华南碧桂园六期生活及消防给水系统设计

介绍了地形高差较大的大型居住区华南碧桂园六期的生活及消防给水系统设计。结合地形和建筑规划布置,生活给水系统采用了节能、供水安全稳定性能好的高位水池供水方式,并且按给水竖向分区设置了2个不同高度的高位水池;消防给水系统采用常高压供水方式,环状管网布置,安全稳定可靠。阐述了设计参数、高位水池、二次加压给水泵房、管网布置等设计内容。     

GZ型管传液位信号式水泵自控装置

在小型给水工程设计中,水泵与高位水池联合供水系统多采用自动化供水。常见的形式有:晶体管电极式和浮球继电器式。上述两种自动供水装置的最大缺点是:(1)机件易失灵。(2)高位水池与泵房之间需设高位水池水位信号传递线路,出了故障检工操作。为了提高供水自动化的可靠程度,我们研制了GZ型管传液位信号式水泵自控装置。该装置现已用于某工程供水系统,经     

木拱河水库供水工程设计分析

本文结合木拱河水库供水工程基本情况,对供水工程设计要点进行详细探究,分别对供水范围、总需水量、供水水源、取水方式、饮水方式、泵站结构设计、泵站高位水池、输水系统以及管道附属设施进行了方案设计,以期为类似案例提供借鉴。     

高位水池在平岗饮水工程建设中的应用

高位水池是农村饮水工程中接近集中供水区的一个调节构筑物,它的设置与否将直接影响工程的投资和供水质量,对此就平岗供水工程设置高位水池进行综合论述和设计方案比较。     

农村家庭储水的水质问题及其安全措施分析

在山西省选择典型县市,通过对集中供水工程定时供水和分散式供水的农村家庭储水户的调研走访,在储水水质现场进行取样检验,分析了农村家庭水窖、旱井、水缸(水桶)和高位水箱(水池)4种储水方式存在的水质问题,针对不同的储水形式,提出了保证农村家庭储水水质安全的措施,为相关部门实现农村饮水安全提供决策依据。     

中水回用与污水净化技术示范与推广

中水收集处理回用系统采用PLC可编程控制器实现中央控制,各个水池(中水调节水池、接触氧化池、生化沉淀池、中水储水池)的液位控制;提升泵、过滤泵、回供水增压泵、增氧机、过滤及反     

中水回用与汗水净化技术示范与推广

中水收集处理回用系统采用PLC可编程控制器实现中央控制,各个水池（中水调节水池、接触氧化池、生化沉淀池、中水储水池）的液位控制;提升泵、过滤泵、回供水增压泵、增氧机、过滤及反冲等设备的运行及切换,均通过可编程控制器根据液位、压力、时序等物理量,实现自控联动。     

农村饮水高位水池重力供水与变频调速恒压供水在运行管理中的优劣

通过具体工程实例,论证了高位水池重力供水与变频调速恒压供水在运行管理中的优劣,针对村镇供水的特点,在靠近用户的末端设置调蓄水池是可行的,而在水厂附近设置大容积的高位水池是不合理的。为类似工程建设提供参考。     

蒙山县屯巴山灌片高效节水灌溉工程设计

介绍了蒙山县屯巴山灌片高效节水灌溉工程的基本情况,论述了灌溉方式、供水方式、管材比选情况。选定了低压管灌、水泵加高位水池供水、PE管道的节水灌溉方式,并根据现有地形、地质、水源条件、作物种植结构等条件,在连片面积4 000亩的蜜柚种植区范围内论述了低压管灌的灌溉制度、高位水池及管网布置设计。     

无线液位监视控制技术在村镇集中供水站的应用

针对已建村镇集中供水站泵房与转、高位水池相距较远,探讨采用无线液位监控技术,进行自动化运行管理改建,以解决转、高位水池经常发生溢水或缺水事件,实现控制泵间的连锁启停及实时监控的目的。结果表明,系统安全可靠、投资少、见效快、节能效果显著,减少了现场工人的劳动强度,具有明显的经济社会效益。     

边远海岛水资源开发利用模式研究

以舟山群岛为研究对象,通过分析海岛水资源特点及开发利用现状,探讨海岛地区水资源开发利用模式,提出了以保供水为主,结合防洪水、排涝水、抓节水、治污水的综合性开发利用模式——all in use(AIU)模式。针对用水需求年内变幅明显、水面蒸发量大、生态环境保护要求高的边远海岛,提出了以地下水库为存储空间,以截洪沟拦截汇水,以竖井收集来水的开发利用模式,最大限度地利用天然径流,形成水资源高效利用体系。     

Optimal allocation of surface water in regional water management

Surface water is a scarce reource that is applied by various users for a variety of activities. The regulation of surface water use is an element of regional water management at various management levels. At each management level, the allocation of surface water supply capacity is a policy instrument. An optimization model has been formulated to support the evaluation of potential allocations at a particular management level. The model describes the allocation problem as a network, in which arcs represent waterways and nodes represent inlets and locations where there is a demand for surface water supply. The use of surface water for a specific activity at a specific node is referred to as an application, for example, for sprinkling, for use as cooling water, for dissolving effluent, and for conservation of environmental areas. The optimization model generates the optimal allocation of surface water and of surface water supply capacity. The operation of the model was demonstrated by a case study, where it was applied to maximize the expected revenues in agriculture (measured as value added).     

