浅谈GIS的土地整理基础信息数据库建立

本文浅谈应用GIS技术收集土地整理基础数据和建立土地整理基础信息数据库的方法,应用土地整理中的空间数据和属性数据对提高土地整理效率具有重要意义。     

中国古代生态文化中土地文化的精髓

中国古代土地文化是中国古代生态文化的重要组成部分,古代土地文化具有坚实的生态哲学基础,"天人合一"和"五行说"是古人认识土地重要性的世界观;土地文化是中国古代社会的立国之本、理民之道和国之财富的重要基础.同时,古代的土地保护实践在土地文化中具有重要的生态文化特征.     

论土地征收程序的完善与土地承包经营权的保护

<农村土地承包法>肯定了土地承包经营权是农民一项重要的具有物权性质的财产权.土地征收是政府行使的一项公权.由于公权的过于强大,土地征收对土地承包经营权带来侵害.如何完善土地征收制度成为保护土地承包经营权的关键.     

GPS遥感测绘方法在土地测绘中的应用研究

土地测绘是查明我国土地资源利用状况和后期规划、利用的基础依据,因此,如何更准确的、快速的获得现阶段土地资源利用状况是当前亟待解决的问题。以GPS遥感测绘方法为研究对象,以某地区土地测绘实例为分析目标,着重讲述GPS遥感测绘方法中的CORS技术在土地测绘中的应用。结果表明:该技术有效的提高了测绘精度、降低了成本、提高了测绘效率,在土地测绘中具有广阔的应用前景。     

土地收购储备中的公平原则

土地收购储备是一项国家宏观调控的具体措施,对规范土地的使用具有重要作用,其中土地收购储备操作中的公平性是保障其顺利进行的关键,但实际中仍存在违背公平原则的问题.本文结合土地收购储备工作中存在的公平问题,对如何解决发表了自己的见解.     

3S技术在矿区土地利用动态监测中的应用

矿区是一个具有资源开发目标的特殊地理区域,土地的侵占和破坏十分严重。3S技术在矿区土地利用动态监测中的应用会使我国现有的矿产资源得到更为有效的利用。论文研究将通过对矿区土地资源的调查研究,根据矿区土地资源利用和破坏的特点,分析3S技术在矿区土地利用动态监测中的应用,这将具有重要的理论意义。     

农村土地承包合同纠纷中存在的问题与对策

随着农村产业政策的调整,特别是国家关于扶持粮食生产、调减农业税收,促进农民增收等政策的出台,极大地调动了农民群众发展粮食生产的积极性.在农业经济效益前景看好的情况下,农民承包土地的积极性提高了,土地承包当事人之问常常因承包土地的使用、收益,流转、收回以及承包合同的履行等事项发生纠纷,正确与及时解决好这些纠纷,对于维护和保障农民群众的合法权益、构建和谐社会、促进农村社会稳定和农村经济发展具有重要的现实意义.     

我国土地监察管理工作存在的问题及对策研究

土地资源是社会赖以生存和发展的物质基础,保护和合理利用土地资源在国民经济发展中具有非常重要的意义.随着经济的不断发展和改革开放的不断深入,土地资源管理和执法监察面临着新的挑战.怎样客观全面地认识新形势下土地监察工作中出现的问题,采用切实有效的办法解决这些问题,值得进行深入的研究和探讨.     

秦岭北麓矿山污损土地生态化修复及资源化利用分析

秦岭北麓是关中地区的天然生态屏障和水源涵养地,具有重要的生态作用,多年来的矿产资源的开采,致使秦岭北麓矿山土地遭受到了不同的破坏,已经严重影响到了秦岭生态环境,秦岭北麓矿山污损土地的治理已经迫在眉睫。本文针对秦岭北麓矿山污损土地现状、类型及特征,阐述了矿山污损土地生态化修复措施,对矿山污损土地治理过程中的资源化利用进行了分析,为秦岭北麓矿山污损土地治理工作提供了一定的借鉴。     

毛泽东邓小平土地思想及当代启示

我国在社会主义建设的过程中,土地思想不断得到变迁与发展.改革开放后我国农村基本经营制度的确立丰富和发展了马克思主义的土地理论.以家庭承包经营为基础、统分结合的双层经营体制,是几代共产党人继承和创新马克思主义土地经营制度的结果.深入研究马克思主义土地理论,对于理解、坚持和发展我国农村土地制度,推动我国农村经济发展具有重要意义.     

矿区土地复垦与生态环境恢复综述

矿区土地复垦与生态恢复已成为矿业可持续发展的重要问题,综合我国有色金属矿、铁矿和煤矿土地复垦和生态恢复研究进展和实践,提出矿山环境治理的对策.     

