applications, greater emphasis is now being placed on the development of alternative grades with lower nickel content. In this study, the material behaviour and compressive structural response of a lean duplex stainless steel (EN 1.4162), which contains approximately 1.5% nickel, are examined. A total of eight stub column tests and twelve long column tests on lean duplex stainless steel square (SHS) and rectangular hollow sections (RHS) are reported. Precise measurements of material and geometric properties of the test specimens were also made, including the assessment of local and global geometric imperfections. The experimental studies were supplemented by finite element analysis, and parametric studies were performed to generate results over a wider range of cross-sectional and member slenderness. Both the experimental and numerical results were used to assess the applicability of the Eurocode 3: Part 1-4 provisions regarding the Class 3 slenderness limit and effective width formula for internal elements in compression and the column buckling curve for hollow sections to lean duplex structural components. Comparisons between the structural performance of lean duplex stainless steel and that of other more commonly used stainless steel grades are also presented, showing lean duplex stainless steel to be an attractive choice for structural applications.     

Experimental investigation on ferritic stainless steel columns in fire

This paper presents the performance of EN 1.4003 ferritic stainless steel hollow section columns when exposed to fire loading. Experimental analysis of the behaviour of ferritic stainless steel structural members in fire represents a novelty. In detail, three column tests were carried out in the framework of the Research Fund of Coal and Steel (RFCS) project named Structural Applications of Ferritic Stainless Steels (SAFSS, RFSR-CT-2010-00026). Tubular thin-walled members were considered in this study because structural applications of ferritic stainless steels generally incorporate such profiles. Three columns were tested: two square hollow sections (SHS) and a rectangular hollow section (RHS) of different length. Fire loading was applied under a constant concentrically compressive load. Identical column tests at room temperature are also reported.     

Ferritic stainless steel tubular members strengthened with high modulus CFRP plate subjected to web crippling

Web crippling failure of ferritic stainless steel tubular structural members could be found due to localised concentrated loads or reactions. This paper reports experimental and numerical investigation on strengthening of ferritic stainless steel tubular members using externally bonded high modulus carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) plate. The CFRP plate strengthening is only applied to a small localise area subjected to concentrated load. A series of tests on CFRP strengthened ferritic stainless steel square and rectangular hollow sections subjected to web crippling was conducted. The web crippling tests were conducted under four loading conditions of end-two-flange (ETF), interior-two-flange (ITF), end-one-flange (EOF) and interior-one-flange (IOF). A total of 37 web crippling tests was conducted in this study. The investigation was mainly focused on the effects of web slenderness of ferritic stainless steel tubular sections on CFRP strengthening against web crippling. The tests were performed on five different sizes of square and rectangular hollow sections. The ferritic stainless steel type EN 1.4003 test specimens were used in this study. Tensile coupon tests were conducted to determine the material properties of the ferritic stainless steel specimens. Most of the strengthened specimens were failed by debonding of CFRP plate from the ferritic stainless steel tubes. Two different failure modes were observed in the tests of the strengthened specimens, namely the adhesion failure as well as the combination of adhesion and cohesion failure. Finite element models have been developed and verified against the test results. The failure loads, failure modes and the load-web deformation behaviour of the ferritic stainless steel sections are also presented.     

不锈钢管混凝土短柱及细长柱的性能

在轴压或压弯作用下,对不锈钢管混凝土短柱和细长柱的性能进行一系列试验研究,并与短钢管柱试验对比。结果表明:组合柱的性能很好,可广泛用作结构构件。将试验结果与传统碳素钢管混凝土柱的现有设计规范对比,如澳大利亚规范AS5100(2004),美国规范AISC(2005),中国规范DBJ/T13-51-2010和欧洲规范Eurocode4(2004)。结果表明:这些规范在预测短柱和细长柱的承载力方面都比较保守。