稀土氧化物粒子对钼合金粉末冶金过程及力学性能的影响

试验研究了掺杂La2O3、Y2O3、CeO2稀土氧化物颗粒对钼合金的粉末物性、烧结进程、制品的烧结致密度及压力加工丝材的室温力学性能的影响规律。试验结果表明,掺杂稀土氧化物粒子细化了钼粉的粒度,降低了松装密度和粒度分布范围,同时导致粉末团聚现象增多;稀土氧化物粒子延迟了钼合金的烧结进程,降低了烧结制品的致密度,同时细化了烧结体晶粒尺寸。稀土氧化物粒子以弥散强化和细晶强化的形式,提高了钼合金丝的室温强度。CeO2显著提高了钼合金丝的室温韧性,La2O3、Y2O3则降低了钼合金丝的室温韧性。     

Preparation and Characterization of Nanocrystalline CeO2 by Precipitation Method

CeO2 nanocrystalline particulates with different sizes were prepared by precipitation method using ethanol as dispersive and protective reagent. XRD spectra show that the synthesized CeO2 has cubic crystalline structure of space group OH^H-FM3M, when calcination temperature is in the range of 250 - 800 ℃. TEM images reveal that CeO2 particles are spherical in shape. The average size of the particles increases with the increase of calcination temperature. Thermogravimetric analysis indicates that the weight loss of precursor mainly depends on the calcination temperature, and little depends on the calcination time. Measurements of CeO2 relative density show that the relative density of CeO2 nanocrystalline powders increases with increasing CeO2 particle size.     

Preparation of Fine Spherical Particle Sized Ceria by Precipitation Method with Ammonium Bicarbonate

Fine spherical panicle sized ceria (CeO2) was prepared by homogeneous precipitation method with ammonium bicarbonate as precipitant. The prepared CeO2 has the primary panicle size of 10-50nm when calcined between 400-700℃ analyzed by XRD and the aggregated particle size is about 300 nm measured by LASER panicle sizer. SEM, TGDTA and Zeta-potential analyzer were employed individually to study the morphology, and the fonnation of CeO2 product. It was found that excess NH4NO3 can serve as an sphericallization agent to prepare spherical Ce02 powder by precipitation method.     

Y2O3-CeO2-ZrO2 Powder Prepared by Co-Precipitation and As-Plasma-Sprayed Coating

The Y2O3-CeO2-ZrO2 powders were prepared using a co-precipitation process and the corresponding coatings were prepared by plasma spraying. The results show that an optimal composition exists in Y2O3-doped CeO2-ZrO2, but not in CeO2-doped Y2O3-ZrO2. The powders mainly contain tetragonal phase and a trace amount of monoclinic phase. The homogeneity in composition, large agglomerate size, ideal particle size distribution and high flowability were obtained. The as-sprayed coatings are composed of non-transformable tetragonal phase, tz‘ structure, and resistant to transformation under thermal or mechanical stresses.     

碳酸氢铵沉淀法制备氧化铈抛光粉

利用碳酸氢铵做沉淀剂制备氧化铈抛光粉,通过L16(44)正交试验,研究了温度、硝酸铈浓度、滴加速度和搅拌速度对氧化铈粒度和比表面积的影响。得到的最佳粒度制备工艺条件为:温度60℃、硝酸铈浓度50g/L、搅拌速率500r/min、滴加速度50mL/min。并对最佳制备工艺条件下制取的抛光粉进行粒度、形貌和抛蚀量进行研究。     

撞击流-活性炭吸附法制备氧化钇超细粉体

以Y( NO3)3·6H2O和碳酸氢铵为原料,在撞击流反应器中制备碳酸钇,经焙烧得到超细氧化钇粉体.考察了分散剂加入量、反应物摩尔比n( NH4HCO3)/n(Y(NO3)3)、活性碳用量、反应温度、反应时间、搅拌速度以及碳酸钇的焙烧温度和焙烧时间等因素对Y2O3粒径的影响,并用WJL激光粒度仪、TG、XRD和SEM等表征手段对产品进行表征,从而获得制备超细氧化钇的优化工艺条件为:PEG4000的质量为硝酸钇的3％,活性炭用量为0.025 mol·L-1,反应物摩尔比n( NH4HCO3):n(Y( NO3)3)为8:1,反应温度50℃,反应40 min,螺旋桨转速1000 r·min-1,800℃下焙烧1.5h,在此条件下制得球形氧化钇超细粉体,表观粒径小于0.5μm.     

