云制造环境下产品族与供应链联合设计研究

产品族设计是实现产品个性化生产的重要途径。产品族各个模块运载能力和成本的差异导致定制产品生产成本过高、资源配置不合理等问题。针对该问题，考虑全局分布多节点企业的多阶段供应链，结合云制造环境，提出产品族与供应链联合设计方法，建立以供应链成本最低为目标的产品族与供应链联合设计模型。为了避免陷入局部最优解，设计了自适应交叉方式与变异方式的差分进化算法。最后以变压器的生产为例进行算例分析，实验结果表明该模型有效降低供应链成本，优化资源配置，验证所提方法和求解算法的有效性。     

建材装备制造企业生产协作和外协管理方法研究

生产外协和集团内部协作作为制造企业扩大加工资源的方式,已被越来越多装备制造企业所重视。由于建材装备制造企业基于客户订单进行生产,所以对于生产外协和集团内部协作的依赖较高。文中通过分析建材装备制造企业生产流程,研究了企业生产外协和集团内部协作管理方法,并根据信息技术,分析了外协商的选择。     

施工机械设备外协加工伙伴选择

外协加工伙伴优化选择当前已成为设计制造企业顺利开展外协加工需解决的首要问题。结合实际外协加工伙伴选择过程,提出了一种包括外协时间(T)、外协成本(C)、外协质量(Q)、外协信息保障能力(I)、外协安全与环保能力(E)和后续服务能力(S)等6大目标的施工机械设备外协加工伙伴目标体系,建立了一种施工机械设备外协加工伙伴多目标优化选择模型,并给出了基于AHP和模糊方法的模型求解过程。最后,以JQDS900架桥机金属结构外协加工伙伴选择为实例,证明了其实用性和有效性。     

基于BP神经网络的外协供应商选择方法及应用

针对大型建材装备制造企业不能快速准确选择最优外协供应商的问题,提出了一种基于BP神经网络的外协供应商选择方法。在分析外协供应商及其评价方法的基础上,建立了基于BP神经网络的外协供应商综合评价模型,设计了一种基于BP神经网络的外协供应商选择算法,可以利用训练好的神经网络进行外协供应商的选择。通过算例进行了仿真分析,验证了算法的可行性。     

敏捷制造的盟员选择策略研究

提出一种实现敏捷制造的盟员选择策略。将成组技术应用于敏捷制造,建立了新颖的产品和制造资源模型。通过２种产品评价方法－－变异式评价方法和创成式评价方法,利用层次分析方法,实现多规则盟员选择,最终形成敏捷制造企业。     

集团制造多主体外协订单任务制造资源配置

集团制造企业的外协订单任务制造资源配置过程具有多主体、多任务、多资源、多工序以及协同性的特点,增加了订单制造资源配置过程的复杂性和不确定性。针对这一问题,提出两阶段多主体外协订单任务制造资源配置方法;设计了基于成本—工期—收益的订单任务排序算法和基于PageRank的订单任务制造资源排序算法,并建立了多主体外协订单任务制造资源配置模型;运用遗传算法求解多目标下多主体外协订单任务制造资源配置模型的Pareto最优解。以某建材装备制造集团的外协订单任务制造资源配置为例,验证了所提理论方法的合理性和有效性。     

企业资源优化与优化模型

讨论了企业资源优化问题的基本概念和特性，综述了学术界为实现企业资源优化所做的努力，提出了一个基于供应链结构、能够实现制造类企业资源优化的企业资源优化模型。该模型能描述制造企业复杂的物料清单关系，进行详细的物流与能力平衡，可对产品组合、库存控制、外协加工等进行优化。模型可以取代传统企业资源计划系统中的主生产计划、物料需求计划和能力需求计划模块，成为企业资源优化系统的核心模块。     

生产协作环境下工艺外协伙伴选择策略研究

生产协作制造模式的出现使得企业与企业之间的工艺设计合作更加紧密,如何选择外协伙伴逐渐成为一个重要难题。通过对工艺方案进行建模,建立统一的生产准备管理平台,使企业组织内成员能够在该平台上相互协作完成工艺任务;在该平台上,利用层次分析法、模糊评价和熵权法以及对TOPSIS法进行适当改进,建立了一套合理的外协伙伴评价体系,合理地选择了外协伙伴,实现了工艺资源最优化配置。最后以某企业的工艺设计外协项目论证外协伙伴评价体系的合理性和实用性。     

基于移动终端的网络化外协加工进度实时管控系统

针对外协加工中进度信息反馈不及时、生产异常处理效率低、主导企业对外协生产控制能力差等问题,结合网络化制造和制造执行系统等先进管理思想,提出一种基于移动终端的网络化外协加工进度实时管控系统,阐述了系统总体解决方案,并对一种基于移动终端的多工序外协加工进度信息实时采集与信息交互技术和外协企业加工进度监控预警模型进行了研究。该系统已成功应用于江苏某制造企业,取得了良好的效果。     

