建筑结构强震观测系统概述

指出建筑结构的强震反应观测是地震动观测的一个重要方面,对建筑结构强震反应观测系统布设的目的进行了简要论述,并就观测系统的构成及测点布设原则作了详细介绍,以提高建筑结构的抗震设计水平。     

建筑结构地震观测系统简介

指出建筑结构的地震反应观测是强震动观测的一个重要方面,对建筑结构地震反应观测系统布设的目的进行了简要论述,并就观测系统的构成及测点布设原则作了详细介绍,从而提高建筑结构抗震设计水平,最大限度地减轻地震损失.     

基于强震记录的统计分析及非定常反应谱研究

强震观测是地震工程学的基础。在汶川地震中,全国的强震观测台站记录下了许多的强震记录,给强震记录分析提供了很好的数据基础。地震反应谱理论是对加速度记录特性进行深入研究分析后而取得的一个重要成果,是结构抗震分析的主要方法。然而传统反应谱理论中结构地震反应最大值仅仅是周期的函数,没有考虑持时要素对反应谱的影响。鉴于此,提出非定常反应谱的概念,它是在常规反应谱的基础之上引入时间因素,将地震动分段来研究,充分表现出反应谱的时变特性。最后以汶川地震强震记录为背景提出两种方法研究持时要素对反应谱的影响。     

隔震结构的强震观测及数值响应分析效果

将隔震结构的强震观测基于结构类型和隔震层类型进行分类,介绍了近几年国外隔震结构的强震观测结果,确认了隔震结构较传统结构具有更加优越的抗震效果.同时还统计了隔震结构数值分析的模型,给出了数值分析解析与强震观测实测的比较结果,对现有隔震结构的理论分析手段进行了评价.     

基于强震记录的结构动力特性识别

通过对结构瞬时频率的分析可以诊断出结构的振动过程和损伤发展规律。本文采用HHT法分析了喜来登环球旅馆于1994年北岭地震中获得的强地震反应观测记录,分析结果表明：对结构强震记录这种强非平稳信号,HHT方法能较好的识别结构的动力特性;分析结构振动中瞬时频率的时变特点,可以直观地掌握强震作用下结构的振动过程和损伤发展规律。     

强震记录仪器误差校正的连锁公式法

一、前言强震观测是地震工程学赖以产生和发展的试验基础,强震观测数据处理得到的强震记录,则是工程抗震研究与应用的基本数据。强震仪工作的机械运动原理,一般可用线性单自由度受迫振动系统来表述,该系统的运动微分方程为     

高层医疗建筑管线的优化布设探究

高层医疗建筑是系统且复杂的建筑综合体,它的管线结构非常复杂,为全面提升优化管线布局的整体成效,应该依托高效的方式,科学且精准地开展管线空间优化布设工作。基于此,本文重点分析了高层医疗建筑管线的优化布设。     

大地震地震动破坏效应研究

本文基于2008年5月12日汶川Ms8.0级地震的近断层48组加速度强震观测记录,推导了所在地区的强地震动特性及其空间分布,通过高密度的观测数据直接得到具有建筑结构倒塌率数据的20个不同地区的强地震动特性参数。归纳了汶川地震的建筑倒塌率与地震动参数之间的易损性关系法则,提出了一种有效评估结构损伤等级的方法。针对地震前及其震后修订的《建筑抗震设计规范》规定的抗震设防标准,比较分析了研究地区的结构倒塌率变化情况,假设按照提高后的基本加速度指标设防,该20个研究地区的结构预测倒塌率都呈现显著降低。     

建筑结构强震动监控平台设计及应用

引言建筑结构地震反应观测记录是抗震设计、震害评估、健康诊断、震后加固与重建、地震报警、烈度速报等多项相关研究的基础资料。随着网络技术飞速发展,建筑结构地震反应观测台阵朝着智能化、多功能化、精细化方向发展。例如,迪拜世贸中心结构整体安全监测系统和快速评估系统可通过台阵的实时监控获取建筑物在遭遇破坏性地震后的实际损失情况、健康状况,并提供可视化报道.     

