600MW超临界汽轮机末级叶片装配工艺研究

对我国首台600MW超临界汽轮机低压转子末级叶片装配过程进行详细论述。在装配过程中,保证叶片围带的间隙、凸台拉筋间隙要求,使叶片的辐射线位置正确。保证机组通流间隙和运行的可靠性。     

325MW汽轮机末级动叶片Z型拉筋凸台及拉筋孔加工

论述了325MW空冷汽轮机低压第6级(末级)动叶片结构新颖的Z型拉筋凸台及凸台拉筋孔的加工工艺。文章从分析该叶片汽道内、背弧面上的拉筋凸台及拉筋孔的结构人手，结合东汽实际情况，分别对叶片内、背弧拉筋凸台的型线、凸台端面以及拉筋孔的加工进行了分析，提出了切实可行的加工工艺方案。     

超超临界汽轮机末级动叶接触及振动特性分析

针对超超临界汽轮机末级动叶普遍采用的凸台式阻尼拉筋、整圈自锁扭叶片结构,建立了三维非线性接触模型,采用有限元软件对某汽轮机叶片的强度及振动进行数值模拟,分析了拉筋间及围带间不同安装间隙下叶片的扭转变形,并基于设计的间隙值,得到了围带及拉筋的接触状态随转速的变化规律以及非线性接触对振动特性的影响.结果表明:拉筋间及围带间的非线性接触对叶片的扭转变形和动频影响较大,可以通过调整围带、拉筋结构及其安装间隙来改变叶片的刚度和频率.     

超临界500MW汽轮机末级960mm叶片离心应力分析

对某超临界500MW汽轮机低压末级960mm叶片在工作转速及超速转速下的离心应力进行三维有限元分析，计算考虑了叶片大变形时几何非线性的影响。结果表明：该叶片有着较高的离心应力水平；围带自锁状态下内弧表面的最大离心应力发生在外拉筋孔截面的拉筋孔靠进汽侧处；拉筋孔特别是外拉筋孔处的离心应力对围带的状态较为敏感。     

高速高载荷变转速汽轮机扭叶片优化设计及可靠性分析

为了完成高速高载荷系列工业汽轮机的低压级扭叶片的设计和应用,以常规驱动汽轮机叶片为原型,对其末三级扭叶片组进行了全三维气动性能分析;利用自适应差分进化算法对末三级叶片的型线和积叠规律进行了优化设计;然后根据常规强度计算结果,选择合适的材料并选择松拉筋配枞树型叶根的结构;最后采用有限元仿真软件对其进行了强度振动和动应力及疲劳分析。结果表明：优化后末三级叶片的气动效率提升约1.61%且强度满足要求;设计末两级动叶片时,优先考虑可靠性,其余级因其强度振动问题相对容易解决,优先考虑气动效率;末级叶片材料可能需要选择钛合金,而枞树型叶根是更可靠的叶根形式;选择抗弯模量大、厚度小的叶型搭配松拉筋有利于增加叶片刚度、减小叶片重量,从而为不调频叶片的设计提供参考。     

1200mm末级动叶片开发试验研究

1200mm末级动叶片是东汽自主开发的末级动叶片,叶片采用阻尼凸台拉筋和自带围带的结构形式。为了保证叶根强度、避免叶片在正常运行中发生共振现象,通过叶根强度试验和叶片的动调频试验,为保障叶片具有合格的强度振动特性提供支持,确保叶片在机组运行中的安全可靠。该文介绍了该叶片的叶根强度试验、动频试验的测试技术、试验结果及分析结论。     

基于分层模态综合法的大型汽轮发电机组转子-末级叶片耦合系统扭转振动分析

针对应用三维有限元法计算大型汽轮发电机组转子-末级叶片耦合系统扭转振动时存在自由度多和难以实现等问题,在模态综合法(CMS)的基础上,推导了计算转子-末级叶片耦合系统振动的分层二重CMS法的基本方程,给出了降阶的思路和原理.采用该方法对某1 000 MW汽轮发电机组的转子、末级和次末级叶片组成的耦合系统进行了扭转振动特性计算和分析,与不考虑末级、次末级叶片实际结构影响的固有振动特性进行了对比.结果表明:如果不考虑末级叶片的实际结构,会漏掉一些重要的振动模态,给转子和叶片的安全带来隐患;降阶前系统的自由度达到1.5亿,而降阶后系统的广义自由度仅为原自由度的0.07%;分层二重CMS法可用于大功率机组转子、末级、次末级耦合系统的扭转振动分析.     

