图像检索中一种支持多例查询的新方法

基于内容的图像检索的关键问题之一是高层语义和低层图像特征之间的差异,相关反馈技术是缩短这个"语义鸿沟"的有效方法。本文提出了一种新的相关反馈算法,通过分析正例图像在特征空间中的散布来构造该类图像的投影空间,该空间对应于一个语义类在特征空间中分布密集的子空间,在投影空间中计算相似图像。同时根据每次反馈的信息不断修正投影空间来提高系统的检索性能。在Corel大图像库中的实验结果表明,该算法对多例图像查询有较好的检索效果。     

基于高层语义的视频检索研究

视频语义检索的研究是目前研究的热点之一。现有的视频检索系统技术多是基于底层特征的、非语义层次的检索。与人类思维中所能理解的高层语义概念相去甚远,这严重影响视频检索的实际效果。如何跨越底层特征和高层语义的鸿沟,用高层语义概念进行视频检索是当前研究的重点。通过对视频内容的语义理解、语义分析、语义提取的简要概述,试图构造一种视频语义检索模型。     

基于模糊支持向量机的面向语义图像检索算法*

为了缩减图像低层特征和高层语义之间的“语义鸿沟”,本文提出一种基于模糊支持向量机的面向语义图像检索(SBIR-FSVM)算法。在提取图像的低层特征的基础上,本文将最小隶属度模糊支持向量机引入到图像检索技术中,获取图像语义信息及消除传统支持向量机(SVM)在多类分类中产生的不可分区域,从而实现面向语义的图像检索。实验结果表明,本文提出的SBIR-FSVM算法与基于SVM的图像检索算法及综合多特征的基于内容的图像检索算法相比均有了显著的改进。     

基于特征互补率矩阵的图像分类方法

在基于内容的图像检索和分类系统中,图像的底层特征和高层语义之间存在着语义鸿沟,有效减小语义鸿沟是一个需要广泛研究的问题。为此,提出一种基于特征互补率矩阵的图像分类方法,该方法通过计算视觉特征互补率矩阵进而指导融合特征集的选择,利用测度学习算法得到一个合适的距离测度以反映图像高层语义的相似度。实验结果表明,该方法能有效提高图像分类精度。     

Learning Pseudo Metric for Intelligent Multimedia Data Classification and Retrieval

While people compare images using semantic concepts, computers compare images using low-level visual features that sometimes have little to do with these semantics. To reduce the gap between the high-level semantics of visual objects and the low-level features extracted from them, in this paper we develop a framework of learning pseudo metrics (LPM) using neural networks for semantic image classification and retrieval. Performance analysis and comparative studies, by experimenting on an image database, show that the LPM has potential application to multimedia information processing.     

基于高层颜色语义名称的显著性检测*

为了克服图像底层特征与高层语义之间的语义鸿沟,降低自顶向下的显著性检测方法对特定物体先验的依赖,提出一种基于高层颜色语义特征的显著性检测方法。首先从彩色图像中提取结构化颜色特征并在多核学习框架下,实现对图像进行颜色命名获取像素的颜色语义名称;接着利用图像颜色语义名称分布计算高层颜色语义特征,再将其与底层的Gist特征融合,通过线性支持向量机训练生成显著性分类器,实现像素级的显著性检测。实验结果表明,本文算法能够更加准确地检测出人眼视觉关注点。且与传统的底层颜色特征相比,本文颜色语义特征能够获得更好的显著性检测结果。     

一种基于稀疏典型性相关分析的图像检索方法

图像语义检索的一个关键问题就是要找到图像底层特征与语义之间的关联,由于文本是表达语义的一种有效手段,因此提出通过研究文本与图像两种模态之间关系来构建反映两者间潜在语义关联的有效模型的思路,基于该模型,可使用自然语言形式(文本语句)来表达检索意图,最终检索到相关图像.该模型基于稀疏典型性相关分析(sparse canonical correlation analysis,简称sparse CCA),按照如下步骤训练得到:首先利用隐语义分析方法构造文本语义空间,然后以视觉词袋(bag of visual words)来表达文本所对应的图像,最后通过Sparse CCA算法找到一个语义相关空间,以实现文本语义与图像视觉单词间的映射.使用稀疏的相关性分析方法可以提高模型可解释性和保证检索结果稳定性.实验结果验证了Sparse CCA方法的有效性,同时也证实了所提出的图像语义检索方法的可行性.     

