燃料组件铁路运输栓系系统安全分析

某反应堆燃料组件的运输采用铁路运输,燃料组件运输容器的代号为MTR-D,采用栓系系统固定运输容器.针对燃料组件运输容器MTR-D,已经完成了正常和事故条件下的安全性分析.为论证栓系系统是否满足强度方面的要求,是否能够保证货包不会前后、左右以及垂直方向的移动,本工作采用经验公式,计算了运输过程中货包承受的力,同时校核了压紧螺杆的稳定性.计算结果表明,运输栓系系统能满足铁路运输燃料组件的要求.     

AP1000新燃料组件运输货包的临界安全计算

新燃料组件运输过程中最主要的核安全问题是临界安全。在对运输货包进行临界安全分析中必须要同时考虑多货包阵列形式、事故后货包损伤情况、最佳水慢化条件等因素。本文采用MCNP程序针对美国西屋公司XL型运输容器装载AP1000新燃料组件货包的实例进行了临界安全计算。结果表明,在XL型运输容器设计许可书中允许装载货包数N=75的限制条件下,临界安全是有保障的。     

CEFR-MOX新燃料组件运输货包临界安全计算

易裂变材料运输过程中重要的安全问题之一是临界安全。在对运输货包进行临界安全分析中必须要同时考虑多货包阵列形式、事故后货包损伤对临界安全影响、最佳水慢化条件等因素。本文采用MCNP 程序针对CEFR-MOX新燃料组件运输货包进行了临界安全计算。计算结果表明:MCNP程序(采用核截面库为ENDF/B-V库)对本问题的次临界限值为0.924 6;正常运输条件下无限个运输货包的最大k_eff值为0.574 4,运输事故条件下无限个运输货包的最大k_eff值为0.659 7。根据临界安全指数的定义,确定CEFR-MOX新燃料组件运输货包的临界安全指数为0。     

高温气冷堆新燃料运输货包的撞击事故分析

介绍了高温气冷堆新燃料运输货包严重撞击事故的仿真计算分析方法。根据实际货包结构及运输条件,确定了分析的严重撞击事故景象。通过有限元法计算分析了货包在不同姿态、不同速度下的碰撞结果,给出了容器不同部分及所装载的燃料组件的损坏情况。在此基础上,计算了严重事故景象下有效增殖因子k_eff。     

中国先进研究堆新燃料组件运输的临界安全分析

在新燃料组件运输过程中,临界安全是重点。使用MCNP程序对中国先进研究堆新燃料组件的运输进行临界安全计算分析,通过选取最不利临界安全的次临界限值、组件模型参数、事故工况来保证计算结果的保守性。结果表明,运输货包的临界安全指数可确定为0。该结果可为中国先进研究堆（CARR）的新燃料组件运输容器的研发提供参考依据。     

CNSC乏燃料组件运输容器临界安全分析

临界安全作为乏燃料组件运输容器的一项重要安全指标,需经过计算和分析以判断其是否满足法规标准。为分析中国核工业集团有限公司(China National Nuclear Corporation,CNSC)乏燃料组件运输容器临界安全设计是否满足《放射性物品安全运输规程》的要求,使用蒙特卡罗程序MCNP(Monte Carlo N Particle Transport Code)构建了保守临界计算模型,对正常和事故工况下CNSC乏燃料组件运输容器进行了临界计算分析。分析表明:正常运输条件下单个货包和货包阵列的k_(eff)最大值为0.804 25,小于次临界限值,临界安全指数为0;事故工况下单个货包和货包阵列的k_(eff)最大值为0.813 17,小于次临界限值,临界安全指数为0。可见,正常和事故工况下,CNSC乏燃料组件运输容器的keff最大值均小于0.94的次临界限值,临界安全指数为0,满足法规标准要求。     

中国先进研究堆标准燃料组件堆外水力稳定性试验

中国先进研究堆（CARR）标准燃料组件由滚压在两块侧板上的21块燃料板组成。堆外水力试验的目的是考验在水力冲刷条件下燃料组件的结构稳定性。试验件是按照正式产品制造工艺制造的贫铀组件,试验平均流速为12m/s,是满功率运行流速的120％。先后试验了2个组件,第1个组件试验60d,是满功率运行时间的120％,试验后观察到固定下定位梳的销钉松动,下定位梳严重磨损了燃料板;工艺改进后制造的第2个组件试验120d,是满功率运行时间的240％,试验表明,第2个组件结构完整。试验中对组件结构稳定性和燃料板腐蚀性能,诸如组件的压差、燃料板振动、包壳表面腐蚀深度等进行了研究。     