某型核电汽轮机次末级叶片失效原因分析及优化改型设计

介绍了某型核电汽轮机次末级叶片的失效情况,并根据失效叶片断口分析和动频测量试验结果分析了叶片失效的原因。针对叶片失效的原因提出了优化设计方案,优化型叶片采用了能够提高结构阻尼的凸台拉筋整圈连接结构,并通过调频试验使叶片的共振转速避开2 820r/min~3 090r/min,以保证优化型叶片的安全运行。     

汽轮机末级工作叶片的强化和修复

据《Электрические　станции》2006年7月号报道，ВТИ（全俄热工研究所）制定了在不用拆卸转子叶片，其中包括不用打开汽轮机组汽缸盖（通过冷凝器），利用电火花熔合的方法强化并修复汽轮机末级工作叶片的工艺过程，允许在转子不同位置的叶片上形成涂层。     

30万千瓦汽轮机转子的应力分析

一、引言 30万千瓦汽轮机转子使用两根整锻转子,即高中转子和低压转子,高中压转子工作温度高达508℃,而且高压部分和中压部分合并为一个转子。为保证轴系合适的临界转速,转子的长度就受到限制,所以高中压转子的强度校核是个重要问题;低压转子需承受1米长叶片等的巨大离心力,末级叶轮的强度校核亦成为更突出的问题。在设计转子过程中除了采用常规的二次计算法和轴身加载法来计算转子的应力外,还运用有限元方法来计算高中压转子的稳定温度场、热应力及离心应力和低压转子的离心应力。     

200MW汽轮机次末级动叶片的断裂分析

针对断裂叶片及拉筋进行了化学成分、金相组织、硬度、断口等分析，以便找到叶片断裂的原因。     

围带及拉筋间隙装配的汽轮机末级长叶片的试验研究

阐述了汽轮机末级长叶片围带及拉筋的设计方法,通过对叶片的有限元分析确定围带及拉筋间隙,同时通过试验来验证有限元分析结果的精确性,掌握该结构叶片的设计原理和分析方法,为开发该结构的新叶片提供理论依据,以便满足汽轮机安全、可靠、高效运行要求。     

不同冲角下汽轮机拉筋气动损失系数的计算

采用Fluent软件对装有圆柱拉筋的平面叶栅进行了数值模拟,主要研究了圆柱拉筋引起的平面叶栅气动性能的变化以及叶片冲角对装有圆柱拉筋的平面叶栅的影响,计算了不同冲角下拉筋引起的损失系数,并与前人所做的实验结果吻合较好。结果表明:拉筋促使吸力面的流动分离加剧,使得吸力面附近的流动异常复杂。关于拉筋中心线形成上、下一个高损失涡对,在该处气流欠偏转;而在这个涡对中间的流体马赫数较高,气流呈过偏转。     

长叶片拉金气动影响的数值研究

汽轮机末级长叶片常用的拉金形式有圆柱形拉金和椭圆形拉金.由于拉金对气流的阻碍,级内能量损失有一定程度的增加.本文主要运用CFD方法,在同一平面叶栅,对分别装有圆柱形和椭圆形拉金进行了多个工况下气动特性的比较.分析了拉金对叶栅流道气动性能的影响,并且讨论了由两种拉金引起的流动损失在轴向截面上的分布情况.最后,计算了拉金气...     

长叶片相邻围带或凸肩接触转速计算方法

提出用围带或凸肩接触面上的法向作用力来表征叶片相邻围带或凸肩的接触关系,并通过迭代计算接触法向力从0转变为正的临界转速值（即接触转速）．迭代计算中,接触面上的法向作用力由三维接触有限元分析获得,并取上一次有限元分析结果作为本次有限元分析的初始值来提高收敛速度．应用该方法对工作转速为3000r／min的某200MW汽轮机组末级叶片相邻围带、凸肩的接触转速进行了计算．结果表明：迭代7次后接触转速的计算误差小于11．7r／min;该叶片围带、凸肩接触法向力随转速的加快而增大,且在工作转速下达到最大值．     

迷宫轴封气流周向剪切力对转子动态特性系数的影响

采用扰动法计算分析了透平机械直齿型轴封中非定常高压气流流动对涡动转子的气流激振问题,针对进口速度、进口压力、转子转速、涡动频率以及间隙大小对转子动特性系数的影响进行了详尽计算.结果表明,表面周向剪切力对转子动特性系数的影响不可忽略.     

