鞍钢炼铁系统的节能实践

炼铁系统是钢铁工业能耗的第一大户,在工业发达的国家里,钢铁工业耗能所占的比例更大。如日本钢铁工业能耗占全国能耗的17％,炼铁系统占13％,其它国家也大抵如此。 鞍钢近年来吨铁能耗虽有显著下降,但节能潜力还是很大。 1.焦化工序的节能途径     

全国炼铁系统节能学术会议在新余召开

中国金属学会炼铁、冶金能源学术委员会于1984年11月1日至4日在新余钢铁厂召开了《全国炼铁系统节能学术会议》,参加会议的有大专院校、设计研究院所、工矿企业等单位57名代表.会议交流了有关炼铁、烧结、焦化、选矿等方面的节能理论和实践的论文共43篇. 会议对炼铁系统节能技术进行了广泛讨论.代表们一致认为:炼铁系统的能耗占钢铁工业能耗60%,节能工作的好坏将直接影响钢铁工业的发展.因此,全体代表呼吁各级领导应重视炼铁系统节能工作;并在钢铁工业的技术改造中,把炼铁节能放在重要位置.鉴于目前我国冶金热工检测技术落后,生产统计数据不完全,且缺乏及时性、可靠性、准确性,使炼铁     

中国高炉工序能耗现状及节能技术回顾与展望

 资源和能源短缺成为我国钢铁工业发展的主要制约因素之一,而高炉炼铁作为当代主要的炼铁工艺,其能耗在钢铁生产中占有较大比例,必须以降低高炉工序能耗作为我国钢铁工业系统节能的重点。因此,本文着重介绍了高炉工序的主要节能技术,并对高炉工序的新技术进行了展望。     

中国高炉工序能耗现状及节能技术的回顾与展望

资源和能源短缺成为中国钢铁工业发展的主要制约因素之一,而高炉炼铁作为当代主要的炼铁工艺,其能耗在钢铁生产中占有较大比例,因此必须以降低高炉工序能耗作为中国钢铁工业系统节能的重点。着重介绍了高炉工序的主要节能技术,并对高炉工序的新技术进行了展望。     

对武钢炼铁节能途径的探讨

近年来,我国钢铁工业能耗总量波动在5000—7000万吨标准煤/年之间,约占全国总能耗的13—14％。1981年武钢炼铁厂总能耗占公司总能耗的40.8％,是武钢耗能最大的部门。因此,大力降低炼铁能耗,对促进武钢生产具有十分重要的意义。本文就武钢炼铁节能的途径加以讨论。一、国外炼铁工业的能耗概况目前国外炼铁工业能耗占钢铁工业总能耗的44—60％。在日本钢铁企业中,炼铁系统能耗占71.3％,其中炼铁工序占54.3％,烧结工序占10.1％、焦化工序占6.9％。而炼铁系统中,以高炉燃料比的形式所消耗的能源约占85％。近年来由于在世界范围出现能源危机和对钢铁的巨大需求,各国都十分重视钢铁工业的节能问题。1960—1975年,日本使燃料比降低约60％。1970—1978年,世界平均炼铁焦比降低60公斤,其中美国降低45公斤,日本降低49公斤,西德降低73公斤,英国降低39公斤,法国降低134公斤。1978年,     

我国炼铁工业能耗的现状与前景

炼铁工序能耗(包括焦化、烧结、炼铁三个系统)占吨钢能耗50%左右,其中炼铁系统能耗占吨钢能耗38.4%.因此,降低炼铁的能耗对钢铁工业和整个国民经济的节能具有重要意义.现就重点厂高炉能耗的现状与节能前景进行分析研究.一、重点厂高炉能耗的现状鞍钢等15个重点厂高炉1980年炼铁平均的能耗情况见表1.它们的生铁产量分别占     

降低高炉炼铁燃料比的技术措施

钢铁工业节能减排的工作重点是在炼铁系统。因为炼铁系统的能耗占钢铁联合企业总能耗的70％左右。节能减排的工作思路是：首先要抓好减量化用能,体现出节能要从源头抓起;其次是要提高能源利用效率;第三是提高二次能源回收利用水平。降低高炉炼铁燃料比就是体现出企业节能工作是要从源头抓起,对企业的节能工作是有着重大意义。     

冶金期刊文摘

治金 钢铁工业能源结构与节能[刊]／张有礼//中国冶金-2006（10）-1-3 钢铁工业用能结构是以煤为主，炼铁系统能耗占钢铁联合企业总能耗的70％左右，降低能耗。提高二次能源的回收率和能源转换率。对于提升钢铁工业的竞争力有重大意义。。     

鞍钢与国外钢铁企业能耗差距分析及对策

钢铁工业是高能耗工业,各国钢铁企业已把节能作为企业发展和生存的生命线。我国的钢铁工业能耗与国外先进国家比较差距甚远,主要是炼钢炼铁工艺、管理、节能等各环节落后,余热余能的回收利用差。改善的措施:平炉改转炉、降低炼铁焦比的同时降低燃料比、提高高炉富氧喷吹效率、采用新技术降低加热炉能耗,提高小方坯、连铸坯的产量是实现降低各工序能耗的关键。     

