TPC-based STBC multiuser detection with LSE-RLS algorithm

The Bit Error Rate （BER） performance of a Turbo Product Code （TPC） based Space-Time Block Coding （STBC） multiuser wireless system in the frequency-selective channels has been investigated. Both of the good error correcting capability of TPC and the large diversity gain of STBC can be achieved simultaneously. A Least Square Error-Recursive Least Square （LSE-RLS） algorithm is applied to estimate the channel and cancel the interference. Simulations show that the proposed system can obtain about 2.7dB gain in Es/N0 at the BER of 10^-3.     

无线光通信中一种TPC+OSTBC的级联空时编码方法

在正交空时分组码(OSTBC)基础上,分析了Turbo乘积码(TPC)和OSTBC级联方案的可行性,提出了一种采用TPC+OSTBC级联的空时编译码方案,分别仿真分析了不同TPC分量码、不同接收天线数目下系统的差错性能,并对采用OSTBC和TPC+OSTBC级联方法系统的差错性能进行了对比分析.仿真结果表明:该级联空时编码方法可同时获得全分集和全速率,且差错性能明显优于只采用OSTBC.     

BER analysis of QAM on fading channels with transmit diversity

In this letter, we derive analytical expressions for the bit error rate (BER) of space-time block codes (STBC) from complex orthogonal designs (COD) using quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) on Rayleigh fading channels. We take a bit log-likelihood ratio (LLR) based approach to derive the BER expressions. The approach presented here can be used in the BER analysis of any STBC from COD with linear processing for any value of M in an M-QAM system. Here, we present the BER analysis and results for a 16-QAM system with i) (2-Tx, L-Rx) antennas using Alamouti code (rate-1 STBC), ii) (3-Tx, L-Rx) antennas using a rate-1/2 STBC, and iii) (5-Tx, L-Rx) antennas using a rate-7/11 STBC. In addition to being used in the BER analysis, the LLRs derived can also be used as soft inputs to decoders for various coded QAM schemes, including turbo coded QAM with space-time coding as in high speed downlink packet access (HSDPA) in 3G.     

基于Turbo乘积码的MIMO-OFDM系统在IMT2000信道下的性能研究

为了提高无线通信系统的可靠性,采用极具纠错性能的Turbo乘积码与空时分组码级联,构成Turbo乘积码编码的MIMO-OFDM系统。测试了采用三种Turbo乘积码的两发两收MIMO-OFDM系统在通过IMT2000信道后的性能。仿真结果表明采用Turbo乘积码后的MIMO-OFDM系统性能有明显改善。     

Interference mitigation in uplink STBC MC-CDMA system based on PIC receiver

Multi Carrier Code Division Multiple Access (MC-CDMA) is attractive technique for high speed data transmission in multipath fading channel. MC-CDMA system cannot handle the sudden time variations of the channel which cause the subcarriers to lose their orthogonality. The loss of orthogonality between the subcarriers of a user or unwanted correlation between the spreading codes of different user can lead to increase in Multiple Access Interference (MAI). Space Time Block Code (STBC) based MC-CDMA system is chosen to achieve full diversity and transmission rate without the knowledge of Channel State Information (CSI) at the transmitter. Thus, in the paper STBC is introduced at the transmitter to improve the quality of the receiver. Space Time Block Code-Parallel Interference Cancellation (STBC-PIC) receiver has been proposed for MC-CDMA system. In the proposed STBC-PIC receiver, at each interference cancellation stage, weighted signal of the other user is subtracted from signal of the desired user, thereby reducing the MAI and improving the BER performance. From the simulation results, it is observed that the proposed receiver outperforms STBC-Orthogonal Complete Complementary Code (STBC-OCCC), STBC-Minimum Mean Square Error (STBC-MMSE) and STBC-Zero Forcing (STBC-ZF) receivers for MAI reduction.     