如何有效降低建设用地成本的思考

在当前较为严峻的经济形势下,如何在严格遵守国家法律、法规、切实保护耕地的前提下,既保证企业不断发展对建设用地的需求,又能行之有效降低企业建设用地成本,提高企业综合经济效益的思考和应对措施。     

钢铁冶金渣的资源化利用

开展冶金渣资源化利用,对于减少冶金渣弃埋用占地和防止环境污染,促进我国钢铁工业的持续高效发展具有重要意义.通过对我国冶金渣资源化综合利用的现状、目前存在的主要问题以及未来发展趋势的分析,得出了在不断完善现有冶金渣资源化利用方法的同时,还应进一步研究和开发利用冶金渣生产具有高附加值制品的结论。     

Land-Use Spatial Optimization Based on PSO Algorithm

The optimization of land-use spatio-structure is one of the most important areas of land use management; constructing a spatial optimization model that is based on the micro spatial unit in a bottom-up mode plays an important role in coupling the quantity structure and spatial structure effectively. The objective of this research is to develop a land use spatial optimization model based on particle swarm optimization to make spatial decision in land use management. The model is implemented using real datasets to emulate the process of spatial structure optimization in order to get the best landscape pattern under the control of decision environments. Simulation results revealed that the particle swarm optimization model has the ability to utilize the quantity and spatial structure. Furthermore, the result demonstrated that it can be used to stimulate the landscape pattern in designing the appropriate optimization environment, which could land quantity target to the basic spatial units effectively and provide appropriate spatio-structure for regional land use space layout decision making.     

温州矾矿鸡笼山矿区地质环境保护与治理

温州矾矿经过几十年的开采,产生了一系列的矿山地质环境问题,造成自然景观和土地资源不同程度的破坏,在温州矾矿鸡笼山矿区环境现状调查的基础上,分析阐述了矿山环境存在的突出问题,并针对相应的矿山地质环境保护与治理恢复方案提出了治理措施。     

The socio-economic framework of nutritional problems in poor and in rich countries

The explosive increase of population in almost all the underdeveloped countries--about 1900 it was round a milliard, now it is more than two milliard and at the turn of the century more than four milliard is to be expected--has given rise to serious concern that the Third World is approaching a nutritional catastrophe such as ROBERT MALTHUS has prophesied nearly two hundred years ago for the newly developing industrial countries. The actual development of the industrial countries has proved the opposite of MALTHUS' prognosis. And in the Third World also such pessimistic fears are not appropriate. The natural potential for the production of foodstuffs in most of the developing countries is immensely great. The nutrition of the additional milliard in this century could be kept at the approximately equal per capita level by cultivation of land reserves with traditional primitive methods without an increase of yield. In order to keep from hunger the number of consumers doubling once more in the coming twenty-five years, it is essential to apply the modern methods of food production developed in the industrial countries. This would allow double or threefold and more the yield on the same area of land. The available reserves of food production in all--taking the land reserves and the still more important progress in agricultural methods together--are so great that fear of general hunger through the exhaustion of resources, even with a world population of ten milliards, must be regarded as totally unfounded and misleading. This is so, however, only when all available forces for this great task are activated and put into productive action. In the industrial countries with their at present extremely high level of nutrition, which had never before in history been reached, a great increase of food production has been achieved in comparison with the former primitive and low productive agriculture. It would, however, be an inversion of the cause and effect to believe that the improvement of the nutrition standard was caused primarily by the increase in food production. The initial stimulus derived from the increase in income, purchasing power and demand at first for more, and later for better nutrition, which came with the industrialisation. This gave the impulse to agriculture to make better use of the given great possibilities to produce progressively more food by applying the continually improving agricultural technology and higher investment. Gradually the nutritional standard of the masses in the industrial countries has reached, thanks to the high purchasing power of the masses, many times the level at the beginning of industrialisation and also the level of most developing countries. A look back into the past and the present conditions in the Third World shows that each phase of development, with its typical average income, has a certain standard of nutrition...     

提高高炉风口寿命的研究进展

风口是高炉冶炼送风的关键部件，恶劣的工作环境导致其经常破损。本文从改进风口材质及其表面强化处理两方面阐述国内外提高风口使用寿命的研究进展，并探讨了提高风口寿命的途径。     

Survey of Irrigation Methods in California in 2001

Reliable information on irrigation methods is important for determining agricultural water demand trends. Therefore, a study was conducted during 2002 to collect information on irrigation methods that were used by growers to irrigate their crops in 2001. The results were compared to earlier surveys to assess trends in cropping and irrigation methods. A one-page questionnaire was developed to collect information on irrigated land by crop and irrigation methods. The questionnaire was mailed to 10,000 growers in California that were randomly selected from a list of 58,000 growers by the California Department of Food and Agriculture, excluding rice, dry-land, and livestock producers. From 1972 to 2002, the area planted has increased from 15 to 31% for orchards and from 6 to 16% for vineyards. The area planted to vegetables has remained relatively static, while that planted to field crops has declined from 67 to 42% of the irrigated area. The land irrigated by low-volume (drip and microsprinkler) irrigation has increased by about 33%, while the amount of land irrigated by surface methods has decreased by about 31%. Sprinkler usage has decreased in orchards and vineyards, but it has increased in vegetable crops.     

金川矿区矿山地质环境恢复治理对策研究

金川铜镍矿开采已有五十多年,长期大规模的矿产资源开发对矿区地质环境产生了巨大影响,矿区土地资源占用损毁问题严重,采矿工程诱发滑坡、崩塌、地面塌陷等地质灾害问题日趋严重。笔者通过对金川矿山地质环境问题和常用恢复治理方法研究分析,提出金川矿区地质环境恢复治理应针对结果和潜在地质灾害现状,主要采用传统工程地质治理方法,加固不稳定地质体并结合水文地质结构修建排水工程,达到有效控制消除不良地质环境影响,达到修复和改善矿山生态环境的目的。