Optimal planning of water supply system for long-term sustainability

Developing a long-term system plan for sustainable water supply is a challenging task due to system complexity and future uncertainties in water demands and source availability. Here a coupled optimization model is proposed for water supply system design and long-term operations by deciding system component sizes and water flow allocations simultaneously. The objective is to minimize overall system costs (i.e., sum of capital and operation costs) while meeting water demands and operational constraints. The economic costs include initial component construction costs and operation expenditure over pre-defined operation years. The proposed model integrates a genetic algorithm with a linear programming model to optimize water infrastructure investments and annual water transfers satisfying flow constraints. The coupled model was applied to a simplified water supply network composed of multiple water sources and users. For the application network, various qualities of water from different sources could be supplied to different users. Plausible future scenarios with time varying water demands were simulated representing potential future conditions. Application results show that the proposed coupled model is beneficial in decision making process to design structural components in near future and prepare long-term policies for water shortage and water right issues in upcoming years. The model can be tailored to a specific system and various regulations and conditions can be incorporated within the model without adding complexity to the optimization framework.     

农村安全供水水质监测研究进展

通过对我国农村供水现状和问题的分析,从保障饮水安全角度阐明农村供水水质检验的重要性,提出建立农村供水水质检验的总体思路。针对目前农村水厂控制水质的关键点,开展适用于农村各类供水水质检验技术研究．并取得初步成果。     

兴凯湖最低生态安全水位研究

基于兴凯湖1914～1957年水位过程变化线和水位～面积～库容曲线,通过计算兴凯湖多年平均和80%保证率水平年的来水量,并结合近期和远期需水量,对其进行了水量平衡分析.结果表明,兴凯湖具有较大的调节动能,即使连续6年出现历史上水位从多年平均水位下降至历史最低水位,兴凯湖也能满足近期和远期水量需求.经分析、计算和推理,认为以1925年兴凯湖水位67.88 m为最低生态水位是合适的.     

厄瓜多尔水资源规划中农业灌溉保证标准的选取

灌溉设计保证标准是灌溉工程规划设计中的一项重要指标,它直接影响着工程的规模、投资费用和效益。灌溉设计标准通常表现为灌溉设计保证率和经济内部收益率、经济净现值等经济指标。在厄瓜多尔共和国水资源规划中,通过对世界主要国家的农业灌溉保证率标准进行对比分析,确定了该国的农业灌溉保证率标准。应用该标准对厄瓜多尔全国九大流域灌区的水资源配置进行了规划。结果表明,厄瓜多尔全国灌区在规划水平年达到目标灌溉保证率的条件下,农业灌溉用水量和经济分析均合理,说明所确定的厄瓜多尔农业灌溉保证率标准具有合理性和可行性。     

PLIO: a generic tool for real-time operational predictive optimal control of water networks

This paper presents a generic tool, named PLIO, that allows to implement the real-time operational control of water networks. Control strategies are generated using predictive optimal control techniques. This tool allows the flow management in a large water supply and distribution system including reservoirs, open-flow channels for water transport, water treatment plants, pressurized water pipe networks, tanks, flow/pressure control elements and a telemetry/telecontrol system. Predictive optimal control is used to generate flow control strategies from the sources to the consumer areas to meet future demands with appropriate pressure levels, optimizing operational goals such as network safety volumes and flow control stability. PLIO allows to build the network model graphically and then to automatically generate the model equations used by the predictive optimal controller. Additionally, PLIO can work off-line (in simulation) and on-line (in real-time mode). The case study of Santiago-Chile is presented to exemplify the control results obtained using PLIO off-line (in simulation).     

调水对改善浅水型湖泊水体的置换率研究

以郑州龙湖为研究对象,采用任意无结构网格拟合多连通水域,贴合不规则湖岸边界与湖内岛屿的外形,建立了沿水深平均二维水流和交换率数学模型。以寻求湖泊最佳的流态分布和实现水体的高效置换为目标,进行了多种调水方案水体置换率计算,实现了方案的最优化。该研究对城市浅水型湖泊采用调水改善湖泊水环境的类似研究具有一定的借鉴意义。     

Analysis of water level management on the upper Mississippi River (1980–1990)

Management at 27 low-head dams affects water surface elevations for a 1050km stretch of the Upper Mississippi River (UMR) between St Louis, Missouri and Minneapolis, Minnesota. A systemic overview is given of current operating plans at dams on the UMR and historical data are analysed to determine how well the operating plans are being met. Water level elevations at all 27 dams are regulated as a function of discharge, although plans are specific for each dam. The management objective is to maintain a target water level at specific locations (control point) in each impoundment over specific ranges of discharge. The target water level and control point may change as discharge changes in each impoundment. In some of the impoundments water regulation causes drawdowns below the elevation for which the dams were planned, and at other dams no drawdown occurs. During the navigation seasons of 1980 to 1990, water levels were within their target window for an average of 72·5% of the time for 25 dams analysed. Difficulties in meeting targets are caused by winds, local rainfall events, ice dams and rapidly fluctuating discharges from tributaries with upstream reservoirs used for peaking hydropower.     

面向金泽水库取水安全的太浦河多目标联合调度研究

为强化上海市黄浦江供水系统的重要组成部分金泽水源地取水安全,又兼顾太湖流域及太浦河沿线区域防洪、供水需求,开展了太浦河太浦闸与沿线88个闸控口门的多目标联合调度研究。在分析太浦闸及两岸河道现有调度方式的基础上,拟定了两类共10个联合调度方案。采用细化后的太湖流域水量水质模型,对各调度方案进行了模拟。然后,构建了反映防洪、供水、水环境需求的多目标函数,采用蚁群优选算法对所有调度方案进行了优选。结果表明:与现状调度方案相比,太浦闸同时根据太湖水位和金泽断面水质情况加大下泄流量,同时太浦河沿线河道闸门有序控制,可显著提高金泽水源地关键水质指标达标率、抬升金泽水源地最低水位,又基本不影响流域及区域其他调度需求。