低复杂度的满速率和部分分集多天线空时块码及性能

在现有几种满分集空时码的基础上,提出两种满速率和复正交的多天线空时块码方案。一种是基于时分双工(TDD)模式下最大信道增益而设计的;另一种则不再限于TDD方式,具有普遍适用性。同时利用Turbo码良好的抗衰落信道的突发错误能力,来进一步提高所提方案性能。与满分集多天线空时块码相比,该方案可实现满速率、低复杂度和部分分集,具有相对多的空间冗余信息,从而级联Turbo码后可有效弥补部分分集所带来的性能损失。仿真结果也表明在相同系统容量和级联码的情况下,所提方案比其它相应的满分集空时码有着更低的误比特率。     

Space‐time block coded spatial modulation with labeling diversity

Space‐time block coded spatial modulation (STBC‐SM) exploits the advantages of both spatial modulation and the Alamouti space‐time block code. Meanwhile, space‐time labeling diversity has demonstrated an improved bit error rate (BER) performance in comparison to the latter. Hence, in this paper, we extend the application of labeling diversity to STBC‐SM, which is termed STBC‐SM‐LD. Under identical channel assumptions, STBC‐SM‐LD exhibits superior BER performance compared to STBC‐SM. For example, with 4 × 4, 64‐quadrature amplitude modulation (64‐QAM), STBC‐SM‐LD has a BER performance gain of approximately 2.6 dB over STBC‐SM. Moreover, an asymptotic bound is presented to quantify the average BER performance of M‐ary QAM STBC‐SM‐LD over independent and identically distributed Rayleigh frequency‐flat fading channels. Monte Carlo simulations for STBC‐SM‐LD agree well with the analytical framework. In addition to the above, low‐complexity (LC) near‐maximum‐likelihood detectors for space‐time labeling diversity and STBC‐SM‐LD are presented. Complexity analysis of the proposed LC detectors shows a substantial reduction in computational complexity compared to their ML detector counterparts. For example, the proposed detector for STBC‐SM‐LD achieves a 91.9% drop in computational complexity for a 4 × 4, 64‐QAM system. The simulations further validate the near‐maximum‐likelihood performance of the LC detectors.     

空时编码及其在第3代移动通信中的应用

近年来,为了提高无线频谱的利用率,一些学者提出了一种结合分集发送、调制和编码的空时码.文中分别介绍了空时格栅编码和空时分组编码的编译码方法,并介绍了目前空时分组编码在第3代移动通信中的应用.     

基于STBC的水声MIMO扩频通信系统仿真研究

为改善水声扩频通信系统的传输距离与系统容量,将空时分组编码（STBC）技术引入水声通信,提出了一种基于STBC的水声多输入多输出（MIMO）扩频通信系统,给出了系统实现方案和性能仿真分析。仿真结果表明,通过引入两发射单接收的STBC,原系统可获得约3dB的发射分集增益和2倍于原系统的频带利用率,证实了该系统可在不牺牲有限系统带宽的情况下有效抑制多径衰落,显著改善通信系统容量和传输距离。     

空时分组码多音调制CDMA系统性能分析

提出了一种空时分组码（STBC,space-time block-code）多音调制CDMA（MT-CDMA）系统结构。对系统上行链路误码率（BER）性能进行了理论分析,推导出了在多径衰落信道下采用最大比合并时系统的BER表达式,并通过计算机仿真进行了验证。数值结果表明由于联合的空时与多径分集增益,使系统的BER性能、差错地板和容量都得到了显著地改善。     

On the performance and capacity of an asynchronous space-time block-coded MC-CDMA system in the presence of carrier frequency offset