发动机缸体试制工具选型策略

正发动机缸体是发动机的重要组件,一般发动机均选择铸造的方式制坯,后续采用金属切削加工的方式加工至成品。为了提高国产汽车的市场竞争力,国家鼓励各汽车制造企业对自主品牌发动机开发与研制,许多大型汽车制造企业响应国家号召,加大了自主知识产权发动机的开发力度,纷纷推出了自主知识产权的发动机。这种局面的出现,使得发动机缸体试制加工业务市场陡然增大,因为在发动机研制阶段,汽车制造企业一般会依托社会力量,选择外协的方式来完成发动机缸体的试制     

Novel method for evaluating surface roughness by grey dynamic filtering

The evaluation of surface roughness is of great importance for manufacturing industries as the roughness of a surface has a considerable influence on its quality and the function of products. For surface roughness evaluation, to find an appropriate reference line is of the utmost importance. A smooth grey reference line obtained by grey dynamic filtering is proposed to evaluate surface roughness. The primary sampling data of the measured surface need not obey the typical distributions and the surface profile with less data can also be evaluated without losing primary data. Through sample analysis, the grey reference line is well consistent with ISO Gaussian reference line and their evaluation results for surface roughness are in agreement. The grey reference line can be used as one of complements for Gaussian reference line.     

Make-to-order/make-to-stock partitioning decision using the analytic network process

This paper presents a decision-making structure to determine the appropriate product delivery strategy for different products in a manufacturing system. These strategies include make-to-stock (MTS), make-to-order (MTO), and hybrid MTS/MTO production systems. In fact, the proposed approach gets the decision maker the opportunity to benefit from both strategies through applying the hybrid one. There are varieties of driving factors involved in choosing the right product delivery strategy, and all these factors have positive and negative interactions with each others; in this regard, we apply an appropriate multi-criteria decision-making method. In this method, relevant criteria affecting MTS/MTO partition are split into four categories: market-related criteria, product-related criteria, process-related criteria, and supplier-related criteria. Due to the interdependency between these criteria, we use analytic network process that generalizes analytic hierarchical process by considering the interdependencies among factors. Finally, in order to show the applicability of the proposed structure in practice, the structure is implemented to choose the best production policy among three aforementioned strategies in the real industrial case company.     

Manufacturing performance evaluation for IC products

As we known, the product diversity and complexity in the production line will gradually increase. When the multiple products were alternately produced at the same line, the manufacturing performance will be difficult to evaluate. In particular, traditional process capability analysis and related process capability indexes cannot be directly employed to the IC manufacturing process. As we know, the yield has a direct effect on the manufacturing cost. Hence, yield is frequently used by most IC manufacturers to evaluate manufacturing performance. The diversity of function will become another analytic consideration due to that the component density, wafer area and product complexity of an IC product rapidly increase. Hence, the diversity of function can be regarded as the evaluated factor. Additionally, the defects on a wafer will begin to cluster as the wafer area gradually increases. Therefore, only using the yield to represent manufacturing performance may not lead to an appropriate judgment. In particular, only using the yield to evaluate the process’s stability and the product’s maturity can not provide a meaningful resolution. The primary reason is that the inherent features in the processes or products are not included into analyzing. For instance, even though the defect count, defect size and defect distribution are the same, the yield loss of the complicate manufactured product will be less than that of the simple manufactured product. In this study, we propose a simple performance evaluation index to assess the manufacturing performance in the IC manufacturing industry. This evaluation index is constructed according to a modified Poisson yield model, and the related parameters regarding the process or product (e.g., the minimum linewidth, the area of a die, the number of manufactured process or layer, the degree of defect clustering, and so on.) are taken into consideration. In addition, an integrated evaluation procedure is also suggested to evaluate the performance of the manufacturing of multiple IC products. According to the result obtained from the illustrative example, the index and the procedure can overcome the drawback of separately using yield or defect count in the analysis. The rationality and the feasibility of the proposed evaluated index and the procedure can be verified by demonstrating the illustrative example.     

The implementation and evaluation of Total Productive Maintenance (TPM)—an action case study in a Hong Kong manufacturing company

This paper records the pilot implementation and evaluation of Total Productivity Maintenance (TPM) in the advanced manufacturing environment of a Hong Kong Manufacturing company. The management of the company would like to implement TPM in the company. However, many people doubt whether the project will succeed. The main concerns are: 1) TPM is a Japanese method. 2) The method may not be suitable for people in Hong Kong. Therefore, the company decided to have a pilot test in an advanced model machine. The pilot project turned out to be very successful. The experiences from this will be useful for the company to apply to all manufacturing. It can also be a reference for other companies that would like to implement TPM.     

