Cr–C/h-BN 自润滑复合镀层的制备与摩擦学性能

在三价铬Cr–C镀液中添加1~5 g/L的h-BN自润滑微粒,运用直流电沉积技术在Q235碳素结构钢基体上制备了Cr–C/h-BN复合镀层。利用扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、显微硬度计、摩擦磨损试验机等设备分析了h-BN微粒添加量、电流密度等工艺参数对镀层组织和性能的影响。结果表明:在电流密度20 A/dm2,h-BN添加量3 g/L的条件下,可获得h-BN微粒体积分数为6.15%的复合镀层。h-BN微粒的添加改善了Cr–C合金镀层的耐磨性,Cr–C/h-BN复合镀层在室温干摩擦条件下的磨损率减少了22%,平均摩擦因数由原先的0.49降低至0.31。     

电刷镀n-Al2O3/Ni-Co镀层组织与性能的研究

针对镀硬铬中污染环境和危害人体健康的六价铬,为实现清洁生产,改善生态环境,开展了电刷镀n-Al2O3/Ni-Co纳米复合镀层的研究。测试了纳米微粒的质量浓度对n-Al2O3/Ni-Co纳米复合镀层表面形貌和硬度的影响;并对比了n-Al2O3/Ni-Co纳米复合镀层和硬铬镀层的硬度、耐磨性能和抗高温氧化性能;利用XRD测定了n-Al2O3/Ni-Co纳米复合镀层的结构和晶粒尺寸。研究结果表明:纳米微粒的质量浓度为20 g/L时,镀层具有最优的表面形貌和硬度;室温条件下,n-Al2O3/Ni-Co纳米复合镀层的硬度和耐磨性能都明显优于硬铬镀层的;高温条件下,n-Al2O3/Ni-Co纳米复合镀层的抗高温氧化性能与硬铬镀层的相当。     

Sol-Gel法中pH值对TiO2纳米微粒晶型的影响

使用四氯化钛与氢氧化铵为原料,在室温下进行水解与缩合反应,通过溶液pH值的调控,可合成出不同结晶相的TiO2纳米微粒.根据TEM,FESEM,XRD和BET的分析结果显示,TiO2颗粒皆小于10 nm,其中pH=0.4合成的TiO2纳米微粒为金红石结晶相,比表面积约为157 m2/g;pH=1.4合成的TiO2纳米微粒为锐钛矿结晶相,比表面积约为232 m2/g;pH=8.4合成的TiO2纳米微粒为非结晶相,比表面积约为403 m2/g.以1×10-6 mol/L甲基橙溶液在365 nm紫外光下照射2 h进行光催化实验,结果显示在酸性条件下制备的TiO2纳米微粒,不论是锐钛矿或金红石结构,均具有优异的光催化效能,降解率达90%,与P25的光催化效能相当.     

超声波-电沉积Ni-Al_2O_3复合镀层的表面形貌及组织结构

采用超声波-电沉积方法在金属基体上制备纳米Ni-Al2O3复合镀层。研究了超声波频率、功率对制备复合镀层的影响。利用X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对镀层微观组织、表面形貌进行观察和分析。结果表明：超声波的作用可有效解决纳米Al2O3微粒在镀液中的分散问题,使纳米Al2O3微粒均匀分布在复合镀层中,促进纳米Al2O3微粒与镀层基质金属的共沉积,并细化基质金属Ni的晶粒,获得了由镍晶（20~40 nm）和纳米Al2O3微粒构成的纳米复合镀层。     

(Ni-P)-纳米TiO2微粒化学复合镀层的摩擦特性

通过对化学镀Ni-P合金,化学复合镀（Ni-P)-微米SiC微粒复合镀层和化学复合镀（Ni-P)-纳米TiO2微粒复合镀层研究与比较,探讨了化学复合镀（Ni-P)-纳米TiO2微粒复合镀层的摩擦学特性;研究发现化学复合镀（Ni-P)-纳米TiO2微粒复合镀层由于其良好的组织与性能,滑动磨损过程中具有低的摩擦系数和高的耐磨性。这种良好的摩擦学特性在高载荷下更为突出。     

电化学沉积法制备Cu-纳米SiO_2复合镀层及其性能的研究

利用电化学沉积法制备以纳米SiO_2微粒为增强相的Cu-纳米SiO_2复合镀层。研究发现:Cu-纳米SiO_2复合镀层的形貌特征不同于纯铜镀层的,其性能较好。增强相纳米SiO_2微粒引起形核增殖、结晶细化,同时形成弥散强化,致使Cu-纳米SiO_2复合镀层的形貌特征不同,性能得以改善。随着镀液中纳米SiO_2微粒的质量浓度的增加,Cu-纳米SiO_2复合镀层的显微硬度先升高后降低,体积磨损率先减小后增大。当镀液中纳米SiO_2微粒的质量浓度为35g/L时,Cu-纳米SiO_2复合镀层的显微硬度最高,接近1 500 MPa,约为纯铜镀层的1.46倍;体积磨损率最低,为6.59×10-5 mm3/(N·m),比纯铜镀层的降低约35.4%。     

