基于二维浅水方程的城市地面洪水演进数值模拟研究

探究城市内涝灾害数值预报对城市的防洪减灾及灾害评估具有重要意义。基于三角形非结构网格,采用Godunov型有限体积法建立了一个高精度的二维浅水水动力数值模型。该模型使用Roe格式计算界面通量,可以较好地捕捉洪水的动边界运动,模型将静水压力项放入源项中,减少了由于地形底坡项带来的数值解伪震荡。该模型对动边界以及负水深处理技术进行了改进,能够有效提高模型模拟的精确度和静水和谐性。在应用3个算例对模型进行率定的基础上,将模型应用于浑河、太子河之间浑太胡同区域的地表洪水演进的模拟中。结果表明:浑太胡同内洪水演进的水深、流场变化均较为合理,组合溃堤各水深淹没面积均为最大,模拟结果很好地验证了城市区域雨洪的流动演变过程,证明该模型可以用于复杂地形的城市由降水形成的暴雨积水及地表洪水演进模拟过程,模型可快速为城市防汛减灾提供积水情况及涝情信息。     

一种水源热泵供水的理想水源——以重庆南温泉洗浴废水为例

水源热泵一般采用地下水作为水源,而长期抽取地下水将引起地面沉降、水质污染恶化,开辟新的水源热泵,具有十分重要的节能意义。温泉洗浴废水与一般的地下水相比,除水温不同外,还含有大量有机物、微生物。通过检测重庆南温泉洗浴废水水质,结果表明:废水钙镁离子含量、硫酸根离子含量超出了《浅层地热能勘查评价规范》标准,而浑浊度、矿化度、pH值、氯离子含量和二氧化硅含量均能满足水源热泵供水水质要求;有机物浓度较高,存在生物污染。如对此类废水采取相应的处理措施,水量稳定、水温高于常温的温泉洗浴废水不失为一种水源热泵供水的理想水源。     

DEVELOPMENT OF TWO-DIMENSIONAL HYDRODYNAMIC AND WATER QUALITY MODEL FOR HUANGPU RIVER

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DEVELOPMENT OF COUPLED 1D-2D MATHEMATICAL MODELS FOR TIDAL RIVERS

Some coupled 1D-2D hydrodynamic and water quality models depicting tidal water bodies with complex topography were presented. For the coupled models, finite element method was used to solve the governing equations so as to study tidal rivers with complex topography. Since the 1D and 2D models were coupled, the principle of model coupling was proposed to account appropriately for the factors of water level, flow and pollutant flux and the related dynamical behavior was simulated. Specifically the models were used to probe quantitative pollution contribution of receiving water from neighboring Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces to the pollution in the Huangpu River passing through Shanghai City. Numerical examples indicated that the developed coupled 1D-2D models are applicable in tidal river network region of Shanghai.     

A COUPLED MODEL OF HYDRODYNAMICS AND WATER QUALITY FOR YUQIAO RESERVOIR IN HAIHE RIVER BASIN

In order to simulate the characteristics of hydrodynamic field and mass transport processes in the Yuqiao Reservoir （YQR）, a 2-D coupled model of hydrodynamics and water quality was developed, and the water-quality related state variables in this model included CODMn, TN and TP. The hydrodynamic model was driven by employing observed winds and daily measured flow data to simulate the seasonal water cycle of the reservoir. The simulation of the mass transport and transformation processes of CODMn, TN and TP was based on the unsteady diffusion equations, driven by observed meteorological forcing and external loadings, with the fluxes form the bottom of reservoir and the plant photosynthesis and respiration as internal sources and sinks. A finite volume method and Alternating Direction Implicit （ADI） scheme were used to solve these equations. The model was calibrated and verified by using the data observed from YQR in two different years. The results showed that in YQR, the wind-driven current was an important style of lake current, while the concentration of water quality item was decreasing from east to west because of the external pollutant loadings. There was a good agreement between the simulated and measured values, with the minimal calculation error percent of 0.1% and 2.6% and the mean error percent of 44.0% and 51.2% for TN and TP separately. The simulation also showed that, in YQR, the convection was the main process in estuaries of inflow river, and diffusion and biochemical processes dominate in center of reservoir. So it was necessary to build a pre-pond to reduce the external loadings into the reservoir.     

Water Currents in the St. Clair and Detroit Rivers

A 2-D hydrodynamic finite element model (RMA-2V) with mesh generation tools (Fast-TABS) is used to simulate the current velocities in the St. Clair and Detroit rivers. The required shorelines and spot depths were digitized from the bathymetric charts and the NOS (National Ocean Service) hydrographic database using Geographic Information Systems technology. The field data obtained from the tracking of drogues via aerial time-lapse photography were used to calibrate the model. A statistical comparison between field and simulated data revealed a very good agreement between the simulated and observed currents.     