基于SVM的图像低层特征与高层语义的关联

在基于内容的图像检索中，针对图像的低层可视特征与高层语义特征之间的鸿沟，提出了一种基于支持向量机（SVM）的语义关联方法。通过对图像低层特征的分析，提取了颜色和形状特征向量（221维），将它们作为支持向量机的输入向量，对图像类进行学习，建立图像低层特征与高层语义的关联，并应用于鸟类、花卉、海洋以及建筑物等几个典型的语义类别检索。实验结果表明，该方法可适应于不同用户的图像检索，并提高了检索性能。     

融合多特征的深度学习标注方法

缩小图像低层视觉特征与高层语义之间的鸿沟,以提高图像语义自动标注的精度,是研究大规模图像数据管理的关键。提出一种融合多特征的深度学习图像自动标注方法,将图像视觉特征以不同权重组合成词包,根据输入输出变量优化深度信念网络,完成大规模图像数据语义自动标注。在通用Corel图像数据集上的实验表明,融合多特征的深度学习图像自动标注方法,考虑图像不同特征的影响,提高了图像自动标注的精度。     

Relevance Feedback and Learning in Content-Based Image Search

A major bottleneck in content-based image retrieval (CBIR) systems or search engines is the large gap between low-level image features used to index images and high-level semantic contents of images. One solution to this bottleneck is to apply relevance feedback to refine the query or similarity measures in image search process. In this paper, we first address the key issues involved in relevance feedback of CBIR systems and present a brief overview of a set of commonly used relevance feedback algorithms. Almost all of the previously proposed methods fall well into such framework. We present a framework of relevance feedback and semantic learning in CBIR. In this framework, low-level features and keyword annotations are integrated in image retrieval and in feedback processes to improve the retrieval performance. We have also extended framework to a content-based web image search engine in which hosting web pages are used to collect relevant annotations for images and users' feedback logs are used to refine annotations. A prototype system has developed to evaluate our proposed schemes, and our experimental results indicated that our approach outperforms traditional CBIR system and relevance feedback approaches.     

Featured correspondence topic model for semantic search on social image collections

Nowadays, due to the rapid growth of digital technologies, huge volumes of image data are created and shared on social media sites. User-provided tags attached to each social image are widely recognized as a bridge to fill the semantic gap between low-level image features and high-level concepts. Hence, a combination of images along with their corresponding tags is useful for intelligent retrieval systems, those are designed to gain high-level understanding from images and facilitate semantic search. However, user-provided tags in practice are usually incomplete and noisy, which may degrade the retrieval performance. To tackle this problem, we present a novel retrieval framework that automatically associates the visual content with textual tags and enables effective image search. To this end, we first propose a probabilistic topic model learned on social images to discover latent topics from the co-occurrence of tags and image features. Moreover, our topic model is built by exploiting the expert knowledge about the correlation between tags with visual contents and the relationship among image features that is formulated in terms of spatial location and color distribution. The discovered topics then help to predict missing tags of an unseen image as well as the ones partially labeled in the database. These predicted tags can greatly facilitate the reliable measure of semantic similarity between the query and database images. Therefore, we further present a scoring scheme to estimate the similarity by fusing textual tags and visual representation. Extensive experiments conducted on three benchmark datasets show that our topic model provides the accurate annotation against the noise and incompleteness of tags. Using our generalized scoring scheme, which is particularly advantageous to many types of queries, the proposed approach also outperforms state-of-the-art approaches in terms of retrieval accuracy.     

颜色语义特征描述提取及其在图像分类中的应用

为了弥补图像底层特征到高层语义之间的语义鸿沟,提出一种颜色语义特征的构建方法以建立新的语义映射来提高图像分类准确率。通过提取底层颜色特征,构建包含颜色概念的语义网络,建立了颜色语义特征三元组,利用机器学习分类算法进行图像分类。实验结果表明,利用文章提出的新方法构建的语义特征向量进行图像分类,不仅可以取得优秀的分类结果,同时对不同的分类算法具有鲁棒性。     

A multiple instance learning based framework for semantic image segmentation

Most image segmentation algorithms extract regions satisfying visual uniformity criteria. Unfortunately, because of the semantic gap between low-level features and high-level semantics, such regions usually do not correspond to meaningful parts. This has motivated researchers to develop methods that, by introducing high-level knowledge into the segmentation process, can break through the performance ceiling imposed by the semantic gap. The main disadvantage of those methods is their lack of flexibility due to the assumption that such knowledge is provided in advance. In content-based image retrieval (CBIR), relevance feedback (RF) learning has been successfully applied as a technique aimed at reducing the semantic gap. Inspired by this, we present a RF-based CBIR framework that uses multiple instance learning to perform a semantically-guided context adaptation of segmentation parameters. A partial instantiation of this framework that uses mean shift-based segmentation is presented. Experiments show the effectiveness and flexibility of the proposed framework on real images.     

