共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
2.
为了利用鲢鱼鱼鳞生产胶原蛋白,采用生物酶解技术制备胶原蛋白抗氧化活性肽,可以提高水产品加工附加值且更好地保护环境。本文综述了鲢鱼鱼鳞胶原蛋白抗氧化活性肽的不同制备方式(包括固相化学合成法、液相化学合成法、酶水解法、DNA重组法等)和分离纯化方法(包括超滤法、离子交换色谱法、凝胶色谱法、反相高效液相色谱法等),并对其结构鉴定方式(包括质谱分析、连续流快原子轰击质谱、电喷雾离子化质谱、基质辅助激光解析等)做了阐述,以期为鲢鱼鱼鳞胶原蛋白抗氧化活性肽的进一步开发利用提供理论依据。 相似文献
3.
4.
5.
为解决水产品开发利用过程中综合利用化程度低的问题,提高我国水产品尤其是鱼类加工过程的经济附加值,本文结合当前国内外对鱼类胶原蛋白的研究开发报道,旨在为鱼类胶原蛋白的开发及应用提供科学依据。文章概述了鱼胶原的分布、类型以及提取方法,介绍了鱼胶原蛋白的组成与结构,着重突出了其与陆源哺乳动物胶原蛋白的差异性;其次通过对鱼胶原蛋白作为过敏原的安全性的系统阐述,明确指出了鱼胶原蛋白下一步的研究方向;最后本文对鱼胶原蛋白在食品、生物医学、美容化妆品等领域的应用进行了综述。 相似文献
6.
7.
以草鱼鱼鳞为原材料,探讨其胶原蛋白酸-酶组合提取工艺,并进一步研究相应抗氧化活性肽和血管紧张素转换酶抑制(ACEI)活性肽的制备方法。结果表明,草鱼鱼鳞胶原蛋白提取的最优工艺为:乙酸浓度0.3 mol/L、乙酸提取固液比1∶15(g/m L)条件下低温下提取24 h;离心后剩余残渣再按1∶10(g/m L)的比例浸入浓度为2%的胃蛋白酶溶液中低温下提取48 h;在该条件下鱼鳞胶原蛋白提取得率可达49.58%。以草鱼胶原蛋白粗提液为原料,制备抗氧化活性肽的最优工艺为:控制胶原蛋白浓度12.5 mg/m L,按10∶1(体积比)的比例加入浓度为4%的木瓜蛋白酶,60℃下酶解75 min,所得酶解液对ABTS~+自由基的抑制率可达45.7%;制备ACEI活性肽的最优工艺为:控制胶原蛋白浓度20 mg/m L,pH值调节为4.0,每10 m L加入6 000 U的酸性蛋白酶,37℃酶解3 h,所得酶解液对血管紧张素转换酶(ACE)的抑制活性可达98.8%。本研究结果,有望为水产品加工副产物的资源化利用提供参考。 相似文献
8.
研究了大鲵皮胶原蛋白肽结构特性及其对乙醇诱导肝损伤小鼠的保护作用。大鲵皮经胃蛋白酶水解制备胶原蛋白,经木瓜蛋白酶水解制备大鲵皮胶原蛋白肽。紫外光谱及红外光谱结果表明,大鲵皮胶原蛋白肽具有胶原蛋白的三股螺旋结构。SDS-PAGE结果表明大鲵皮胶原蛋白肽分子量低于55ku。大鲵皮胶原蛋白肽低(50mg/(kg·d))、高(150mg/(kg·d))剂量组可显著抑制小鼠乙醇诱导产生的血清中AST、ALT活性的升高,显著抑制肝组织MDA含量升高,并且抑制肝组织中SOD活性的下降。组织病理表明,乙醇诱导肝损伤模型组小鼠肝细胞明显肿胀变形,肝细胞索紊乱,伴有炎症细胞侵润,大鲵皮胶原蛋白肽各剂量组的肝细胞排列规则、肝细胞索清晰。结果表明,大鲵皮胶原蛋白肽具有保护乙醇诱导小鼠肝损伤的作用。 相似文献
9.
在动物加工过程中会产生大量的副产品和废弃物,这些产品中富含生物活性蛋白质,可以通过化学处理或酶水解等方式转化为具有特殊生理功能的胶原蛋白肽。胶原蛋白具有一定的营养价值,但由于其分子质量较大,难以被人体消化吸收。而胶原蛋白肽分子质量较小,更容易被人体消化吸收,并且发现动物源副产物胶原蛋白肽具有许多特殊的生理功能,因此将胶原蛋白肽作为新型食品原材料成为近些年来的研究热点之一。本文综述动物源副产物胶原蛋白肽制备方式的优缺点,及胶原蛋白肽在人体中的消化吸收,同时介绍胶原蛋白肽在食品加工中的应用,为将来开发胶原蛋白肽新产品提供新思路。 相似文献
10.
