中国电子商务标准体系(英文)

正1.Developmental status of China’s e-commerce Started in the early 1990s,China’s e-commerce,in the form of ED-I,was mainly participated in by a number of large-scale enterprises and public institutions via the private network.The transaction mode,technology,or standards at that time all relied on the introduction and adoption of international or foreign standards,and     

Current status and technology development tendency of research reactors in China

The current status and development history of domestic and abroad Research Reactors (RRs) are mentioned. The representative RRs and their respective technology characteristics are introduced. The utilizations of China’s RRs, mainly included as nuclear engineering technology, basic research applications of nuclear technology, teaching and personnel training, are explained.     

中国的用能状况及能源管理(英文)

正60% of China’s energy depends on coal,while new energy merely acts as a supplement,reflecting that the gap between China’s energy structure and the average international level.China Energy Development Report 2013 released by National Energy Administration,highlights that the energy development at present should solve the problem of smog and meanwhile makes sure the supply of energy.The trend of energy development as follows:     

建设中的华东制罐总厂

The factory, located in Zhenjiang City of Jiangsu Province, is directly under the China National Packaging Corporation. Its easy-open two-piece aluminium can production line, supplied by FMI, Italy, is one of the biggest among the 14 lines of the same kind ever imported in China. The line yields 800-1000 cans per minute, with annual capacity of 250-300 million cans. The factory occupies a space over 50,000m~2, of which business area takes up 21,209m~2 Main equipment of the line includes cupping and drawing machines from FMI of Italy, colour printer from Rutherford of USA, inside sprayer from Fisher of USA, light tester from Reynolds of USA. The line is estimated to create about 0.3 billion yuan of output value, 27.85 million yuan of profit and revenue, or 1 million yuan of annual output value per capita. The yearly products can meet the demand of 100,000 tons of beers and drinks.     

The status quo and prospect of biomass power generation in China

Facing the pressure of fossil energy exhaustion and environment pollution, people begin to search for clean and renewable energy to partly substitute fossil energy and realize sustainable development. As the fourth type of energy, biomass energy has many advantages: wide distribution, large quantity, being renewable, clean, can be stored and transported and so on. By adopting thermo-chemical and biochemical technologies, biomass energy can be converted to high quality solid, gaseous and liquid energy products, and provide convenient heat and power energy for human being’s production and daily life. In January 2006, China Renewable Energy Law began to be implemented, biomass energy power generation industry has been developing rapidly in China. This paper will present the status quo of biomass power generation industry in China and also introduce briefly the future development models.     

Study of the Development Road Map of China’s Renewable Energy

Renewable Energy (RE) has been attached high attention around the world due to its carbon-free and indigenous production in a sustainable way. China enjoys plenty of renewable energy resources, particularly the wind, solar ,hydro and biomass energy, which could be a sound basis for a large-scale exploitation. This report examines the current status of RE technology and industry, analyzes the challenges of promoting RE in China. In order to pave the way for a long-term development of RE, this paper outlines the basic principles and priorities for individual RE technology. In line with these, the paper puts forward the RE targets and further describes the RE Roadmap by 2020, 2030 and extende to 2050, taking consideration of China’s RE resources, industrial basis and energy demand etc. At last, this paper provides some recommendations to ensure the achievements of the RE targets.     