淤沙在坝--库水--地基系统动力时程响应中的影响研究

采用Arbitrary—Largrangian—Eulerian有限单元方法模拟坝——库水--地基系统,库水作为粘性微可压缩流体、淤沙作为饱和液体-固体两相介质处理。首先针对淤沙厚度为零情形时动水压力值与Westergnard解进行对比,其次对物理实验模型进行数值模拟并进行结果对比验证,表明此方法有较好精度。最后以阿海重力坝为例,探讨了不同厚度淤沙对于坝面动水压力、坝体位移响应等的影响情况。     

港珠澳大桥对珠江口水域水动力影响的数值模拟

港珠澳大桥连接香港、珠海和澳门三地,横跨珠江口水域,大桥沿线大量的桥墩和海中人工岛必将对珠江口水域的水动力环境产生影响.采用平面二维潮流数学模型模拟了建桥前后珠江口水域的水动力变化和影响程度,采用非结构网格模拟桥墩和人工岛的形状,有限体积法求解水沙控制方程.模拟结果表明,大桥工程引起的水动力变化区域主要集中在东、西人工岛上下游各5 km及非通航区桥位上下游各1 km范围以内水域,对珠江口水域的水动力分布格局基本不产生影响.     

海上溢油漂移扩散的数值模拟

该文基于三维自由水面垂向分层动网格的Euler-Lagrangian模式,采用VC方式(Vertex-Centered)的非结构化有限体积方法离散三维浅水方程,模拟渤海的潮汐水流运动过程。以此为水动力背景场,采用油、水分离的Lagrangian粒子追踪模型,对渤海海域发生的溢油漂移扩散问题进行模拟。其油品的蒸发、乳化和溶解等风化作用以引入综合衰减系数的方式考虑。模型对油膜的漂移路径、厚度和面积进行了实时模拟和预测,用多个测站的同步连续实测值对水动力模式进行了参数率定与模型验证,油膜输运扩散的计算结果也与相关报告数据进行了对比,均吻合良好,说明模型具有较高的可靠性与重现性。     

大型浅水湖泊水动力特性数值分析

准确模拟太湖水流动态变化特性及水动力特征对模拟、预测污染物迁移转化规律以及理解水流运动与污染物相互作用机制具有重要的实用价值。以环境流体力学(EFDC)模型为基础,收集2009年-2010年水文、气象数据及湖区地形数据,并考虑引江济太工程对湖区的影响,建立符合太湖湖区水流特性的水动力模型。模型模拟结果表明最大风向、最大风速的组合方式模拟出来的流场情况最接近真实湖体流场,引江济太工程对湖流的影响微小,模型的水动力模拟效果良好。     

西江金利镇段的水流-水质数值模拟研究

建立了基于有限体积法的二维水流水质数学模型体系,并采用水位床底方程法（ Water Level bottom topography Formulation, WLF）处理底坡源项,保证计算格式的和谐性。将模型运用到西江金利镇段水流水质数值模拟中,模拟得到西江金利段水动力情况与实测值吻合度高,同时预测得到的污染物浓度较合理。模拟结果表明,有必要对金利镇生活污水及生产废水采取措施,加强区域环境管理,以保障该河段水质安全。     

闽江下游河床演变水质影响数值模拟

本文在对闽江下游河道现状充分调查的基础上,建立了闽江下游(水口坝下～闽江口)二维水动力、水质数值模型,并利用各水文站、测流断面的水位、流量观测结果对模型进行验证.然后,应用该模型定量化研究河床演变下闽江下游各排污口污染带对主要取水口的影响程度,并提出对策措施.     

青海省盐湖集团供水二期水源地数值模拟

针对山前冲洪积扇傍河水源地共有的水文地质条件,建立地下水流数学模型,采用Visual Modflow软件,选取极富水地段进行地下水数值模拟研究。在综合分析格尔木河冲洪积扇水文地质条件基础上,确定三维边界条件,建立水文地质条件概念模型及数学模型,通过对地下水梯度场、降速场与实测资料的识别与验证,模拟的流场形态与观测值及地下水动态拟合度较高,符合研究区水文地质条件。模型对10年内丰、平、枯水期降水频率下的开采方案结果及水均衡状态进行了预测,结果表明,拟建水源地所需的可开采水量(新增13.2万m3/d)基本可行。     

NUMERICAL INVESTIGATION OF SEABED INTERACTION IN TIME DOMAIN ANALYSIS OF MOORING CABLES

1. INTRODUCTION Seabed interaction of mooring cables influences the dynamic behavior of the mooring system (see Fig.1). As moored structures are widely used in the offshore oil and gas industry, there is a continuing need to improve the designs of such st…     

