Effect of filler types and asphalt penetration grade on properties of asphalt mastic

Abstract

In order to investigate properties of asphalt mastic containing limestone, pumice and natural zeolite fillers with three penetration grades of asphalt (50/70, 70/100, 100/150) experiments were performed in this study. For this aim, temperature sensitivity and softening point tests were conducted to mastics. The results indicated that the, zeolite has better high-temperature properties and limestone has better low-temperature properties. The results also analyzed by ANOVA statistically using SPSS software, which showed significantly affect the related properties of asphalt mastics.     

东营凹陷古近系原油物性及其影响因素

以原油物性资料和地质背景分析为基础，将东营凹陷的原油划分为超重油、重质油、中质油和轻质油4种类型。平面上，相同层系的原油性质呈规律性变化，从生油洼陷中心向边缘呈环带状逐渐变差；复杂断块区的原油性质变化复杂。分析认为，东营凹陷原油物性分布规律是多种因素共同作用的结果，其中油气运移、氧化作用、生物降解以及油源差异等对该区原油性质的环带状分布起主要作用；而油藏保存条件、重力分异作用和油田开发等则是导致东营凹陷局部地区物性变化复杂的主要影响因素。     

Characteristics of fluid substitution in porous rocks

Analysis of the effect of changes in fluid properties of rocks on the compressional-wave velocity VP and shear-wave velocity Vs is very important for understanding the rock physical properties, especially in oilfield exploration and development. The fluid substitution process was analyzed by using ultrasonic measurement and theoretical calculations. The results showed that the effect of fluid substitution on the rock elastic modulus was mainly controlled by fluid properties, saturation, and confining pressure. For a rock with specific properties and porosity, the result of theoretical prediction for fluid substitution accorded with the experimental result under high confining pressure （higher than 60 MPa for our experimental data）, but failed to describe the trend of experimental result under low confining pressure and VP predicted by Gassmann＇s equation was higher than that measured by experiment. A higher porosity resulted in stronger sensitivity of the bulk modulus of saturated rocks to the change of fluid properties.     

Correlation of the adhesive properties of petroleum paving asphalts and high-melting paraffin content

The effect of the high-melting paraffin content in petroleum paving asphalts on their adhesive properties was analyzed. The paraffin content was varied by adding petrolatum – high-melting paraffin concentrate, the closest in structure to asphalt paraffins (confirmed by IR spectroscopy) – to the asphalts. The adhesive properties of the asphalt binder were evaluated with the contact angle of wetting on glass and polished marble plates and according to GOST 11508–74. It was shown that a contentunder 5% virtually does not worsen its adhesive properties.     

A New Approach to Calculate the Mud Density for Wellbore Stability Using the Asymptotic Homogenization Theory

Abstract

This study addresses mud density prediction as part of wellbore stability analyses considering effective rock properties and using friction and elastic theories to determine the deviator stress at failure. The effective rock properties for different sandstone porosities were obtained through the theory of asymptotic homogenization, and the wall vicinity stresses at the borehole wall were estimated considering friction and elastic theories. The use of the method of asymptotic homogenization (MHA) allows obtaining effective rock mechanical properties varying in porosity and saturation conditions.     

阿尔金山前东段牛东地区侏罗系成岩作用及其对储层物性的影响

利用岩心、岩石薄片、扫描电镜及物性分析等资料,对柴达木盆地北缘阿尔金山前东段牛东地区侏 罗系储层特征进行了研究,并对储层发育的控制因素进行了分析。 结果表明：牛东地区侏罗系碎屑岩储 层岩石类型主要为长石岩屑砂岩和岩屑长石砂岩,储集空间主要为原生粒间孔、溶蚀孔及裂缝,其中溶 蚀孔是改善储层物性的关键因素;成岩作用对牛东地区侏罗系储层物性影响较大,压实作用和胶结作用 导致储层孔隙损失明显,使储层物性变差,而溶蚀作用和破裂作用有效地改善了储层物性,控制了相对 有利储层的发育。     

Aminomethylated derivatives of 2-propenyl- and 4-isopropenylphenols as antimicrobial additives for petroleum products

A number of aminomethylated derivatives of 2-propenyl-, 4-isopropenylphenols have been synthesized and their antimicrobial properties have been studied in M-12 engine oil and TS-1 jet fuel (at concentrations of 1–2% and 0.3–0.5%, respectively). They have been found to possess bactericidal and fungicidal properties and significantly improve the antimicrobial properties of both of the materials (as compared to the well-known antimicrobial additive, 8-hydroxyquinoline). The presence of an alkenyl substituent along with an aminomethyl group in the structure of the substances in question has been demonstrated to enhance the antimicrobial properties. The formation of an intermolecular and intramolecular hydrogen bond in the initial and synthesized phenolic compounds has been studied.     