Preparation of Well Dispersed and Ultra-Fine Ce （Zr）O2 Mixed Oxide by Mechanochemical Processing

Ultra-fine CeO2-ZrO2 mixed oxide was successfully synthesized by wet-solid phase mechanochemical processing, Ce2(CO3)3·8H2O, ZrOCl2·xH2O and ammonia were used as reactants. It is found that the crystalline Ce2(CO3)3·8H2O and ZrOCl2·xH2O are changed to amorphous cerium and zirconium hydroxide precursor after milling with ammonia, and Ce0.15Zr0.85O2 mixed oxide with pure tetragonal phase structure and medium particle size(D50)less than 1μm is formed by calcining precursor over 673 K. The XRD patterns indicate that the crystal unite size increases with rising calcining temperature due to crystal growth. However, the particle size and BET surface area of the Ce(Zr)O2 mixed oxide decreases with rising calcining temperature, which may be attributed to the contract of particles and the vanish of holes inside grains.     

不同沉淀剂制备氧化铈抛光粉

氧化铈(CeO₂)抛光粉在光学玻璃、手机盖板、集成电路等领域内有着广泛的应用。合成高端CeO₂抛光粉主要采用液相沉淀得到前驱体,再经过煅烧转型制得CeO₂。前驱体是决定CeO₂抛光粉性质和性能的关键因素之一。通过模拟工业上常用的制备方法,以氯化铈(CeCl₃)为铈源,使用碳酸钠(Na₂CO₃)、碳酸铵[(NH₄)₂CO₃]、碳酸氢铵(NH₄HCO₃)、二水合草酸(H₂C2O₄·2H₂O)和氢氧化钠(NaOH)为沉淀剂,合成了一系列CeO₂抛光粉的前驱体。利用X-射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、激光粒度仪等手段表征了前驱体的晶相、形貌、粒度等性质,并研究了前驱体煅烧转型后的CeO₂性质及其对K9光学玻璃的...     

共沉淀反应条件与分散剂对Cu-Al_2O_3粉末性能的影响

以酸碱含铜刻蚀废液为原料,聚乙烯醇(PVA)为分散剂,并采用添加可溶性铝盐络合共沉淀的方法制备了含铝铜的前驱体粉末,最终采用高温煅烧-氢气还原工艺制备了纳米Al_2O_3弥散强化铜粉末。采用激光粒度仪、SEM-EDS、XRD等研究了络合共沉淀过程中工艺参数对弥散铜粉末及Al_2O_3弥散相粒度的影响。结果表明:通过控制络合共沉淀过程中的反应条件,可制备出粒度小于1.5μm且分布较窄的纳米Al_2O_3弥散强化铜粉末,最佳工艺参数为:母液浓度1.0 mol/L,沉淀氨水浓度20%(体积分数),反应温度70℃,p H值为7;调节分散剂的含量可控制弥散相的粒度及分布,PVA与铜离子的物质的量比为0.4∶1.0时,制备出的纳米Al_2O_3弥散相粒度小于100 nm,粒子间距100~200 nm;粉末经氢气烧结950℃保温60 min,烧结试样的密度为8.45 g/cm~3,硬度为115 HB。     

气雾化压力对3D打印用316L不锈钢粉末性能的影响

采用真空熔炼气雾化工艺制备3D打印用316L不锈钢粉末,通过调整雾化参数,研究了不同雾化压力对粉末化学成分、粒度分布、球形度、表面形貌、流动性及松装密度等特性的影响。结果表明:在保温温度(1560±20)℃、保温时间20 min、漏包温度(1050±30)℃、高纯氮气雾化及雾化压力3.0 MPa工艺参数下,制备得到的粉末性能可达到氧含量(质量分数)0.08%、中位径31.39μm、球形度0.75、流动性21.56 g/(50 s)及松装密度3.88 g/cm~3,基本满足不同金属3D打印技术对粉末材料性能的要求。     

（Y，Eu）2O3红生粉的粒度和形貌控制研究

以草酸共沉淀法制备（Y,Eu）2O3为红生粉,对比六种沉淀方式对红生粉形貌的影响,其中在沉淀过程中添加氨水并用双加料的方式可制备出形貌上优于红生粉商品,其粒度分布呈正态分布;通过调节草酸过量系数、沉淀过程中添加氨水的量、合成温度及草酸浓度等沉淀条件可控制红生粉D50的变化。     