本研究以罗非鱼骨胶原蛋白为原料酶解制备具有良好钙螯能力性的活性肽。以钙螯合活性为指标,将罗非鱼骨架经过脱肉、脱钙等前处理获得的罗非鱼骨胶原蛋白通过木瓜蛋白酶酶解制备得到罗非鱼骨胶原蛋白肽,通过单因素及正交试验对制备罗非鱼骨胶原螯合肽的酶解工艺进行优化。同时对最优条件下酶解获得的罗非鱼骨胶原钙螯合肽的分子量及氨基酸组成进行分析。结果表明,最优酶解工艺条件为:酶解时间4.5 h,pH 6.5,酶解温度62℃,酶底比0.6%。罗非鱼骨胶原钙螯合肽是一类小分子功能活性肽。同时通过对比罗非鱼骨胶原钙螯合肽及其钙-肽螯合物氨基酸组成,发现胱氨酸、天冬氨酸、丝氨酸、谷氨酸、甘氨酸、组氨酸和赖氨酸等氨基酸对活性肽的钙螯合能力起到重要作用。 相似文献
11.
12.
13.
14.
了解河南省部分食品中重金属污染的现状。方法 在河南省18个省辖市采集8大类3 657份食品样品,按照国家标准检测食品中铅、镉和汞的含量,检测结果按照GB 2762—2012《食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》进行评价。结果 河南省部分食品中铅含量的平均值为0.34 mg/kg,总体超标率为8.8%(320/3 656),其中粮食、肉类和蔬菜中超标率较高,分别为17.2%(95/552)、14.5%(85/587)和10.7%(57/534);部分食品中镉含量的平均值为0.054 mg/kg,总体超标率为3.9%(143/3 657),其中食用菌和蛋类中超标率较高,分别为9.6%(49/508)和8.1%(42/518);部分食品中汞含量的平均值为0.077 mg/kg,总体超标率为8.3%(303/3 657),其中蔬菜和粮食中超标率较高,分别为25.3%(135/534)和12.3%(68/551)。结论 河南省部分食品中铅、汞污染情况较为严重,其中粮食、蔬菜和肉类食品中污染情况尤为突出,需要加强监管。 相似文献
15.
16.
Objectives
To analyse trends in smoking prevalence in Ukraine from three surveys conducted in 2001–5, and to explore correlates of observed changes, in order to estimate the stage of tobacco epidemic in Ukraine.Design
Repeated national interview surveys in Ukraine in 2001, 2002 and 2005.Main outcome measure
Prevalence of current smoking among the population aged ⩾15 years.Results
The age‐standardised prevalence of current smoking in Ukrainian men was 54.8% in 2001 and 66.8% in 2005. Among Ukrainian women, prevalence increased from 11.5% in 2001 to 20.0% in 2005. ORs for yearly increase in prevalence were estimated as 1.164 (95% CI 1.111 to 1.220) for men and 1.187 (1.124 to 1.253) for women, which implies that, on average, 3–4% of men and 1.5–2% of women living in Ukraine join the smoking population each year.Conclusions
In Ukraine, smoking prevalence is increasing in most population groups. Among men, the medium deprivation group with secondary education has the highest smoking prevalence. Among women, while the most educated, young and those living in larger cities are the leading group for tobacco use, other groups are also increasing their tobacco use. Tobacco promotion efforts appear to have been significantly more effective in Ukraine than smoking control efforts. The decrease in real cigarette prices in Ukraine in 2001–5 could be the main factor explaining the recent growth in smoking prevalence.Ukraine is a large eastern European country with high smoking prevalence. Tobacco products are widely available at very low prices, and the transnational tobacco industry is extremely successful in promoting its products and lobbying for its interests in the legislative field. Advocacy of tobacco control has only recently achieved some success in the legislative field, with the first tobacco control law being adopted in late 2005. Ukraine ratified the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control in 2006, but there is still much cause for concern regarding the enforcement and effectiveness of the adopted legislative measures. Unfortunately, the government is not yet involved in nationwide surveillance of the tobacco problem, and the available data have mostly been gathered with funding from foreign donors. Several attempts have been made to measure the extent of the tobacco epidemic in the countries of the former Soviet Union (FSU).1,2,3,4,5,6,7 Most of these studies have shown rather high smoking prevalence among men (50–70%) and comparatively low prevalence among women (5–20%). Most countries in the FSU have similar smoking rates, while certain trends are shown to be related to the differences in how the transnational tobacco industry succeeds in every national tobacco market.6 Unfortunately, few studies have been published showing trends in smoking prevalence in the FSU.7 In Ukraine, two studies3,4 provided point estimates of smoking prevalence.The aim of this study was to analyse trends in smoking prevalence in Ukraine, on the basis of three surveys conducted in 2001–5, and to explore correlates of observed changes in order to estimate the stage of the tobacco epidemic in Ukraine. 相似文献17.
18.
19.