New technology opens the door for deepwater development

Deepwater exploration has always been a great technical challenge to engineers and professionals. Not only is it due to the complicated harsh environment and great water depth, but also it needs various frontier technologies, such as directional controlled drilling, advanced remote control system, new application of material, sophisticated advanced analytical tool, as well as modern model testing methodology and technology. With the continued innovation and development of new technologies associated with ocean activities in various disciplines, deepwater development has been accelerating in recent years. The development of deepwater oil fields is now reaching a new stage with the dramatic increase in water depth and the increasing demands on the economic development of the field. The increasing water depth not only constitutes the technical difficulties, but also is coming with the risk of environment impact. High pressure, high temperature, sometimes high corrosive liquid, is often associated with deepwater drilling and production. Any mistake or technical deficiency could cause enormous financial lose, and even catastrophic disaster to human being and environment. The current on-going catastrophic example caused by drill semi Deepwater Horizon at Gulf of Mexico proved that once again. Due to the complexity of deepwater environment and lack of industry previous experience on complicated structures, offshore engineering has been one of the most challenging and technology demanding disciplines. There are some significant developments in the industry for the design of the floating structures in recent years, which mainly reflects in the following areas: 1) the gradual maturation of the industry in recent years; 2) the increasing need of quickly developing the discovered oil/gas fields; 3) the substantial increased number of deepwater floating projects; and 4) the worldwide participation of deepwater field exploration and production. This study will provide an updated status of technology for deepwater field development, demonstrate the importance of its application through actual project example, and discuss some future technical development trends. The focus will be on the floating structures. By reviewing some of the engineering aspects of the project, we will discuss and demonstrate the technology advancement, innovations, and challenges in offshore engineering. There are more than a dozen of current deepwater projects that are ongoing or have recently been installed. Several of these projects are setting new water depth records, and are providing new “firsts” for the industry, such as the use of tender assisted drilling from a floater, novel installation methods, accelerated fabrication, and directly supporting top tensioned risers from the floaters. Some of the technical advances from these recent projects will be highlighted. The author’s view of technical challenges facing deepwater forwarding will be discussed. This will cover water depth limitations, new material application, installation methods, riser development, and operational issues. An overview of technologies that will enable deepwater projects to be extended into new frontiers will be presented.     

Contributing to Sustainable Development—The Mission and Value of Higher Education

Some notes on sustainable development and scientific outlook on development were given．It is addressed that the mission of higher education to contribute to sustainable development should be reinforced and further expanded．The present situation of China’s higher education and the improvements required were analyzed．Two modes of thinking（reductionism and holism）and the relationship between the mode of thinking and the mode of development were discussed．The change in the mode of thinking is the key point for Chinese higher education,and more intensive reform of teaching affairs is necessary．A proposal of the revision of China’s Higher Education Act and University Constitutions was put forward．     

Development of renewable energy in China: significance & strategic objectives

Based on CAE’s research report, this paper illustrates the background and purposes of the development strategy research of renewable energy in China, emphasizes the significance of developing renewable energy in China, gives the strategic positions and development objectives of renewable energy in China in the first half of 21st century and contributes to green house gas emissions reduction and environmental protection in China.     

Standardization Plays an Indispensable Role in Solving Energy Problems

On June 27th, the China Construction Ministry (CCM) announced that China will intensify efforts to implement the supervision of construction standards with the goal of promoting energy saving practices. By 2010, urban construction projects are expected to achieve energy savings of 50%, and by 2020 to save 351 million tons of coal.     

Automation Technology in Welding Seam Welding Machining Design

With the continuous development of society, the gradual improvement of mechanical automation technology has been introduced into the production of many enterprises in China, which has had a great impact on the increase of China′s gross national product. Applying mechanical automation technology greatly saves labor cost, improves working efficiency and the production level of enterprises, effectively promotes the development of enterprises, and increases the enterprise′s income. In addition, mech...     

Perspectives of China’s Wind Energy Development

Wind energy is a kind of clean renewable energy, which is also relatively mature in technology, with large-scale development conditions and prospect for the commercialization. Wind energy’s development and utilization is an important measure to increase energy supply, adjust energy structure, ensure energy security, protect the ecological environment, reduce greenhouse gas emission and build a harmonious society. Wind energy is a kind of clean renewable energy, which is also relatively mature in technology, with large-scale development conditions and prospect for the commercialization. The development of wind energy is a systematic project, involving policy, law, technology, economy, society, environment, education and other aspects. The relationship among all the aspects should be well treated and coordinated. This paper has discussed the following relationships which should be well coordinated: relationship between wind resources and wind energy development, relationship between the wind turbine generator system and the components, relationship between wind energy technology and wind energy industry, relationship between off-grid wind power and grid-connected wind power, relationship between wind farm and the power grid, relationship between onshore wind power and offshore wind power, relationship between wind energy and other energies, relationship between technology introduction and self-innovation, relationship among foreign-funded, joint ventured and domestic-funded enterprises and relationship between the government guidance and the market regulation, as well as giving out some suggestions.     