氧化石墨烯在二水磷酸铁复合前驱体制备中的作用

以Fe(NO3)3·9H2O、NaH2PO4·2H2O、H3PO4为原料,添加氧化石墨烯(Graphene oxide,GO),采用均相沉淀法制备石墨烯/二水磷酸铁复合前驱体(Graphene/FePO4·2H2O),以期用于制备石墨烯/LiFePO4复合正极材料.结果发现,GO的添加可使FePO4·2H2O前驱体形貌由团聚的絮状转变为分散的类球状;对类球状粉体过滤浓缩后,再进行原料的滴加操作,使类球状粉体二次生长,产物为规则的球状粉体,且粒度分布均匀,分散性好,D50=4.220μm,振实密度达1.31 g/m3.粉体的XRD、FT-IR及Raman分析结果表明,前驱体制备中添加的GO在反应过程中已基本还原为石墨烯,这对于高密度球状石墨烯/磷酸铁复合前驱体的制备具有重要的应用价值.     

Synthesis and Characterization of Large Surface Area Yttrium Oxide by Precipitation Method

Rareearthoxides(REO)withlargesurfaceareahavehighchemicalreactionactivity ,soitisusedwidelyinthefieldofcatalysis ,SOFC ,advancedce ramicandsoon[1] .Inordertosatisfythedemandofthenewfunctionmaterials ,thepreparationmethodofspecialphysicalpropertyREcompoundneedstobedeveloped .Yttriumoxide ,especiallywithlargesur faceareaisaREOandwidelyusedintheabovefield .Industrially ,yttriumoxideusuallywaspreparedbythermaldecompositionofyttriumoxalateat 80 0～10 0 0℃for 2h .Itssurfaceareaisonly 2～ 4m2 ·…     

Synthesis of Spherical （Y, Gd） BO3 ： Eu^3＋ Phosphor Using W/O Emulsion System

Spherical （Y, Gd）BO3：Eu^3＋ phosphor particles with a narrow size distribution（2 -4 μm） was obtained by firing the Y-Gd-Eu-BO3 precursor prepared in a W/O style emulsion system. In the W/O emulsion system, kerosene, used as oil phase, was mixed with Span 80 and Tween 80 compounds which were employed as the emulsifier with an HLB （hydrophile-lipophile balance） value of 5.2- 5.3. Both rare earths （Y, Gd and Eu） nitrate and boric acid solution or ammonia solution were used as aqueous phase. The synthesis conditions, such as emulsion composition, emulsifying style, precipitation reaction process, reaction temperature, morphology control, and so on, were investigated, and the optimum synthesis conditions for preparing spherical （Y, Gd）BO3：Eu^3＋ phosphor was obtained. The phosphor was characterized by XRD, SEM, laser particle size analysis, emission and excitation spectrum under vacuum ultraviolet （VUV）, and so on. The phosphor synthesized using the water-in-oil emulsion method with median diameter （D50） of 2 - 4 μm shows agreeable photoluminescence （PL） property and sphericity. The main emission peak appears at about 593 nm, which corresponds to ^5D0→^7F1 transition （magnetic-dipole transition） of the Eu^3＋ ion. The cell parameters and powder diffraction data were indexed. The structure of the phosphor belongs to the hexagonal system with space group P63/m.     

Preparation of High-Surface Area Nano-CeO2 by Template-Assisted Precipitation Method

The high-surface area nano-CeO2 was prepared by Ce（NO3）3 by precipitation method, with surfactant cetyhrimethyl ammonium bromide （CTAB） as templating agent. The effects of the precipitating agents, reaction temperature, ageing time, and calcination temperature on the surface area, as well as the pore structure and the mean crystallite size of nano-CeO2 were studied. It was found that the reaction of Ce（NO3）3 with NaOH in the presence of CTAB at 90℃ for 12 h yieldsed a cerium oxide/surfaetant mixture, which after calcination at 400℃ resulted in high-surface area nano-CeO2. The mean crystallite size of CeO2 was approximately 6 nm, surface area was in excess of 200 m^2· g ^- 1, pore size was approximately 9 nm, and the pore distribution was concentrative. Moreover, the surface area can still reach 147 m^2·g^- 1 after calcination at 700 ℃, which showed the good thermal stability of the CeO2. The number of oxygen vacancies in the structure of CeO2 corresponded with the surface area of CeO2, and the high surface area was propitious to the formalion of oxygen vacancies.     