Experimental study on the influence of multi-layer wire mesh on dynamics of premixed hydrogen-air flame propagation in a closed duct

Hydrogen, which is considered to be a promising clean energy source, has been studied and applied extensively in industries. In order to improve the safety of hydrogen energy application, an experimental study on the influence of multi-layer wire mesh on dynamics of premixed hydrogen-air flame propagation in a closed duct is conducted. Four different kinds of wire mesh with 40, 45, and 50 layers are chosen in the experiments. High speed schlieren photography is applied to capture the flame shape changes and determine the flame tip speed. Pressure transducer is used to measure the pressure transient. It is found that flame quenches in the cases of adding wire mesh of 60, 80, and 100 mesh with 45 and 50 layers, while for the wire mesh of 40 mesh, 50 layers cannot even quench the flame. Moreover, the multi-layer wire mesh can effectively suppress the flame tip speed, maximum pressure, and sound waves during premixed hydrogen-air flame propagation in the duct. The attenuated maximum pressure reaches approximately 78.6% in the case of adding wire mesh of 100 mesh-50 layers.     

Electromagnetic‐Thermal Modeling of Induction Heating of Moving Wire

The strength in a high carbon wire is attributed to the pearlitic microstructure, which is required for ease of wire drawing. During cold drawing of high carbon steel wires, residual stress develops which has to be relieved in order to obtain the desired mechanical properties. To achieve this, the wire is passed through a closed loop online an induction furnace at a particular speed in order to heat it to a uniform temperature range. This research work presents the electromagnetic‐thermal modeling of the induction heating of a moving wire based on the finite element method using the software package, COMSOL MultiphysicsTM. The furnace had a complicated geometry for the coils and this is, perhaps, for the first time an exhaustive study which is being reported. A unique grid generation technique was developed considering the skin effect. This work is aimed at enabling modeling of the process and will in turn be useful when defining individual parameters affecting the temperature distribution in a component, subjected to induction heating. The temperature distribution in the work piece depends primarily on parameters like coil position, line speed, frequency of the current, thermal and magnetic properties of the work piece, and so on. The impact of power supply frequency and line speed were studied during the heating of the moving wire (workpiece). An in‐situ customized furnace of lower capacity was developed to carry out the validation experiments. The present modeling results are validated with online plant trial data and found to be in good agreement. Finally, the desired mechanical property achieved during trials was confirmed through tensile testing.     

Performance optimisation of solar receivers that use oil as a heat transfer fluid

This article presents the use of a wire mesh in optimising the performance of two volumetric solar receivers that use oil as a heat transfer fluid. Computational fluid dynamics models have been used to optimise the receivers. Varied parameters (including the use of a wire mesh) of the receiver models were changed in the optimisation process. Based on the models, prototype receivers were developed and tested. After that, the models were validated against experiments and the results compare well. The results indicate that the use of a wire mesh placed inside a receiver improves its performance. An optimal wire mesh porosity was found as ≈0.95 mainly because the efficiency is increased without inducing an adverse pressure drop inside the receiver.     

Pressure drop increase of forced convective condensation inside horizontal coiled wire inserted tubes

An experimental study was performed to investigate the increment of the pressure drop during condensation of R-134 a vapor inside a horizontal tube with different coiled wire inserts. A double-pipe counter-flow heat exchanger of 1040-mm length was used as the test condenser while, the refrigerant flowed inside the inner tube and the coolant flowed in the annulus. Four coiled wires of 10.0-mm pitch and different diameters of 0.5, 0.7, 1.0 and 1.5-mm and also four springs of 1.0-mm diameter and different pitches of 5, 8, 10 and 13-mm were inserted on the refrigerant side of the test condenser. Data were recorded for different mass flow rates in plain tube and each coiled wire inserted tube. Investigating the results for the coiled wire inserted tubes revealed that inserting the springs increased the pressure drop in a range of 260 to 1600% in comparison with that for a plain tube. Also, influence of coiled wire geometry on the pressure drop was investigated. Based on the collected data, an empirical correlation was developed to predict the pressure drop during the condensation inside a horizontal tube in the presence of a spring insert. Finally, the performance evaluation of the coiled wire inserted condensers was done.