基于Labview的圆度误差测量的研究

介绍了一种基于Labview和CCD成像的圆度误差测量系统,可以实现速度快、精度高、无损伤的测量。     

圆度误差检测方法现状与展望

介绍了目前的圆度误差检测方法的原理和特点,着重讨论了近年来出现的新型圆度误差检测手段,最后展望了圆度误差检测方法的发展趋势。     

圆度及圆柱度误差的CAT系统的研制

本文首先建立了以绝对坐标法检测圆度、圆柱度误差的理论模型，分析了测量系统误差对测量结果的影响，最后介绍了ＣＡＴ系统的软、硬件组成。     

利用PLC实现外圆磨削圆度误差在线测量

一直以来，圆度误差在线测量都离不开对主轴的误差分离，而误差分离又因为计算时间的限制影响测量的实时性。文章介绍了利用球顶尖装卡工件实现圆度误差在线测量的方法，并给出具体实验装置。指出在外圆磨削加工中实现圆度误差在线测量的重要意义。     

虚拟圆度采集系统设计

介绍了一种基于LabVIEW的虚拟圆度采集系统.系统采用自行设计的圆度采集卡,完成圆度数据的测量和数字转换,利用LabVIEW的开发环境实现圆度数据的处理和显示.     

小波变换技术在圆度误差检测中的应用

针对圆度误差非接触检测过程中原始信号包含多频率成分的特点,提出采用小波变换进行信号的滤波处理。介绍了小波理论及快速变换算法的基本原理,讨论了运用小波变换分析处理实测信号的具体步骤。推导了基于小波变换的最小二乘圆法评定圆度误差的理论模型。并通过实验说明了小波变换处理圆度误差的方法和效果。     

超精密车削加工中的圆度补偿

本文展示了这样一种可能性，即综合计算机、动态检测、信号处理、控制理论、微位移技术等，开发一种主轴回转运动误差补偿技术，来提高超精密车削工件的圆度。在国产Ｓ１—２３５超精密车床上进行切削试验表明：工件圆度可改善５０％以上，圆度值优于０．０５μｍ．     

一种基于数字图像的圆度测量方法

本文主要研究基于数字图像处理技术进行非接触测量轴类零件圆度的方法,首先对CCD摄像机采集到的图像进行处理,然后对处理后的图像进行边缘检测,最后运用极点拟合法进行圆度误差的评定。该方法具有很好的实时性,可以实现在线式非接触测量。通过实验证明,使用极点拟合法评定圆度误差,不仅可以提高测量精度,并且避免了圆度误差评价的非线性求解问题,运算简单,速度快,可应用于实际圆度测量数据的处理。     

超精密车削加工中的圆度补偿

本文展示了这样一种可能性，即综合计算机，动态检测、信号处理、控制理论、微位移技术等，开发一种主轴回转运动误差补偿技术，来提高超精密车削工件的圆度在国产S1－235超精密车床上进行切削试验表明：工件圆度可改善50％以上，圆度值优于0．05μm。     

孔径圆度自动测量及数据处理

传统的圆度检测手段存在效率低、设备投资大和互换性差等不同缺点。已有的自动检测装置要求测量装置中心与被测件圆心必须重合。针对上述问题提出基于计算机和传感器技术的圆度自动检测系统的设计。在检测装置中心与被测件圆心不重合时,利用软件根据检测数据计算被测孔圆心坐标,进而实现对孔圆度的计算,速度快,精度高。     

基于线结构光视觉传感器的圆孔定位误差分析

针对空间圆（类圆）孔几何量测量,传统视觉测量方法一般采用双目立体模型,基于立体像对实现对圆孔空间位置的测量,由于传感器成本、体积、重量等的限制,在特殊视觉系统,尤其在发展迅速的基于工业机器人平台的柔性视觉检测系统中均凸显其不足。本文基于单摄像机架构的线结构光视觉传感器,提出圆（类圆）孔定位两步法,并对被测圆心x ,y ,z 向坐标测量误差进行了详细讨论和分析。通过对被测圆心定位误差的分析计算,在实际测量应用中,z 向测量精度可以优于±0.25mm,x, y 向测量精度优于±0.006mm。研究结果表明该方法切实可行,可以满足实际测量需求,极大地扩展了线结构光视觉传感器的应用范围。     

基于检测状态模型的飞机结构件在线检测路径规划

针对飞机结构件在线检测路径规划中零件工艺模型伴随加工过程动态变化、检测工艺复杂的难点,提出了基于检测状态模型的飞机结构件在线检测路径规划方法。检测状态模型以特征为载体,以干涉特征和虚路径表达干涉规避、路径优化等知识和经验,并随着加工过程动态扩充。基于检测状态模型,按照检测操作级、检测特征级、特征自身级三级实现了在线检测路径规划。根据以上研究,基于CATIA V5开发的在线检测数据自动生成系统已在某大型航空企业中得到成功应用。     

Reparability measurement of vision sensor in active stereo visual system

The active visual inspection has made giant strides in development. Due to the complexity of field conditions, the binocular stereo vision sensor in active stereo visual inspection system is difficult to acquire the ideal image pair under the poor illumination environment, or cannot work normally because one of two cameras is damaged. To solve the practical problem, a reparability method of the vision sensor in active stereo visual inspection system is proposed. Based on the traditional measurement platform with a structured stripe projector and two industrial cameras, a reparability mathematical model is established, which merges the measurement mode of the stereo vision and the structured light vision to inspect feature points based on the reparability measurement model. Meanwhile, a mathematical model and calibration method of the structured light vision are developed based on the homography between the image and light plane. The method greatly improved the stability and reliability of measurement data. It is proven by experiment that the method is valid, which can accomplish reparability tasks commendably and achieve uninterrupted inspection of feature points in the actual industrial applications.     