北京赛德高科铁道电气科技有限责任公司的网络营销策略探讨

网络营销是一种崭新的营销理念和营销模式,制造类企业与普通生活资料企业在网络营销方面有很大的不同。如何规划和设计好网络营销的定位,采用企业所适合的网络营销策略,是开展网络营销必须要解决的问题。北京赛德高科铁道电气科技有限责任公司作为中国先进的高压电器生产商,数年以来,公司将网络营销作为竞争手段,坚定不移推行网络营销,通过积极开展网络营销策略,不但获得了成功,也积累了不少经验。总结北京赛德高科铁道电气科技有限责任公司开展网络营销工作的得失,对其他制造业企业的网络营销策略的规划和制定,也有借鉴意义。     

Dispatching of overhead hoist vehicles in a fab intrabay using a multimission-oriented controller

The semiconductor manufacturing system has become one of the most important manufacturing systems in recent years. Intrabay automation for wafer transport is in high demand in a 300 mm foundry fab. The control of the transport system plays an important roles in manufacturing efficiency and the satisfaction of production strategy. In general, efficiency is the most important issue that has appeared in most research of automated transport systems. However, how to dynamically adjust the transport policy to meet the production strategy and to increase the transport efficiency as well seems to be more crucial to modern semiconductor manufacturing systems. In this paper, a fuzzy-logic-based multimission-oriented overhead vehicle dispatcher is developed. The vehicle dispatching rule is assigned in real-time according to the statistics of the manufacturing performance. In this manner, the dispatching rules can be adjusted according to possible high-risk lots so that most of the production strategies can be satisfied. If all of the lots meet the prescribed production strategies, then the nearest-job-first rule can be used to offer higher transport efficiency. In addition, the proposed vehicle dispatcher is also capable of deadlock-free operation, collision avoidance, and blockage prevention. Finally, this paper uses AutoMod simulation software to construct and evaluate the manufacturing models. By evaluating the simulation results, the proposed intelligent multimission-oriented vehicle dispatcher performs better performance than the others, and all of the production strategies are satisfied .     

摩托车振动对比测试及舒适性评价

针对两辆不同企业生产的同排量发动机的摩托车,测试了发动机常用转速下摩托车坐垫和手把位置的振动加速度响应,并进行了对比。根据国际标准ISO2631和ISO5349分别对两辆摩托车进行了振动舒适性评价,形成的摩托车振动舒适性测试和客观评价方法对同类产品有重要的参考价值。     

面向现代制造企业的集成质量系统模型

结合在制造企业计算机辅助质量系统研究与开发中的实践,对现代制造企业环境下质量系统的集成模式、体系结构和框架模型进行了探讨,首次提出了面向制造企业的计算机集成质量系统的立体模型－“质量锥”,提出面向企业的集成质量系统模型应当是一个能够实现纵向层次集成和横向功能集成的立体集成模型,以真正全面实现企业范围内质量系统的信息集成、功能集成、过程集成。     

Using Six Sigma

Lean and Six Sigma are two widely acknowledge business process improvement strategies available to organizations today. Lean production is a strategy for achieving continuous improvement in business process performance through the elimination of waste. Six Sigma, on the other hand, is a powerful business strategy used for driving out variability from processes through effective utilisation of statistical tools and techniques. Lean Sigma is an integration of two powerful strategies which can have a dramatic impact on an organisation's ability to do the things right first time, leading to higher quality, higher productivity, faster delivery and lower costs. Lean Sigma combines the variability reduction tools and techniques from Six Sigma with the waste and non-value added elimination tools and techniques from lean production, to generate monetary savings to the bottom-line of an organisation. In this paper, the results of a survey on current application of Lean Sigma principles for waste reduction, variability reduction and enhanced customer satisfaction are discussed. Lean Sigma is a powerful strategy that can take any manufacturing or service company to a world class performance level. Today many organisations are integrating these two strategies for reducing costs and generating hard-dollar savings to the organisations' bottomline. Both strategies are complimentary to each other.     

紧凑式辊底式连续热处理炉优化加热控制策略

以某公司辊底式连续热处理炉为研究对象,在详细分析其传热机理的基础上,建立了钢坯在炉内加热过程的数学模型,针对该炉型具有的紧凑、主要生产宽厚板、工艺复杂和混装现象严重等特点,提出了紧凑式宽厚板辊底式热处理炉连续和摆动优化加热控制策略.其中包括：钢坯运行控制策略、加热保温控制策略及其不同工艺不同规格钢坯的混装优化控制策略.运行控制策略涉及连续运行策略及摆动运行策略;加热保温控制策略涉及炉温优化设定、钢坯在炉加热保温时间设定及辊速设定;混装控制策略涉及炉温的动态叠加优化设定等.所开发的控制策略已成功地应用于某公司的辊底式连续热处理炉计算机优化控制系统中,取得了令人满意的控制效果.