滨州某商务大厦沉降监测与研究

研究了对滨州某商务大厦沉降观测的点位布设和观测方法,对观测数据进行了“时间-荷载-沉降量”关系分析处理,揭示了该建筑不同位置的沉降规律,并对沉降监测提出了几点建议。     

云南地区村镇建筑的抗震设防对策研究

地震灾害表明,房屋建筑破坏是村镇生命财产损失的主要原因。本文通过对村镇常见的几种结构类型进行震害分析,找出云南地区村镇建筑在抗震设防中存在的一些问题,并就此提出了云南地区村镇建筑的抗震管理体系及抗震设防对策。     

Seismic performance evaluation of reinforced concrete hilly buildings under sequence of earthquakes

The present study investigates the effect of earthquake sequences on the response of reinforced concrete hilly buildings having typical configurations, that is, stepback and split-foundation, with three different story ratios. A set of 30 as-recorded mainshock-aftershock sequence of earthquake ground motions is considered for this study. Mainshock acceleration time histories are scaled at two distinct intensity levels to obtain the mainshock-damaged building. These mainshock-damaged hilly buildings are then subjected to aftershocks. A comparative study is performed for various response quantities, such as peak interstory drift ratio, peak floor acceleration, and peak roof displacement of undamaged and mainshock-damaged buildings under aftershocks. Further, fragility analysis is carried out to study the effect of aftershocks on undamaged and mainshock-damaged hilly buildings. Subsequently, component-wise seismic loss estimation due to damage in the non-structural and structural components is performed. It is concluded from the study that the building components that contribute maximum to the expected repair cost ratio vary with respect to the intensity of the aftershocks. Also, the estimated seismic loss is higher in mainshock-damaged split-foundation buildings in comparison to stepback buildings.     

中国大陆建筑物地震灾害风险分布研究

宏观掌握我国建筑物分布和抗震能力现状,震前对政府指导建设规划、建筑物抗震加固和民众提高防灾意识,震时指挥地震应急、损失评估等工作有重要指导意义。该文在对我国各地区建筑物抗震能力开展大量抽样调查的基础上,研究经济、土地利用、设防情况、人口密度和行政区划属性等因素与区域建筑物抗震能力的相关性,建立中国大陆区域建筑物抗震能力综合分区分类方法;利用实际地震震害资料、震害预测资料及建筑物群体震害预测方法,建立不同地区各种结构类型的建筑物地震易损性矩阵;结合不同区域内所具有的各类建筑物存量,基于GIS软件平台,计算并绘制在基本设防烈度地震作用下中国大陆地震灾害风险损失分布图。文中提出一套评估区域建筑物地震灾害风险损失较为完整的思路和方法,可为生命线地震灾害风险损失和人员伤亡分布等研究提供借鉴。     

Evaluation of behavior factor of tunnel‐form concrete building structures using Applied Technology Council 63 methodology

Tunnel‐form construction system is used for buildings made up of slabs and walls. This system has represented fast construction technique, low cost and time saving in the construction period. However, there are no special requirements for seismic design of this type of buildings, and some provisions of the concrete bearing wall system are used. None of the seismic codes addresses the R factor for tunnel‐form buildings directly, and some doubts remained about prediction of the fundamental period. Meanwhile the force‐based methods, which depended on R factor and fundamental period, are still used for seismic design of this type of buildings. There is a need for evaluating the R factor for tunnel‐form buildings. The methodology was developed by the Applied Technology Council (ATC) entitled ATC‐63 Project for quantifying building system performance and response parameters for use in seismic design. Here, this methodology is used to estimate more reliable R factor for tunnel‐form buildings. An experimental program was carried out to decrease the uncertainty of finite element modeling and using it as a part of the methodology. A database was created, and some analyses were performed. The results of analysis were summarized to propose more accurate R factor for tunnel‐form buildings. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

我国高度250 m以上超高层建筑结构现状与分析进展

我国250 m以上超高层建筑数量日益增加，超高层建筑由长三角、珠三角地区逐渐向全国其他区域扩展，其中环渤海地区以及部分二线城市中超高层建筑发展迅速。对不同高度的超高层建筑，其常用的结构体系为：框架-核心筒、框筒-核心筒、巨型框架-核心筒和巨型框架-核心筒-巨型支撑结构。分析表明：随着结构高度的增加，巨型框架和巨型支撑应用较多，混合结构在超高层建筑结构中广泛应用。通过实际工程造价分析，研究了建筑高度、抗震设防烈度、结构材料对超高层建筑工程造价的影响。分别从超高层建筑形态空气动力学优化和长周期响应方面，阐明了超高层建筑结构分析、设计中的关键问题。采用黏滞阻尼器可有效降低超高层建筑结构地震响应，对黏滞阻尼器在实际超高层建筑中的应用现状及发展前景进行了简要介绍。     

