压电分流阻尼控制精密机械结构振动的研究

采用负阻抗变换器解决了压电分流电路中大亨值线绕电感的内阻影响抑振效能的问题.对硬盘驱动器(HDD)的磁头驱动臂这种典型精密机械结构的振动响应进行了压电分流阻尼抑制实验,对比分析了电路构型和参数优化方法对抑制效果的影响,研究了在高频微振动情况下,结构振动响应幅值对压电分流电路的抑振效果的影响.实验结果表明,改进的压电分流阻尼技术能有效抑制HDD驱动臂及磁头的瞬态和稳态振动响应.     

微型硬盘驱动器工作状态下的冲击特性仿真

为了研究微型硬盘驱动器在受到外界冲击激励时的动态特性,对磁头/盘界面的磁头悬臂与支承件接触面系统建立了力学模型,对施加不同冲击持续时间和加速度幅值的半正弦冲击的系统响应进行了仿真,探讨了在不同激励下磁头浮动块的冲击响应及影响空气轴承力变化的主要因素。仿真结果表明,在冲击过程中,气膜的挤压效应对空气轴承力具有一定的影响,冲击加速度幅值和持续时间的变化将影响浮动块的运动稳定性。研究结果为硬盘结构的抗冲击设计提供了理论参考和分析方法。     

硬盘加载/卸载过程磁头悬臂接触面的动力学仿真

针对于微硬盘驱动器斜坡加载/卸载(Load/Unload)过程,对微硬盘的磁头/盘界面及磁头悬臂与支承件接触面的摩擦学及动力学特性进行建模,对加载及卸载过程中的浮动块、悬臂的动态特性和斜坡与提升臂的接触特性进行了仿真,分析了加载与卸载速度及斜坡倾角对斜坡与提升臂的接触变形与接触力及接触面间的摩擦能耗特性的影响。研究结果表明,加载及卸载速度的增加将导致斜坡接触面上的接触力及摩擦力的增大,增大斜坡倾角将使接触面摩擦能量损耗增加。研究结果对微硬盘磁头/盘界面的改进和加载/卸载技术的进一步应用提供依据。     

液体环境中的光热微驱动方法与技术研究

提出和发展了适用于液体(水)环境的光热微驱动技术及光热微驱动机构(OTMA).建立了水环境中OTMA膨胀臂在激光照射下的光热膨胀模型,基于有限元分析推导出膨胀臂的温升分布公式,并对长度1080μm、宽度90μm的膨胀臂在4 mW激光照射下的温升分布进行了仿真,理论研究表明了液体环境中光热微驱动技术的可行性.设计与微加工制作了一种对称型OTMA,在波长520 nm、功率可调的激光照射下,首次实现了液体环境中的光热微驱动,实验结果表明膨胀臂的光热偏转量随激光功率的增大而增加.进一步开展了在波长520 nm、有效功率4 mW、频率可调的激光脉冲照射下的光热微驱动实验,结果表明,对称型OTMA在频率0.9 Hz～16.4 Hz的激光脉冲照射下具有良好的动态响应,驱动量(偏转量)振幅在2.6μm～3.7μm之间变化,随激光脉冲频率的增大而减小.理论研究及实验曲线趋势表明,适当增大激光功率、提高激光脉冲频率,在液体环境中实现更大偏转量、更高频率的光热微驱动是完全可行的.本文研究拓展了液体环境中的光热微驱动技术,为微光机电系统及微纳米技术领域的应用提供了新的方法与途径.     

分子间作用力对硬盘磁头承载力的影响

当硬盘驱动器的磁头飞高降至5nm以下时,磁头与磁盘间的分子间作用力不能忽略.以皮米磁头和飞米磁头为模型,模拟了分子间作用力对飞高低于5nm的磁头总承载力的影响.模拟结果表明,分子间作用力改变了飞高低于5nm的磁头承载特性.分子间吸引力使总承载力减小,甚至出现负值,以致使磁头失去承载能力.当飞高进一步降低时,分子间斥力的作用显现出来.由于分子间引力和斥力的作用范围不同,磁头有一段失去承载能力的临界飞高区间.磁头的尺寸因子不同,临界飞高区间也有差别.     

高精度磁头动态性能测试系统的设计

根据市场需求,提出了一套高精度 Maxtor 磁头动态性能测试系统的方案. 设计了系统的架构和硬件部分,并使用 OO、UML 和 COM 组件、NET 等技术对其软件部分进行了开发. 通过调用 Maxtor 公司提供的组件包 MACH,完成了对所设计硬件部分的底层控制电路和机械设备的控制与协调. 在系统测试阶段,通过大量的实际环境测试证明了该方案是有效的.     