In this paper, the bit-error rate (BER) performance and capacity of asynchronous space-time block-coded (STBC) multicarrier code-division multiple-access (MC-CDMA) systems in the presence of carrier frequency offset (CFO) between the transmitter and receiver oscillators are analyzed. The exact BER expression when using equal gain combining (EGC) and the approximate BER expression when using maximum ratio combining (MRC) are derived. These BER expressions are verified through simulations. Using these derived expressions, the achievable system capacity satisfying a minimum BER requirement can be studied for the two cases when EGC and MRC are used and, hence, it is possible to compare the achievable capacity of STBC MC-CDMA systems with that of MC-CDMA systems. It is concluded that small CFO has an insignificant effect on the BER and capacity of STBC MC-CDMA systems and that this range of CFO is important in transceiver design. Besides, STBC MC-CDMA systems with multiple receive antennas can achieve higher capacity than that of the MC-CDMA systems; this amount can be obtained analytically using the theoretical BER expressions derived.     

基于发射端获知部分信道状态信息MIMO系统线性预编码的设计

在现实通信系统中,由于各种原因在发送端获知很难获得完全的信道状态信息,只能获得部分信道状态信息,这样接收端的检测就非常复杂。在MIMO系统中,为了提高系统的性能和降低接收端算法的复杂度,可以通过把正交空时分组与线性预编码结合。本文提出了一种在MIMO非相关信道中,在部分信道状态信息的条件下,把正交空时分组码与线性预编码结合的方案。仿真结果表明,提高了MIMO系统的性能,降低系统误码率,获得了很好的性能增益。     

基于STBC的MB-OFDM系统性能研究

在对多带（MB）OFDM UWB通信系统进行研究分析的基础上,提出一种基于空时分组码（STBC）的多输入多输出（MIMO）MB-OFDM超宽带通信系统,并详细介绍了系统模型和空时码的编译码原理,对系统性能进行了仿真。仿真结果表明,在改进的S-V多径信道环境下,和传统空时分组码相结合的MB-OFDM系统不仅具有更高的信道容量和分集增益,而且误码性能有所提高。     

On the comparisons of system performance and capacity of asynchronous STBC MC‐CDMA multirate access schemes

Three multirate access schemes, multicode, variable spreading gain (VSG), and spectral overlaid multiple‐symbol‐rate (MSR), for asynchronous space‐time block coded (STBC) multicarrier code division multiple access (MC‐CDMA) systems are proposed. The three possible spectral overlaid configurations for MSR systems are also investigated. The expressions to evaluate the multiple access interferences, bit error rate (BER) performances, and system capacities of a antenna STBC MC‐CDMA using the three multirate access schemes are obtained. Transmit power allocation is adjusted according to the service rates and the number of active users in each service class to maintain the link quality and to improve the system capacity. Our numerical results show that systems with multicode access scheme using orthogonal Gold spreading codes and with VSG access scheme have similar system performance and capacity, and both perform in general better than systems with MSR access scheme of any spectrum configurations. In case when non‐orthogonal Gold codes are used, multicode access scheme shows degradation in the system capacity as compared to VSG, due to the presence of larger self‐interference (SI) among the codes used by each user. The achievable capacities for the three spectral overlaid configurations of MSR multirate systems are also compared. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

非同步扩频系统中空时分组码的阵列处理

针对非同步DS-CDMA系统提出了一种基于空时分组码的阵列处理干扰对消的技术。通过对发射信号进行空时分组编码,可以使发射信号在瑞利衰落信道中传输时信息不会畸变,并取得最大分集增益和码增益。利用空时分组码的性质有效抑制干扰的同时,大大简化了空时分组码的解码。仿真结果表明,这里提出的方法与传统的抑制干扰的方法相比具有更低的误比特率,并且有更快的解码速率。     