图像增强技术结合基于内容感知编组的图像检索

在传统的基于内容图像检索方法中,由于图像的领域较宽,图像的低级视觉特征和高级概念之间存在较大的语义间隔,检索效果不很理想.给出图像增强技术在贝叶斯框架下基于内容的感知编组规则的图像检索.经过图像增强技术处理后图像灰暗度及其色彩明暗提高,又通过感知编组提取图像颜色特征进行贝叶斯分类,并根据Lxaxbx空间彩色的距离判定条件来进行检索.经实验验证,该方法的检索效果比通常的方法有较大提高.     

Analyzing scenery images by monotonic tree

Content-based image retrieval (CBIR) has been an active research area in the last ten years, and a variety of techniques have been developed. However, retrieving images on the basis of low-level features has proven unsatisfactory, and new techniques are needed to support high-level queries. Research efforts are needed to bridge the gap between high-level semantics and low-level features. In this paper, we present a novel approach to support semantics-based image retrieval. Our approach is based on the monotonic tree, a derivation of the contour tree for use with discrete data. The structural elements of an image are modeled as branches (or subtrees) of the monotonic tree. These structural elements are classified and clustered on the basis of such properties as color, spatial location, harshness and shape. Each cluster corresponds to some semantic feature. This scheme is applied to the analysis and retrieval of scenery images. Comparisons of experimental results of this approach with conventional techniques using low-level features demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.     

基于深度学习的图像检索系统

基于内容的图像检索系统关键的技术是有效图像特征的获取和相似度匹配策略.在过去,基于内容的图像检索系统主要使用低级的可视化特征,无法得到满意的检索结果,所以尽管在基于内容的图像检索上花费了很大的努力,但是基于内容的图像检索依旧是计算机视觉领域中的一个挑战.在基于内容的图像检索系统中,存在的最大的问题是“语义鸿沟”,即机器从低级的可视化特征得到的相似性和人从高级的语义特征得到的相似性之间的不同.传统的基于内容的图像检索系统,只是在低级的可视化特征上学习图像的特征,无法有效的解决“语义鸿沟”.近些年,深度学习技术的快速发展给我们提供了希望.深度学习源于人工神经网络的研究,深度学习通过组合低级的特征形成更加抽象的高层表示属性类别或者特征,以发现数据的分布规律,这是其他算法无法实现的.受深度学习在计算机视觉、语音识别、自然语言处理、图像与视频分析、多媒体等诸多领域取得巨大成功的启发,本文将深度学习技术用于基于内容的图像检索,以解决基于内容的图像检索系统中的“语义鸿沟”问题.     

一种具有相关反馈的图像检索方法

图像底层特征和高层语义之间存在着巨大的语义鸿沟.受限于图像理解技术的发展水平和对认知的理解水平.目前,对图像语义的描述还无法由计算机自动建立.要克服语义鸿沟,需引入相关反馈机制.特征提取采用结合空间信息的颜色一致直方图方法,并建立了基于方差分析的权值调整方法进行反馈调节,有效地提高了图像检索准确率.     

基于支持向量机的图像语义分类

图像的低层可视特征与高层语义特征之间存在着一道鸿沟,人们不能直接理解由计算机自动生成的低层特征.另外,基于内容的图像分类和检索的性能极大地依赖于可视特征的提取和描述.出于这些考虑,提出了新的图像纹理、边缘描述子提取方法,并将它们表示为直方图.在此基础上,集成纹理、边缘和颜色直方图作为图像的特征向量,用支持向量机(SVM)实现图像的语义分类.实验结果表明,集成的图像特征表示在图像分类实验中取得了很好的效果,具有比其他特征表示(如Gabor纹理、颜色直方图)更好的性能.