稀土Y、Ce对钼合金力学性能的影响

实验以MoO2和Ce(NO3)3.6H2O、Y(NO3)3.6H2O为原料,通过固-液掺杂、还原、烧结、拉伸制备钼合金丝。通过XRD、扫描电镜以及力学性能试验,研究了稀土元素Y、Ce在粉末及钼合金中的存在形式以及对钼合金力学性能的影响。结果表明:Y、Ce元素分别以CeO2和Y2O3形式存在于钼粉中,Y对钼粉颗粒长大的抑制效果高于Ce;钼合金中,稀土Y和Ce作用不同,Y抑制晶粒的长大,延迟烧结;而Ce促进烧结,使烧结完全致密化;钼合金丝中,CeO2质点以纤维状存在,有利于提高钼丝的塑性,而Y2O3质点以球状颗粒存在,钼合金丝的室温和高温抗拉强度较高。Y、Ce的共同作用,MYCe合金丝综合力学性能好。     

粉末松装烧结工艺对多孔铝棒组织、性能以及卷烟降温效果的影响

采用粉末松装烧结方法在不同烧结温度下制备多孔纯铝棒,研究粉末平均粒度与烧结温度对多孔纯铝棒的相对密度、硬度及显微组织的影响,并研究该铝棒对卷烟的降温效果。结果表明:纯铝棒材的相对密度和显微硬度随粉末的平均粒度增大呈先增大后略有减小再继续增大的趋势。在粉末平均粒度为48μm、烧结温度为600℃以及保温时间为2 h的条件下,烧结态纯铝棒的相对密度达到61.7%,维氏硬度达到33.89。相对密度和显微硬度随烧结温度的升高而增大。将松装烧结的纯铝棒材应用于卷烟,制成复合卷烟,可使卷烟燃烧锥中心的最高温度降低超过100℃,而且滤嘴温度升高并不明显。     

共沉淀法制备稀土石榴石Ln3Al5O12(Ln=Y, Ce, Yb)

以Y2O3、Yb2O3、Al(NO3)3.9H2O和Ce(NO3)3.6H2O为原料,NH4HCO3、NH3.H2O做复合沉淀剂,用共沉淀法制备纳米稀土石榴石Ln3Al5O12(LnAG,Ln=Y,Ce,Yb)粉体。用TG/DTA、XRD、SEM、TEM等手段对LnAG前驱体及煅烧后的粉体进行表征。结果表明,用上述方法在1 000℃煅烧3h可得到分散性好、形状规则且粒径为50nm左右的Y3Al5O12、Yb3Al5O12、Y2.9Ce0.1Al5O12石榴石粉体,但不能得到Ce3Al5O12石榴石,合成石榴石粉体的最佳煅烧温度为1 050℃以上。     

稀土草酸盐的溶解度与稀土氧化物粒度之间的关系及粒度控制

通过稀土草酸盐溶液度与粒度的关系。探索控制稀土氧化物粒度的途径。实验测定了几种稀土草酸盐在草酸沉淀母液中的溶解度，并对不同草酸沉淀条件下获得的单一稀土氧化物的粒度进行比较。得到了其氧化物粒度与草酸盐溶解度之间的关系，通过对Y2O3，Eu2O3,Gd2O3,Dy2O3的粒度数据进行分析对照，提出了控制其粒度的途径。     

液相法制备碳酸钴及其结构表征

以工业生产氯化钴溶液为钴源,碳酸氢铵为沉淀剂,采用液相法制备碳酸钴。系统研究了沉淀过程碳酸氢铵用量、碳酸氢铵浓度、保温时间、陈化时间和反应温度对母液钴浓度和钴沉淀率的影响,得到优化沉淀工艺条件:碳酸氢铵单耗3.173g/g、碳酸氢铵浓度250g/L、保温时间10min、陈化时间30min、反应温度33℃,在优化条件下,母液钴浓度为0.045g/L,钴沉淀率达99.92%。碳酸钴粒度分布均匀且范围窄,D50=1.428-1.488μm,形貌为小颗粒球形团聚体,物相纯度高。