重力坝坝体—库水相互作用的振动台试验研究

结合某重力坝工程,进行了坝体—库水动力相互作用的振动台动力模型试验,研究库水对大坝自振频率及坝面动水压力的影响,同时辅以数值计算,将目前工程上应用广泛的韦斯特伽德库水附加质量模型以及库水有限元模型的计算结果与模型试验成果进行比较。结果表明,库水有限元附加质量模型能更好模拟库水对坝体动力特性和地震动力反应的影响,而韦斯特伽德库水附加质量模型夸大了库水的动力影响,建议在适当折减的基础上采用。     

引汉济渭秦岭隧洞突涌水原因及涌水量预测

针对隧洞开挖施工中常见的隧洞突涌水等地质灾害问题,在分析隧洞涌水区域水文地质条件、有限元渗流计算和达西定律的基础上,研究秦岭隧洞椒溪河段开挖涌水原因并预测涌水量。研究表明:在涌水发生的初期,涌水集中渗漏通道由断层泥及断层角砾填充,发生的流动为渗流,通过有限差分软件数值计算求得的隧洞开挖初期涌水量与实际隧洞开挖涌水初始阶段的涌水量非常接近;在涌水稳定阶段,涌水集中渗流通道发生类管涌的水力破坏,通过集中渗漏通道流入隧洞内的流量为1 671.55 m3/h,与现场实测隧洞涌水稳定时的最大涌水量1 700 m3/h接近。研究成果可应用于水文地质条件类似的隧洞工程涌水量计算。     

考虑坝体柔性的重力坝坝面地震动水压力计算

为了准确模拟地震作用下重力坝坝面动水压力,采用比例边界有限元与有限元的无缝耦合理论,提出了一种考虑坝体和库底柔性的坝面动水压力计算方法。该方法采用比例边界有限元的理论,可仅离散坝水交界面实现半无限库水的高效高精度模拟,且能方便考虑库水的可压缩性以及库底和岸坡的吸收作用;采用有限元离散坝体结构,通过作用在大坝迎水面上的动水压力实现对大坝-库水系统的求解。算例计算结果表明,该方法计算得到的重力坝坝面动水压力与已有文献计算结果吻合较好;坝体柔性削弱了坝面动水压力;坝面动水压力随库底反射系数的减小而减小。     

考虑岩体与裂隙水流热量交换作用的温度场有限元数值分析

裂隙岩体的温度场是岩体多场耦合中重要的研究内容之一,也是国内外研究的热点和难点问题之一。基于热传导方程的基础上,建立考虑岩体与裂隙水流热量交换作用的温度场数学模型,采用有限单元法进行了数值求解。研究结果表明:当岩块温度与水流温度存在温度差值时,二者之间会有一定的热量传递,并最终稳定于二者之间的某一温度。所建立的裂隙岩体温度场数学模型为裂隙岩体多场耦合分析奠定了一定的基础。     

Numerical modeling of flow and scouring around a cofferdam

When planning river hydraulic structures, the analysis of the hydrodynamic and bed elevation change is of great importance, particularly the assessment of the scour depth around a cofferdam. In this study, the flow field variation and the corresponding scour depth was simulated using two-dimensional hydrodynamic analysis and a bed-load transport model. The hydrodynamic model used the streamlined upwind Petrov–Galerkin (SUPG) finite element scheme to solve the Reynolds-averaged turbulent flow equations. Based on the results of flow field analysis, the bed-load transport model was able to simulate the scour hole development, where it was shown that velocity gradients dramatically increase due to the existence of hydraulic structures. The applicability of the model was tested by simulating the velocity field and bed elevation changes around the cofferdam constructed during the Lock and Dam No. 26 replacement project in the Mississippi River. The model created in this study is able to estimate the maximum scour depth, determine the configuration of the cofferdam to suggest changes to reduce any local scour, and suggest if protection materials around the cofferdam are needed.     

全息水资源动力模型的研究与探讨

通过对水资源循环系统的分析与研究,提出建立全息水资源动力模型的设想,将气象、水文、水动力和地理信息综合为一个整体,模拟水循环过程的主要环节。全息水资源动力模型需要多学科、多部门联合组建,各部门的协调和资料、资源共享是保证模型正常运转的必备条件。全息水资源动力模型的运行模拟是一个具有系统工程特色的研究和管理过程,需要政府的政策规范和组织实施。全息水资源动力模型的技术组成需要多种部件构成,部件的每一部分都是水资源存在形式、分布规律和运动过程的模拟和分析。