国内期刊荟萃

水性聚氨酯-SiO2/TiO2复合涂料的制备与研究魏阳等.聚氨酯工业,2004,19(6):17采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了SiO2/TiO2纳米复合微粒,将其分散在聚醚型水性聚氨酯中,制备了新型水性聚氨酯-SiO2/TiO2复合涂料。经FTIR和TEM测试表明,纳米TiO2颗粒表面成功地包覆上SiO2。在聚氨酯乳液中复合微粒粒径为60nm左右;分光光度法测试表明TiO2质量分数为20%的复合微粒在聚氨酯水乳液中具有良好的分散性能;而加入质量分数为1%的十二烷基磺酸钠后,对SiO2/TiO2纳米粉末的分散性能改善最大;力学性能测试表明加入SiO2/TiO2纳米复合微粒质量分数为0.6%时…     

Tribological Properties of Ag/DyBa2Cu3O7-δ Superconducting Ceramics

利用摩擦实验机从液氮温度至室温对超导陶瓷 Ag/DyBa2Cu3O7–δ（Ag/Dy123）的摩擦学性能进行研究，结果表明：当温度降到液氮温度后，10% （质量分数）Ag/Dy123 超导陶瓷与不锈钢盘对摩，摩擦因数明显下降，最后稳定在 0.20 以下。对制备的 Ag/Dy123 超导陶瓷进行 X 射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜、高分辨电子显微镜、能量散射 X 射线分析，结果表明：Ag 没有影响 Dy123 的超导电性，明显改善了常温下 Dy123 的摩擦学性能，在正常载荷和滑行速率下，（5%～10%）Ag/Dy123 超导陶瓷的摩擦因数为 0.25，5%Ag/Dy123 超导陶瓷磨损率最低，为 4.02 × 10。分布在基体中的 Ag 微粒能有效抑制裂纹萌生和扩展并在摩擦作用下形成 Ag 转移膜，陶瓷硬基底承载和软金属转移膜润滑的协同作用，使材料表现出良好的减摩耐磨性能。     

高强度低介电氮化硅陶瓷的制备及性能研究

采用氮化硅（Si3N4）、氮化硼（BN）等原料,通过气氛压力烧结工艺（GPS）研制出了高强度低介电Si3N4基复合陶瓷材料。研究了Si3N4加入量对复合材料力学和介电性能的影响,分析了该材料的显微结构特点。实验结果表明：通过加入27％Si3N4制备的氮化硅基复合材料,其室温抗弯强度（σRT）为366MPa,介电常数（ε）为5．2,介电损耗（tanδ）为9×10^-3。     

Ti/Si复合纳米微粒光催化降解NO-2

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备出不同质量比的Ti/Si复合纳米粉末,并利用XRD、BET、XPS、UVvis等技术研究了Ti/Si复合微粒的表面结构形态变化,以及对污染物NO-2光催化降解的影响.研究表明,Ti/Si复合微粒的光催化活性明显高于TiO2微粒,并且m(Ti)m(Si)=21时催化降解NO-2最佳.TiO2微粒以锐钛矿相高度分散在SiO2网络中,粒径约为10nm,并与SiO2形成Si-O-Ti桥氧结构,提高了TiO2微晶的热稳定性,比表面积和表面缺陷.UV-Vis吸收光谱显示复合微粒的光谱吸收发生蓝移,有利于吸附降解污染物NO-2,所合成的Ti/Si复合纳米微粒是一种具有实用价值的新型光催化剂.     

Novel kind of functional gradient poly(ε‐caprolactone) polyurethane nanocomposite: A shape‐memory effect induced in three ways

Multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) crosslinked polyurethane nanocomposites filled with iron (Fe) powders were synthesized by an in situ polymerization method. The Fe powders were deposited on one side of the nanocomposites during sample formation. Because of the gradient distribution of the Fe powders, the polymer part was affected little; this resulted in good mechanical properties of the nanocomposites. The electrical conductivities on each side of the nanocomposites were different. Because of the good magnetic properties and high electrical conductivities of the nanocomposites, the shape‐memory effect could be induced by temperature heating (temperature = 45°C), electrically resistive Joule heating (voltage (U) = 30 V), and magnetic field heating (frequency (f) = 45 kHz, intensity of magnetic field (H) = 46.5 kA/m). The shape‐memory properties were dependent on the location of the side that contained the most Fe powders (Fe side), and the nanocomposites showed better shape‐memory properties when the Fe side was located inside of the folded samples. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131, 40220.     