2D Nanomaterials for Effective Energy Scavenging

The development of a nation is deeply related to its energy consumption.2D nanomaterials have become a spotlight for energy harvesting applications from the small-scale of low-power electronics to a large-scale for industry-level applications,such as self-powered sensor devices,environmental monitoring,and large-scale power generation.Scientists from around the world are working to utilize their engrossing properties to overcome the challenges in material selection and fabrication technologies for compact energy scavenging devices to replace batteries and traditional power sources.In this review,the variety of techniques for scavenging energies from sustainable sources such as solar,air,waste heat,and surrounding mechanical forces are discussed that exploit the fascinating properties of 2D nanomaterials.In addition,practical applications of these fabricated power generating devices and their performance as an alternative to conventional power supplies are discussed with the future pertinence to solve the energy problems in various fields and applications.     

中国的用能状况及能源管理(英文)简

60% of China＇ s energy depends on coal, while new energy merely acts as a supplement, reflecting that the gap between China＇ s energy structure and the average international level. China Energy Development Report 2013 released by National Energy Administration, highlights that the energy development at present should solve the problem of smog and meanwhile makes sure the supply of energy. The trend of energy development as follows：     

The Theory and Methods Research on Ecological Quality Control of Enterprises

So far, most theories of economics and management are under the same premise that the natural resources are never exhausted and regenerated repeatedly. The magic of technology brought by industrial revolution endowed human with power that they can do anything they want. It also turns natural resources into industrial energy and enhances the development of human society and civilization. Human uses direct comparison of input and output and the satisfaction degree of demands to measure the production activities, the economic benefit and management performance, regardless of the change of ecology that serves as the natural resources. However, since the ecological environment has been changing worse recently and natural disaster happened frequently human's dream of conquering the nature has been broken.     

Development of the zinc-air power battery on electric bicycles in China

Electric bikes powered by lead-acid batteries have developed very fast for several years in China. Because the inconvenience caused by the service performance and the inconsistency to the environmental protection policy of the lead-acid battery, the zinc-air power battery was proposed to solve the problem in this paper. The advantage and the feasibility of developing zinc-air power batteries in China have been illustrated in the paper. And, it is represented that development of electric bikes powered by the zinc-air power battery also can accelerate this kind of battery’s development in other electric vehicles, which is favorable to economic development and environmental protection.     

Redox flow batteries based on insoluble redox-active materials.A review

The ever-increasing demand for energy has stimulated the development of economical non-fossil fuels.As representative of clean energy,solar and wind have been identified as the most promising energy sources due to their abundance,cost efficiency,and environmental friendliness.The intrinsic intermittent of the clean energy leads to the urgent requirements large-scale energy storage technique.Redox flow batteries(RFBs)are attractive technology due to their independent control over energy and power.Insoluble redox-active flow battery is a new type of electrochemical energy storage technology that disperses redox-active particles in the electrolyte.Compared with traditional flow batteries,insoluble flow batteries have advantages of large energy density and are very promising in the development of large-scale energy storage systems.At present,three types of insoluble flow batteries have been explored:slurry-based flow batteries,metal/slurry hybrid,and redox-mediator-assisted flow batteries.This Review summarizes the research progress of insoluble flow batteries,and analyzes the key challenges from the fundamental research and practical application perspectives.     

Potential Applications of Polymer Microchips in Pharmaceuticals

Some of the most recent development in polymer based microchips have been reviewed. Different methods used in fabricating ploymer microchips are introduced. The inportance and applications of the ploymer microchip in pharmaceutical and other areas are discussed. Finally, the potential problems and development areas in polymer microchip technology are also addressed.     

The impacts of biofuels on food security and supply in China

Biofuels are the current promising alternative to fossil fuels. However, the fluctuating food prices caused by oil price led to critics to biofuels. The paper surveyed biofuels production and grain production and consumption demand, and come to the concolusion that there was a little impact of corn ethanol on international food price, and there was no impact on China’s food prices. China has launched non-food biofuels development strategy to use marginal lands for growing hard crops, such as sweet sorghum, tuber crops, and switchgrass etc to produce biofuels without any impact on food security in the future.     

A half century of radioisotope neutron sources in China

Near fifty years history of the development of radioisotope neutron sources in China is briefly reviewed. The structure design, preparing technology and production status of routine neutron sources including 210Po-Be source, 210Po mock fission source, 241Am-Be source, 238Pu-Be source, 252Cf spontaneous fission source and other special-shape neutron sources are summarized. In addition, the prospects of development on radioisotope neutron source in China are predicted from the needs of nuclear power construction, oil well-logging, neutron moisture gauges and neutron brachytherapy.