MIMO GS OVSF/OFDM Based Underwater Acoustic Multimedia Communication Scheme

An underwater acoustic multimedia communication (UWAMC) system is proposed with 2400 transmission modes according to time-varying multipath underwater acoustic (UWA) channel conditions. The orthogonal variable spreading factor (OVSF) scheme and Gold sequence (GS) scramble code are integrated into multi-input multi-output UWAMC system based on orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing to achieve the quality of service of multimedia transmission in the UWA channel. Binary phase shift keying (BPSK) and quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) adaptive modulation, direct mapping (DM) or space–time block code (STBC) transmission strategies, convolution channel code with rate 1/2 and 1/3, and a power assignment mechanism were adopted in the proposed system. Simulation results show that the bit error rate (BER) and power saving ratio (PSR) performance of the STBC strategy with transmission diversity is superior to that of the DM strategy without transmission diversity, and the performance of the BERs and PSRs of the transmission scheme with the GS scramble code surpasses that of the scheme without the code. The performance of the BERs and PSRs of BPSK modulation with a channel code rate of 1/3 is better than that of BPSK modulation with a channel code rate of 1/2, and the performances of BERs and PSRs of BPSK modulation with a channel code rate of 1/3 are better than that of QPSK modulation with a channel code rate of 1/3. As the length of the OVSF codes increases, the UWAMC system’s BERs decrease, and its PSRs increase. The UWAMC system can achieve either maximum transmission speed or maximum transmission power efficiency.     

On the Performance of Distributed Space-Time Block Codes in Cooperative Relay Networks

In this paper, space-time block codes (STBCs) are applied in a distributed fashion in a scenario with multiple cooperating relay stations (RSs) having multiple antennas. By applying the Chernoff bound to the theoretical bit error rate (BER) in Rayleigh fading channels, it turns out that the BER performance has a higher sensitivity to spatial correlation in multiple input multiple output channels than to different receive powers at the receiver from different cooperating RSs. If the number of overall available antennas exceeds the number of required antennas for the considered STBC, based on the theoretical analysis a criterion for the selection of the antennas which should cooperate in order to achieve the best BER performance is given     

Optical OOK-CDMA and PPM-CDMA systems with turbo product codes

The application of turbo product codes (TPC) in intensity-modulated direct-detection optical code-division multiple-access (CDMA) systems with ON-OFF keying or binary pulse-position modulation is proposed in this study. Optical multiple-access interference caused by other users is the main source of noise that degrades system performance and limits the total number of active users in an optical CDMA system. In this work, the original turbo product decoding algorithm is modified according to the binary memoryless channel model. It is shown that the implementation of TPCs in an optical CDMA system provides significant improvement of the bit-error rate, hence, permitting a higher number of active users with optical orthogonal codes (OOC) of less weight. The proposed TPC has about 20% overhead, but the reduction in the weight of the OOC reduces the system bandwidth to less than half to that of the comparable uncoded system.     

基于DMT/QAM和STBC的室内MIMO光无线通信

针对室内漫射光无线通信问题,提出一种采用离散多音/正交幅度调制和空时块编码的多输入多输出(MIMO)光无线通信技术.基于离散多音/正交幅度调制技术,并通过考虑室内全光无线信道的脉冲响应和其噪声特性,建立起室内红外光无线链路的信道模型;再采用空时块编码技术,提出一种实现室内漫射光无线通信的MIMO无线通信系统,并通过分析...     

一种满速率空时分组编码CDMA系统及多用户接收方案

通过引入满速率空时分组码方案, 该文给出一种满速率空时分组编码CDMA系统模型, 并针对现有空时编码CDMA系统过高的译码复杂度, 提出一种低复杂度的多用户接收方案。该方案在通过类似多用户检测方法有效抑制多用户干扰后, 充分利用空时分组码的复正交性来简化原有方案高译码复杂度。与原有指数性译码复杂度相比, 该方案有着线性复杂度, 而且与满分集空时分组编码CDMA系统相比, 可实现满速率、低复杂度和部分分集, 有着相对多的空间冗余信息, 从而级联信道编码后可有效弥补部分分集所带来的性能损失。仿真结果表明在相同系统容量和级联码的情况下, 所给系统比相应的满分集空时编码CDMA系统有着低的误比特率。