我国钢铁工业能耗与大气污染物排放量

分析了钢铁工业的能耗和大气污染物排放量。结果表明：钢铁工业的能耗、污染物排放量远高于工业部门平均水平;在钢铁工业内部,炼铁系统的污染最严重,能耗最高。１９９６年全国重点钢铁企业吨铁净能耗（标煤）为７０４ ｋｇ,其中２９．５ ％ 用于烧结和焦化工序,且在提高原料的理化性能之后,未得到充分回收和利用,是炼铁系统能耗高的一个重要原因。炼铁系统的颗粒物和ＳＯ２ 的排放量分别占钢铁工业总排放量的６８．２ ％和７３．７ ％ ,吨铁颗粒物和ＳＯ２ 的排放量分别为７．４ ｋｇ 和７．７ ｋｇ。但是,末端治理需要大量的投资和维护、运行费用,因此缩短生产流程、采用清洁生产是炼铁生产以至钢铁工业可持续发展的选择。     

Benzimidazole resistance in cyathostomes in horses in the Ukraine

The efficacy of treatment with cambendazole was tested in 1-year-old horses on a farm in Dubrovka, Ukraine. Thirty-five horses were treated. Their egg output was compared on the day of treatment and 14 days later with that of 33 untreated horses. Before treatment the mean number of eggs g-1 faeces was 614 in the controls and 766 in horses that had been treated. After 14 days the mean egg output in the controls was 580 and in the treated horses 369. This means a reduction of 54.5%. Only cyathostome larvae could be cultured from faeces collected after treatment. It can be concluded that benzimidazole resistance in cyathostomes is present in the Ukraine.     

重庆高校推进产学研合作的案例分析

以重庆大学、重庆邮电大学和重庆理工大学为例,剖析重庆高校推进产学研合作的基本模式,已经取得的突出成绩,分析总结其基本经验.从完善政策法规体系、强化经济调控、建立组织机构、加强中介建设及开展国际产学研合作等方面,提出了深入推进重庆高校产学研合作的对策建议.     

Fractures in childhood in Khartoum

A prospective study of fractures in 231 children received at Khartoum North Teaching Hospital(KNTH) was carried out for a period of six months. The incidence of child fracture rated as one per day, then it increased from the age of 5 years onwards in boys and between 6 and 8 years in girls. Most injuries were sustained during the day time, especially between late afternoon and sunset. 82% of injured children presented to a medical facility, while 18% were taken to native healers first. Non-road traffic accidents accounted for 84% of the fractures mainly due to sports, domestic injuries and falls; whereas road traffic accidents were 16% and occurred mainly in pedestrians. Forty three percent of the fractures needed only first aid and splintage while 42% needed closed reduction. Thirty one percent of all patients were treated as inpatients. The long bones were affected in 91% of all fractures, the commonest site being the distal end of the forearm (26%), followed by supracondylar fracture of the humerus (15.6%). In the upper limb, left-sided fractures predominated. The epiphyseal injuries were 3.5% of all fractures, mainly at the distal radial epiphysis. Boys were commonly affected between 13-15 years of age. Open fractures constituted 9.8% of the series and were mainly due to traffic accidents in town dwellers, the most vulnerable bones were those of the leg and foot. Pathological fractures accounted for 2.2% and were due to bone cysts and osteogenesis imperfecta. The problem of child safety and the preventive measures need to be more stressed.     

Apoptosis in experimental myocardial infarction in situ and in the perfused heart in vitro

We report the appearance of apoptotic cells in experimental myocardial infarction (rabbit heart) in in situ and in vitro preparations. Apoptosis was recognized by intravital staining with Hoechst 33342 (Ho342), by nick-end labeling (TUNEL) and by DNA laddering. A steady rise in the relative number of apoptotic cardiomyocytes (apoptotic index) was noted in in situ preparations. Apoptosis was first noted 6 h after the onset of ischemia with its highest value occurring after 72 h. Apoptotic nuclei were absent in remote areas of the left and right ventricles. Apoptotic nuclei within the infarcted area showed diminished intensity of Ho342 fluorescence. Three days after ischemia, a border zone adjacent to the infarcted area consisting of apoptotic macrophages was recognized. A novel finding was the appearance of apoptotic cardiomyocytes in the isolated perfused ischemic heart. Occurring as early as 50 min after the onset of ischemia, a high apoptotic index was present adjacent to the ligature placed around the coronary artery. This observation provides the opportunity to selectively examine factors leading to apoptosis in the ischemic heart under controlled experimental conditions.     

Problems in falling in love

Certain patients enter psychoanalysis because of their inability to love another person. Often they report a repetitive erotic pursuit of desired partners, without being able to experience or maintain loving feelings. Kernberg has understood such difficulties as representing effects of early narcissistic disappointments and/or of difficulties in resolving oedipal conflicts. In this paper, Lacanian concepts of the mirror phase and symbolic love are employed to develop these issues. Sexualization of problems in mirroring may be fused with oedipal conflicts in some cases. An extended vignette is presented to illustrate the technical and theoretical issues.