Cobalt/graphene oxide nanocomposites: Electro-synthesis,structural, magnetic,and electrical properties

In this research, different samples of cobalt/graphene oxide nanocomposites were successfully synthesized electrochemically by applying different voltages. Their structure, magnetization and electrical properties were studied using X-ray diffractometer (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), fourier transformation infrared (FT-IR), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), two point probe electrical conductivity meter, galvanostat/potentiostat, and universal testing machine. The results of structural characterization confirmed the formation of cobalt/graphene oxide nanocomposites. The FESEM images showed the porous flower-like structure of particles deposited on the graphene oxide sheets. The AFM images clearly showed the surface roughness and the dispersion of nanoparticles on graphene oxide sheets. Room-temperature magnetization values range from 18 emu g^?1 to 167 emu g^?1, depending on the applied voltage. In order to study the electrical properties of the nanocomposites, the volumetric resistivity and volumetric conductivity under different pressures and the current-voltage characteristic curves were measured. Based on the results, the nanocomposites synthesized by applying 8 V and 23 V show ohmic behavior and have the highest volumetric conductivity. The volumetric conductivity increases with increasing the pressure. The nanocomposite prepared by applying 23 V presents good structural, magnetic, and electrical properties.     

Electro-Magnetic Polyfuran/Fe3O4 Nanocomposite: Synthesis,Characterization, Antioxidant Activity,and Its Application as a Biosensor

Herein, the authors report the synthesis of electro-magnetic polyfuran/Fe₃O₄ nanocomposites using Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanoparticles of different content as nucleation sites via in situ chemical oxidation polymerization method. Surface, structural, morphological, thermal, electrical and magnetic properties of the nanocomposites were studied by FT-IR, UV-visible spectroscopies, XRD, FESEM, TGA, four probe, and VSM, respectively. The effect of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles content on the electrical conductivity and magnetization of nanocomposites was studied. The obtained polyfuran and polyfuran/Fe₃O₄ nanocomposites were analyzed for their antioxidant activity using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. In addition, polyfuran/Fe₃O₄ nanocomposites have been investigated for application as electrochemical biosensor.     

保温时间对聚对亚苯基/LiNi-铁氧体纳米复合材料输运性能的影响

以溶剂热法合成聚对亚苯基/LiNi_0.5Fe₂O₄纳米复合材料,分别对放电等离子烧结时不同保温时间制备的样品的电导率和热导率进行了研究。发现,保温时间不同对聚对亚苯基/ LiNi_0.5Fe₂O₄纳米复合材料的电导率没有明显的影响,但对热导率具有一定的影响,保温时间越长热导率越大。保温时间延长,导致铁氧体晶粒长大,使材料体系的声子平均自由程增加,因此声子热导率增加,从而导致总热导率的增加。由于铁氧体具有较差的电输运特性,因此晶粒长大对电导率大小没有明显的影响。     

Electrical and thermal properties of carbon nanotubes/PMMA composites induced by low magnetic fields

Abstract

Ni particles supported on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were dispersed in a polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) matrix by solution blending and then cast onto an electrode to get composite films under low magnetic fields. The orientation of CNTs in the films was characterised by scanning electron microscope and optical microscope. Multimeter and high resistance meter were used to study the electrical behaviour of the nanocomposites. The glass transition temperature T _g of PMMA was determined by differential scanning calorimetry. The results show that the alignment of the CNTs dispersed in the PMMA was achieved under a low magnetic strength below 0·5 T. Because of the ferromagnetism of Ni particles, the magnetic alignment of CNTs susceptibly changed. The magnetic alignment units in this work were rod-like CNTs aggregates instead of single CNTs, which took part in the buildup of a specific CNTs network structure in PMMA matrix. The network structure played a key role in significantly improving electrical conductivity and T _g of the nanocomposites.     

Morphology and Thermal Stability of Electrically Conducting Nanocomposites Prepared by Sulfosalicylic Acid Micelles Assisted Polymerization of Aniline in Presence of ZrO2 Nanoparticles

Electrically conductive polyaniline (Pani)/zirconium oxide (ZrO₂) nanocomposites were prepared by in-situ oxidative polymerization of aniline in the presence of sulfosalicylic acid (SSA), HCl and different amounts of ZrO₂ nanoparticles. Pani/ZrO₂ nanocomposites were characterized by Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The stability of the nanocomposites in terms of DC electrical conductivity retention was also studied in ambient atmosphere by isothermal ageing and cyclic ageing techniques. Pani/ZrO₂ nanocomposites were observed to be more conducting than Pani but showed poorer stability in terms of DC electrical conductivity retention under ambient environmental conditions.     