摄动法研究硬盘磁头滑块动态飞行特性

硬盘工作时,磁头滑块飞行在磁盘上方,其动态飞行特性对硬盘工作性能有重要影响。该文利用摄动法推导了磁头滑块的气膜刚度和阻尼摄动方程,且通过有限体积法进行求解,获得了初始摄动条件下的气膜刚度和阻尼矩阵。结合磁头滑块动力学方程,研究了扰动速度、扰动俯仰角和扰动侧倾角对磁头滑块动态飞行特性的影响。研究结果表明:①扰动速度会导致磁头滑块向磁盘表面作竖直方向的移动,增加了与磁盘接触碰撞的风险;②扰动俯仰角或侧倾角的增加都会导致磁头滑块振动幅度的增加,但扰动俯仰角更容易引起磁头滑块的振动。     

基于BP神经网络的冲击波压力传感器组件动态特性分段建模方法研究

受爆炸场中寄生效应的影响,需要采取相应抑制措施对冲击波压力传感器进行改造。为研究冲击波压力传感器组件的动态特性,基于双膜激波管对冲击波压力传感器组件进行动态校准,获得了阶跃响应信号;采用微分法求取了传感器组件动态特性非参数模型;根据冲击波压力传感器组件动态特性非参数模型变化规律,在频域内对其进行合理分段,并基于BP神经网络分段建模方法得到传感器组件动态特性模型;通过实例分析与比较,证明了基于BP神经网络的分段建模方法能够有效提高模型精度和建模效率。     

考虑轴载组合与层间结合状态变化的路面动载响应分析

利用动态有限元数值计算理论和显示积分方法对路面结构的动态响应进行了分析。首先对垂直脉冲荷载和移动荷载两种加载模式下路面结构响应进行了对比,发现垂直脉冲荷载虽然能反映行车荷载瞬时性的特点,但其与实际的移动荷载相比仍存在较大误差。然后以移动荷载为加载模式,并考虑了轴载组合及路面各结构层层间粘结状态等影响因素,对移动荷载下的路面结构响应进行了详细计算分析。     

介电弹性体驱动单元的动态特性分析

针对不同电压载荷情况下介电弹性体驱动单元的动态特性,考虑材料非线性、介电常数变化和惯性效应等因素的影响,从热力学能量转化的角度得到了基于Ogden应变能函数的介电弹性体驱动单元的二阶常微分运动方程,并分析了系统的动态响应及模型几何尺寸的影响。结果表明:介电弹性体驱动单元动态响应的振幅由电场强度决定。在恒定场强下,随着电场强度幅值的增大,驱动单元的振幅将随之增大、振动频率将随之减小;在简谐场强下,随着电场强度频率的增大,驱动单元将发生共振,且共振频率将随电场强度的增大而减小。     

基于LS-DYNA的移动硬盘跌落冲击耐撞性能分析

移动硬盘独特的机械工作方式和部件结构的复杂性决定其对振动冲击非常敏感。针对移动硬盘复杂的内部结构,遵循质量等效原则,基于ANSYS/LS-DYNA动力学分析软件建立非工作状态下的移动硬盘整体跌落冲击有限元模型,分析并确定移动硬盘跌落冲击耐撞性能评价指标。通过数值仿真,分析传动臂材料、传动臂形状以及跌落角度对移动硬盘耐撞性能的影响,为移动硬盘的耐撞性分析、评估与设计提供理论依据。     

The pulse width effect on the shock response of the hard disk drive

A finite element model (FEM) of the ST drive from Seagate is developed in ANSYS to investigate the shock response of the hard disk drive (HDD). The FEM includes the pivot bearing, the head stack assembly (HSA) and the disk. The free state of the HSA is determined by an iterative procedure to produce the prescribed preloading force at the head–disk interface. The FE model is then verified by conducting a modal analysis over the HSA. The obtained mode shapes and resonant frequencies are compared with the modal testing results. An acceleration pulse is applied to the shaft and the whole disk surface at the same time to study the shock response of the HDD. The head slap behavior is examined at the slider–disk interface. The effect of the pulse width on the head slap behavior is studied. The duration of the acceleration pulse varies from 0.3 to 1 ms. It is found that the lift-up height of the slider reaches a peak value at different pulse widths when the amplitude of acceleration pulse changes. This is due to the nonlinear behavior introduced by the contact surfaces.     

Shock Resistance of a Disk-Drive Assembly Using Piezoelectric Actuators With Passive Damping

Current dual-stage actuator design uses piezoelectric patches only, without passive damping. In this paper, we propose a dual-stage servo system using enhanced active-passive hybrid piezoelectric actuators. Because they incorporate passive damping, the proposed actuators will improve the existing dual-stage actuators, giving them higher precision and better shock resistance. We report finite-element analyses of different types of piezoelectric actuators in a disk arm assembly under external shock and vibration. We modeled the viscoelastic damping layers in the hybrid actuators with the Prony series, whose parameters we determined from the dynamic frequency data of a nomograph. In the analyses, a shock impulse (175 g, 1 ms half sine) and a vibration impulse (350 g and 1 ms full sine) are applied at one end of the base, while the other end of the base is fixed. We evaluated and compared the responses of the disk arm assembly with different configurations of the piezoelectric actuators. The simulation results show that the enhanced active-passive hybrid actuator design would reduce the residual in-plane vibration induced during the shock, resist liftoff motion, and reduce the impact damage when the head slaps.     