机器视觉在烟包包装检测中的应用

机器视觉是建立在图像处理技术研究基础上的一门新兴检测技术．基于视觉传感器的检测系统具有抗干扰能力强,效率高,组成简单等优点．随着计算机软件．硬件技术的发展,以及机器视觉理论的完善,机器视觉越来越多地应用到工业生产现场的在线．非接触检测及监控。本文提出了一种基于PC板卡式的机器视觉检测方案．用于烟草行业中进行烟包包装检测。     

基于双目视觉的车辆行驶跑偏在线自动检测系统

为了解决车辆行驶跑偏测量问题,研制了一种车辆行驶跑偏在线自动检测系统。该系统通过建立的双目机器视觉模型实现了车辆行驶跑偏量的自动测量,研制的大视场激光光源解决了测量中的环境干扰问题,采用优化数据处理算法解决了测量精度不高的难题,构建的无线网络测试系统实现了车辆行驶跑偏在线自动检测。该系统测量精度高、运行稳定可靠,可广泛应用于汽车生产企业及各种车辆检测线上车辆行驶跑偏量的在线自动测量。     

CNC加工动态基准视觉检测新工艺研究

由于CNC加工过程中工序间误差累积,严重影响数控加工精度。为此提出一种CCD视觉检测新工艺来实现加工动态基准的在线检测和误差补偿。研究动态基准的视觉特征提取方法,获取加工基准位置和误差;采用嵌入式控制技术,实现视觉图像的在线采集和处理;视诊测头像普通刀具一样通过标准锥柄安装在加工中心刀库中,通过CNC程序代码实现一体化控制功能。针对汽车关键件的验证,得出视诊测头检测精度达到0.03 mm,与基于触发式测头的CNC在线检测方法相比,检测效率提高近3倍,证明了该检测工艺在检测精度及效率上均能够满足生产线自动化检测需求。     

基于工业机器人的三维形貌自动化测量系统

为了满足工业产品在线形貌测量的需求,设计了基于机器人的三维形貌自动化测量系统。对系统组成和系统工作过程进行了阐述,针对扫描测头测量范围有限的特点,提出一种基于标记点的图像拼接方法。试验表明,该系统能够反映被测物表面的基本情况;该方法能够避免繁多的标记点,对被测物影响小,保持被测表面的原有形貌,自动化程度高,能够适用于工业生产的在线测量。     

基于张力测量的板形检测技术

板形检测是板形控制系统的重要组成部分,本文介绍了板形检测仪的工作原理和目前国内外应用的板形检测技术,重点介绍了基于张力测量原理的板形检测,分析了在线板形检测仪对带钢板形控制的重要影响,并展望了张力计板形仪的发展方向。     

Repeatability/Linearity Study and Measurement Loss Cost Analysis of an Automatic Gauge

Computer-aided inspection (CAI) has become one of the fundamental steps in advanced manufacturing by employing automatic gauges. However, it is necessary to provide a more practical way to evaluate CAI on-line efficiency. Since a gauge capability study should be conducted before applying any automatic gauge, the necessary off-line gauge assesment for CAI is introduced in this paper. An R&R (repeatability/reproducibility) study is commonly conducted in the gauge capability study, but in this paper, an R&L (repeatability/linearity) study of a machine vision system is investigated and introduced. The ANOVA approach and regression approach are applied and compared to study the linearity effect. The measurement loss cost includes extra costs (i.e. costs of discarding, reworking, inspection, and quality loss) that arise from measurement error. These costs are analysed by interpreting the relationships between manufacturing capability, gauge capability, and the tolerance. As most gauge capability studies were conducted for the bilateral tolerance inspection, unbalanced tolerance inspection is considered here. The way that the relative costs contribute to the measurement loss cost is also studied. Rather than using a constant measurement error determined by previous observations, the measurement error model is embedded in the relative cost models. Users can then evaluate CAI on-line efficiency by incorporating the measurement error when the tolerances are rapidly changed to satisfy customer requirements.     

A fast full-field 3D measurement system for BGA coplanarity inspection

Ball-Grid-Array (BGA) has become one of the most popular packaging techniques in the electronics industry. Coplanarity inspection of BGA solder balls is critical for process and quality control in BGA manufacturing. Currently, the 3D measurement systems for BGA coplanarity inspection are mainly based on laser scanning techniques. However, they suffer from low inspection speed due to the physical line-scanning process. In this paper, a fast and cost-effective 3D measurement system for coplanarity inspection of BGA solder balls is proposed. The proposed system uses an LCD-based phase measuring technique to perform full-field 3D measurement of BGA solder balls with high accuracy. Experiments have shown that the coplanarity measurement of BGA solder balls is very efficient and effective with the proposed system. The measurement repeatability is in the micrometer range. The processing time of the proposed 3D measurement system for an image of 640×480 pixels is less than 2 s on a typical personal computer.