Efficient Dispersion of Magnetite Nanoparticles in the Polyurethane Matrix Through Solution Mixing and Investigation of the Nanocomposite Properties

Recent studies on inorganic/polymer nanocomposites have shown enhancements in thermal, mechanical, and chemical properties over the neat polymer without compromising density, toughness, and processibility. When nanoparticles are incorporated into the polymer matrix, significant enhancements in thermal and mechanical properties of the nanocomposite are observed. The present study is focused on the preparation and characterization of nanosize magnetite-reinforced PU composites, which induces magnetic properties to a specific thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer. The nanocomposites are prepared and the effects of magnetite content on thermal, mechanical, and magnetic properties of the nanocomposites are evaluated. Ultrasonication was used to disperse the nanoparticles and break up any large clumps and aggregates and followed by mechanical mixing. The magnetic nanocomposites were characterized by FT-IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM). Characterization of the magnetic nanocomposite by FT-IR showed a successful incorporation of magnetite nanoparticles into the polymeric matrix. TGA and magnetometry of the magnetic nanocomposites revealed the amount of magnetite that was incorporated into the polymeric phase. Finally, the corresponding magnetization behavior of the nanocomposites was studied.     

Preparation and characterization of magnetic nanoparticles embedded in hydrogels for protein purification and metal extraction

The present work involves the development of hydrogel magnetic nanocomposites for protein purification and heavy metal extraction applications. The magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were prepared in situ in poly(acrylamide)-gum acacia (PAM-GA) hydrogels. The formation of magnetic nanoparticles in the hydrogel networks was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Scanning electron (SEM) microscopy studies revealed the formation of MNPs throughout the hydrogel networks. The average size of MNPs formed in the hydrogel networks was 3–5 nm as determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The thermal properties of the hydrogel magnetic nanocomposites were evaluated by dynamic scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric (TG) analysis. The magnetic properties of the developed hydrogel magnetic nanocomposites were determined by a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The swelling properties of the hydrogel and the hydrogel magnetic nanocomposites were studied in detail. The hydrogel magnetic nanocomposites are utilized for the removal of toxic metal ions such as Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II) and for protein purification. The results confirm that the hydrogel magnetic nanocomposites exhibit superior extraction properties to hydrogels.     

Organosilane modified magnetite nanoparticles/poly(aniline-co-o/m-aminobenzenesulfonic acid) composites: Synthesis and characterization

A new strategy is employed for the preparation of hybrid nanocomposites based on silanized magnetite nanoparticles (MNPs-Si) and sulfonated polyanilines (SPAN). The method involves chemical oxidative copolymerization of orthoanilinic (OA) or metanilinic (MA) acid with aniline (ANI) in the presence of MNPs-Si. The nanocomposites, MNPs-Si/SPAN (OA/MA), were characterized for morphology and structural, thermal, electrical and magnetic properties. The composites have higher conductivities (0.25–0.39 S/cm) in comparison to pristine PANI (5.19 × 10⁻³ S/cm). The nanocomposites exhibit superparamagnetism.     

Antistatic packaging based on PTT/PTT-g-MA/ABS/MWCNT nanocomposites: Effect of the chemical functionalization of MWCNTs

Polymer/carbon nanotube nanocomposites have attracted high interest for a wide spectrum of applications, including antistatic packaging used to protect electronic devices against electrostatic discharge. Polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT)/maleic-anhydride-grafted PTT (PTT-g-MA)/acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) blend-based multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) nanocomposites were prepared through extrusion. It was conducted chemical functionalization on the MWCNTs by oxidation using nitric acid to introduce functional groups. The effect of the amount (0.5 or 1.0 wt%) and functionalization of MWCNTs on the nanocomposites was investigated. Despite the poor barrier properties of PTT/PTT-g-MA/ABS/MWCNT nanocomposites due to the presence of voids confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the nanocomposites with functionalized MWCNT (MWCNTf) showed excellent barrier properties, indicating that the functionalization process improved the interaction between the MWCNTs and the matrix. The addition of MWCNTs into PTT/PTT-g-MA/ABS blend decreased the electrical resistivity by eight orders of magnitude. The use of MWCNTf may still disrupt the electrical network pathway and slightly decreasing the electrical resistivity, but the nanocomposites present the desired properties required for antistatic packaging.