Drop test simulation and power spectrum analysis of a head actuator assembly in a hard disk drive

This work aims to develop a method for predicting the displacement and failure of the Head Actuator Assembly (HAA) during a drop test. When a Hard Disk Drive (HDD) is dropped from a certain height, it will accelerate due to gravity until it hits the ground with a certain speed, and the head suspension system may lift off the disk and land onto it in a very short time. The impact during the head slap often leads to failure of the HAA. The pivot-bearing stiffness is a very important factor for the dynamic behavior of the HAA during a drop test. A simplified beam model with a torsional spring and a translational spring located at the end of the arm has been developed to analyze the effects of the pivot-bearing stiffness on the dynamic response of the arm in the present paper. Moreover, to further investigate a pseudo-resonance phenomenon observed by the authors in a previous work, three types of acceleration shocks different in pulse shapes (half-sine, triangular, and dual-quadratic acceleration pulses) were selected as input loadings. Dynamic analyses of the actuator arm subjected to these loadings were carried out. Numerical results show that a pseudo-resonance phenomenon occurs for the maximum relative displacement, but at different pulse widths for these different acceleration shocks. Power spectrum analyses were implemented for these different acceleration shocks. An explanation is given in terms of the acceleration power at the resonant frequency of the arm. A corollary has been derived based on a theorem developed previously by the authors. A prediction is made by the corollary and confirmed by numerical results.     

Impact force measurement of an actuator arm of a hard disk drive

Impact forces of an actuator arm of a hard disk drive (HDD) are measured by means of modifying the levitation mass method (LMM) whose basic concept was proposed by the first author. In the LMM, force is measured as the inertial force of a mass levitated with sufficiently small friction using an aerostatic linear bearing. The Doppler frequency shift of the laser beam reflecting from the mass is accurately calculated from the waveform recorded using a digitizer. The velocity, the position, the acceleration and the inertial force of the mass are calculated from the measured time-varying Doppler frequency shift. In the experiments, the mechanical response of an actuator arm of a HDD against an impact load and the inertial force of the actuator arm in free oscillation are measured. The importance and the problems concerning the present knowledge on the impact force of an actuator arm of a HDD are also discussed.     

Novel method for minimizing track seeking residual vibrations ofhard disk drives

Track access time is an important parameter for high-performance hard disk drives (HDDs). Presently, the resonances of the head actuator caused by the pivot-bearing stiffness are an even more urgent problem, since these resonances have become the main design factor that limits further reduction of track access time and improvement of the servo control bandwidth in HDDs. Our objective in this paper is to investigate, from a mechanics and dynamics viewpoint, the influence of the driving force waveforms on residual vibrations and to identify the characteristics of the waveform, which will lead to zero or very low residual vibrations. Using a simplified model of a head actuator assembly and finite-element simulation, we show that the residual vibration of the head actuator assembly depends strongly on the waveform and the time duration of the driving impulse force. If suitable waveform and time duration of the seeking impulse force are appropriately chosen, very low track seeking residual vibrations and quick track access can be achieved     

Investigation of Fluid Structure Interaction of a Head Stack Assembly in a Hard Disk Drive

An analysis of three-dimensional, unsteady flow field is conducted in a 3.5-in, 7200 rpm hard disk drive (HDD) using FLUENT software. The analysis is carried out for the head stack assembly (HSA) positioned at the outer diameter (OD). A finite element model (FEM) of the HSA, built in ANSYS, is used for the forced vibration analysis. The flow field analysis yields the aerodynamic forces and moments which are applied to the HSA FEM. The effects of a damper plate and arm holes introduced to the HSA design are investigated. The analysis shows that a damper plate attenuates the root mean square (RMS) of aerodynamic loads acting on the HSA, resulting in a significant reduction of off-track displacement of the heads. It also shows that a weight-saving hole in the arm causes a complex vortex structure inside the hole. The vortex structure exhibits a forming/collapsing frequency of 7 to 9 kHz, which resonates with the structural modes of the HSA, causing additional off-track vibration of the heads.      

车载信息记录仪硬盘减振缓冲的研究

在车载环境下,冲击和振动会对工作中的硬盘造成传输中断甚至损坏。采用抗冲击振动性能强的硬盘以及合理的减振装置可以使设备稳定地工作。文中通过实验测试出某型号硬盘开启主动保护的激振频率的范围,针对实验数据及车载情况选用钢丝绳减振器,通过简化的动力学模型,确定了减振器型号以及隔振效率,并采用合理的安装方式,设计出结构简单,适应性强的硬盘隔振系统。     

Mechanical and servo design of a 10 inch disk drive

Design concepts of the mechanical and servo system of a newly-developed compact disk drive are discussed. This new drive features 10 inch diameter disks with a capacity above 400 Mega-bytes. The mechanical structure, with its own closed self-circulating air system , is designed to minimize thermal offtrack and undesired vibration. A new rotary type head actuator is accommodated, and servo system design is based on an optimal control theory to achieve fast, precise positioning.