Characterization of Physico-Chemical Properties of Oil/Water Systems: Interfacial Behavior Prediction

Abstract

The tractability of petroleum is intimately related to the type of emulsion that is formed during its production. The characteristics of water/oil and oil/water emulsions depend on some factors such as the density and the composition of the oil. In this work, the properties of oils coming from the Campos Basin, Brazil, were evaluated by means of water-in-oil emulsion physico-chemical, interfacial, and characterization tests. Such properties have been correlated with the tractability of the petroleum in order to establish a behavior prediction method based on the properties of such petroleum. The main tool used in this work was the chemiometry technique. Through this method, it was possible to conclude that density, viscosity, surface tension, and nickel content were the properties that influenced the separation of the oils. Density, pour point, initial temperature of crystal formation (TIAC), characterization factor, and nitrogen content were the properties that influenced the diameter of the emulsion drops.     

Preparation of an SBS Latex–Modified Bitumen Emulsion and Performance Assessment

Abstract

For resolving the contradiction of the stability between styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS)-modified bitumen emulsion and the concentration of SBS, a method of preparing SBS latex is provided in this article. Results showed that SBS latex had good stability properties and performance. The effect of emulsifier concentration on the storage stability showed that the maximum stability of SBS latex–modified bitumen emulsion (SBS-LMBE) was obtained at emulsifier weight concentration 1.0% and addition of SBS latex to bitumen emulsion enhanced the difficulty of emulsification. The effects of SBS latex on bitumen properties showed the penetration decreased, whereas the softening point and ductility at 5°C increased, which means that SBS latex plays a role in improving the properties of bitumen. Compared to the base bitumen, saturate and aromatic of evaporation residue of SBS-LMBE decreased. However, resin and asphaltene increased. Analysis of the relationship between the components and properties of bitumen showed that the components change caused by SBS latex was beneficial to the properties of bitumen. The colloidal index (CI) showed that SBS latex also made the colloidal system more stable.     

Rheological properties of graphene/tourmaline composite modified asphalt

Abstract

The purpose is to improve performance of asphalt by synergistic enhancement of graphene and tourmaline. Graphene/tourmaline composite modified asphalt was prepared. The basic properties and rheological properties of graphene/tourmaline composite modified asphalt were analyzed systematically. The results indicate that the basic viscoelastic properties of asphalt were not destroyed after graphene/tourmaline composites added into asphalt. The rutting resistance of graphene/tourmaline composite modified asphalt was superior than tourmaline. And the larger the composite material content, the superior the rutting resistance of modified asphalt. The rutting resistance was increased by 10.12%.     

Effect of nitogen-containing phenol oligomers on the viscosity-temperature properties of base motor oil

The effect of nitrogen-containing phenol oligomers on the viscosity-temperature properties of base motor oil is studied. It is found that the products of oxypropylation of phenol and monoalkylphenols (alkyl chain length – C₈-C₁₂) in the presence of benzoguanamine, as well as oxypropylated benzoguanamine have a positive effect on these properties. It is also found and scientifically validated that the viscosity –temperature properties of base-oil compositions are affected by the concentration, component composition, and thickening power of oligomers in oil.     

The effects of additives on anti-wear properties of lubricating grease formulated from waste engine oil

The goal of this study was to study the anti-wear properties of grease formulated from waste engine oil (WEO) when additives are added. There were two types of grease formulated namely sodium and fumed silica (FS) greases. The greases were formulated using a weight percentage ratio with and without the addition of additives before the attributes of consistency, FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), and anti-wear analysis were conducted. Results showed that the addition of additives did not affect the properties of the formulated grease except for that of sodium grease as demonstrated by the FTIR result. Sodium grease produced a spectrum with a peak in the region < 600 cm^?1 when analyzed using FTIR. The corrosiveness of the grease toward the copper strip was also low, as determined by class 1 corrosiveness. The addition of additives resulted in no improvement in the anti-wear properties of the grease as the coefficient of friction (COF) was low for the grease without additives than for the grease with additives. However, the addition of additives can reduce the wear scar diameter of the greases. Based on the findings of this investigation, it was found that the addition of additives did not alter the properties of the greases or improve the anti-wear properties of the greases except for the wear scar diameter.     

Isolating lactic starter cultures with antimicrobial activity for sourdough processes

The main purpose of this study was to obtain antimicrobial starter cultures for sourdough processes. For this purpose, 60 sourdough samples were collected from different bakery plants in Uşak. The chemical and microbiological properties of these samples were analyzed. Lactic acid bacteria strains having antimicrobial activity were isolated and identified. The metabolic properties (total amount of acids, organic acids and diacetyl produced and the properties of proteolytic and amylolytic enzymes activity) of the selected strains were determined. The strains with best potential as sourdough starters were L. brevis ssp. lindneri 2103, L. viridenscens 241, 242, Pediococcus sp. E5 and L. delbrueckii F5.     