Effect of vertical structural irregularity on seismic design of tall buildings

Many tall buildings are practically irregular as an entirely regular high‐rise building rarely exists. This study is thus devoted to assessing the approach and coefficients used in the seismic design of real‐life tall buildings with different vertical irregularity features. Five 50‐story buildings are selected and designed using finite element models and international building codes to represent the most common vertical irregularities of reinforced concrete tall buildings in regions of medium seismicity. Detailed fiber‐based simulation models are developed to assess the seismic response of the five benchmark buildings under the effect of 40 earthquake records representing far‐field and near‐source seismic scenarios. The results obtained from a large number of inelastic pushover and incremental dynamic analyses provide insights into the local and global seismic response of the reference structures and confirm the inferior local response of tall buildings with severe vertical irregularities. Due to the significant impacts of the severe irregularity types on the seismic response of tall buildings, the conservative code approach and coefficients are recommended for design. It is also concluded that although the design coefficients of buildings with moderate irregularities are adequately conservative, they can be revised to arrive at more consistent safety margins and cost‐effective designs.     

《建筑抗震鉴定标准》GB50023修订介绍

汶川地震后,《建筑抗震鉴定标准》GB50023及时进行了修订,并于2009年7月1日正式实施。本文对新版鉴定标准的主要修订内容进行了介绍,包括现有建筑抗震设防水准的规定,现有建筑后续使用年限的概念及确定方法,不同后续使用年限建筑的抗震鉴定方法,以及重点设防类建筑的抗震鉴定要求等。     

Assessment of inelastic response of buildings using force‐ and displacement‐based approaches

In recognition of the increasing importance of accurate seismic vulnerability assessment, this paper deals with procedures and the application of inelastic acceleration and displacement spectra in the seismic assessment of buildings. An identification procedure is outlined, whereby an equivalent single degree of freedom (SDOF) system is devised to represent the building. The SDOF system characteristics (stiffness, strength, post‐peak force response and ductility) are readily evaluated from observation of the seismic response of buildings and simple mechanics. The characteristics are then tuned using measurements from instrumented buildings. Based on the earthquake scenario and structural response characteristics, appropriate inelastic acceleration and displacement spectra are selected and used to ‘predict’ the response. Comparison between the measured and predicted responses for the five buildings studied in the paper confirm the feasibility of the procedure and the realism of the results. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

林甸县农村砌体房屋抗震性能调查与分析

为了提高农村地区砌体房屋的抗震性能,进而提高农村地区抵御地震灾害的能力,通过对林甸县农村地区砌体房屋抗震性能的现场调查和典型房屋有限元分析,总结了该地区砌体结构房屋普遍存在的问题。结果表明:大多数房屋缺少抗震构造措施,容易造成局部破坏,其中山尖墙与屋盖之间的连接和纵横墙之间的连接以及墙角处是抗震的薄弱部位;提出的改善抗震性能的措施为农村砌体房屋建设提供了参考。     

大型公共建筑非结构构件抗震性能及#br# 韧性提升研究综述

大型公共建筑既是保障震后救灾及城市系统功能恢复的基础设施系统,又是地震灾害的重要承灾体。地震一旦发生,大型公共建筑中非结构构件会造成严重的地震灾害,影响建筑的使用功能、造成巨大的经济损失,甚至给人员疏散和安置带来潜在威胁。文章从理论分析、数值模拟及试验研究等3个方面系统总结非结构构件抗震性能分析方法的研究进展。以吊顶、幕墙及电梯为例阐述非结构构件的地震响应及破坏特征。探讨大型公共建筑中非结构构件抗震性能研究的新思路：结合材料科学、控制科学及交叉学科的发展,不断创新非结构构件的抗震性能分析方法;结合大数据和人工智能技术形成非结构构件震害评价方法和智能识别技术,为非结构构件的抗震韧性评估提供依据;发展非结构构件地震韧性提升技术,为大型公共建筑的安全运行提供技术保障。