Tribological properties of extracts from selective treatment of oildistillates

The results of a study of the tribological properties of extracts – by-products of selective treatment of different oil distillates – and their effect on the same properties of greases prepared from these extracts are reported. Due to the high content of aromatic polycyclic and heterocyclic compounds, as well as resins and asphaltenes, which are natural antiwear components, the greases made from the extracts have performance properties equal to those of plastic greases made from classic oil mixtures, and their production is economically more advantageous.     

Pore microgeometry analysis in low-resistivity sandstone reservoirs

The objective of this work is to analyse the pore microgeometry and its effect on petrophysical properties in six low-resistivity sandstone reservoirs by combining a 2D quantitative petrographic image analysis (PIA) and 3D petrophysical tools. The classic petrophysical tools enable the measurement of different classic reservoir properties such as specific surface area, average pore diameter, pore size distribution, macroporosity and microporosity, capillary pressure versus saturation, pore chamber–pore throat diameter ratio, electrical properties and permeability. The petrographic image analysis quantifies pore microgeometry in more than four orders of magnitude, from submicron to millimeter scale. Chloritic low-resistivity sandstones show dual porosity structure defined as chloritic texture. The pore microgeometrical parameters measured by petrographic image analysis allow one to model different reservoir properties such as capillary pressure, permeability and electrical behaviour. The results obtained in these models show that pore microgeometry plays an important role in the physical properties of low-resistivity sandstone reservoirs.     

Effect of process parameters on the high temperature performance and reaction mechanism of CRMA

Abstract

The objective of this study was to investigate the rheological properties and modification mechanism of crumb rubber modified asphalt (CRMA) with different reaction parameters. The test results indicate that the high reaction temperature can increase the rutting resistance but decreases the temperature stability of CRMA. At low reaction temperature, there is mainly swelling reaction in CRMA. However, the rubber particles begin to degrade in high temperature condition. The results can be confirmed by Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and LMS tests. The LMS was well correlated with the rheological properties. The LMS may provide a simple means to determine the mechanical properties of binders.     

The Effect of Sodium and Organic Montmorillonites on the Thermal Aging Properties of Bitumen

Effect of sodium and organic montmorillonites on the thermal aging properties of bitumen was investigated by thin-film oven test and pressure-aging vessel test. The microstructures of montmorillonite and the binders were characterized by X-ray diffraction. The results show that the sodium montmorillonite (Na⁺-Mt) modified bitumen forms a phase-separated structure, while the organic montmorillonite (OMt) modified bitumen forms an intercalated structure. The thermal aging properties of bitumen are improved obviously with the introduction of montmorillonite. Compared with Na⁺-Mt, the changes of physical properties of bitumen are further decreased by OMt, indicating the good aging resistance of intercalated OMt modified bitumen.     

Computational Fluid Dynamics Study for Flow of Natural Gas through High-pressure Supersonic Nozzles: Part 1. Real Gas Effects and Shockwave

Abstract

The computational fluid dynamics technique was used to study the behavior of high-pressure natural gas in supersonic nozzles. Although many applications of gas flow produce insignificant errors when the gas is assumed ideal, our results indicate significant variation of gas properties. This article illustrates natural gas behavior when it is considered to be real and how erroneous the properties may become when the gas is assumed to be ideal. The article also presents the influences of properties related to the flow of natural gas through supersonic nozzles. Using a quite accurate equation of state model, real gas effects are studied and compared with the perfect gas case. The results show a significant variation in gas properties estimation. Location of shockwave is also analyzed. The comparison of results for two gases (methane and nitrogen) indicated that shockwave position can significantly change when the gas is considered as real rather than perfect.     

Sensitivity and performance properties of tex explosives

Abstract

Some sensitivity and performance properties of TEX were studied experimentally and theoretically. The TEX sensitivity to electrostatic spark was determined and tests for transportation were performed. The detonation properties, like the critical diameter, detonation pressure and Gurney energy were determined. Moreover, the detonation velocities of TEX-based cast explosives were compared with those of similar NTO-based ones.     

SA516-C70钢的焊接工艺试验

茂名石化工程公司承建的聚丙烯环管反应器,其主体材料选用美国ASME标准SA672C70-CL22<中温高压用电熔化焊钢管>,该钢管是由美国ASTM标准SA516-C70<中低温压力容器用碳钢板>焊接而成,为制定合理的焊接工艺,保证焊接接头的质量及设备运行的稳定性,文章对SA516-C70钢的焊接性能包括焊接冷裂纹敏感性、返修、热处理、低温韧性等进行了系统、全面的试验研究.研究结果表明,该钢种具有优良的焊接性能和接头综合性能,焊接参数对其低温性能有着重要影响.