燃料组件修复系统设计与验证

为充分利用辐照后燃料组件,结合其密集型和重量轻的特点,提出了一种燃料组件的修复工艺,设计了一套辐照后燃料组件修复系统,对关键零部件进行了详细设计并采用ANSYS软件进行抗震校核。结果表明,燃料组件修复系统主体框架应力和变形均满足要求;通过工程试验样机验证,辐照后燃料组件修复系统能够安全可靠地实现具有密集型棒束特点的燃料组件的拆卸和复装作业,为辐照后燃料组件再次入堆创造了条件。     

放射性物质运输货包力学试验评价技术

放射性物质运输容器是放射性物质安全运输的唯一物理屏障,运输容器需能抵抗可能的碰撞事故,GB 11806和IAEA的SSR-6针对碰撞事故情景规定了相应的力学试验项目。本文结合GB 11806和SSR-6规定的试验要求,介绍了中国辐射防护研究院自由下落冲击力学试验装置和应力、加速度、形变、影像测量系统。针对3m3六氟化铀运输容器、XAYT-Ⅰ型医用伽马刀治疗头及密封放射源运输容器、ZHQY-QG-001型退役辐照源运输容器,采用试验和有限元仿真计算相结合的方法,分别研究了容器关键部件的形变、应力、加速度数据在容器安全性能评价中的应用。结果表明,综合应用有限元仿真计算与试验技术,采集和分析影像、应力、加速度、形变等数据,可分析货包结构失效模式和评价货包安全性能。     

货包和包装的设计要求（第7章讲解）

1.一般要求(7.1)a、“使其(指货包)能容易和安全地装卸及运输”包括了在运输中能恰当地固定在交通工具内或交通工具上。货包固定的要求出自下述一些原因:1)在运输过程中,小货包如果没有固定,则可能摔倒或     

Handling spent nuclear fuel and radioactive wastes on the shore servicing base in Gremikha

The situation which has developed at the shore base in Gremikha involving fuel assemblies in the removed cores of water-moderated water-cooled reactors (first-generation submarines), which are located on an open site in containers and receiving chambers, and involving solid and liquid radioactive wastes present at the base is examined. Data are presented on the number of fuel assemblies and their technical state and on the state and amount of solid and liquid radioactive wastes. Suggestions on what should be done with the fuel assemblies and wastes are discussed. __________ Translated from Atomnaya énergiya, Vol. 101, No. 1, pp. 61–65, July, 2006.     

超临界水冷堆双排燃料组件子通道分析

研究基于Cobra-IV程序,开发了适用于超临界水冷堆燃料组件分析的子通道程序.针对超临界水冷堆慢谱双排组件,进行了稳态计算,获取了相关组件热工水力参数.在此基础上,针对单一通道进行了瞬态计算,分析了燃料棒线功率变化和冷却剂流量变化条件下,超临界水冷堆燃料组件的流动和传热的动态响应,为超临界水冷堆组件的优化设计提供了参考.     

压水堆中使用分立型铀、钍燃料组件的堆芯物理特性研究

通过对分立型铀、钍燃料组件 ,使用在秦山 30 0MW电功率压水堆核电厂中堆芯物理特性的探讨 ,寻找2 3 2 Th在PWR中可能利用的途径。为此 ,特采用铀、钍燃料组件分立的双进料系统的装卸料方法 ,其堆芯寿期分别为铀组件 3个循环 ;钍组件 1 0个循环。并以秦山核电厂为参考电厂 ,进行了 1 0个循环的燃耗计算 ,每一循环装料时均有 4个钍组件进堆。计算结果表明 :到第 1 0循环寿期末 ,堆芯中 40个钍组件所含的2 3 3 U总量已达到 2 1 2 6kg ,可直接参与堆芯的链式反应 ,从而达到利用2 3 2 Th的目的。并可同全铀组件堆芯比较中看出 ,分立型铀、钍组件混装堆芯每一循环 (第 1 0循环后 )可少装 2 0 0多kg2 3 5U ,这样就为钍 铀燃料循环展示了光明的前景。当然如果要达到实际应用 ,仍有许多工程技术问题亟待解决     

核燃料组件运输容器隔振系统的振动分析

进行了核燃料组件运输容器隔振系统橡胶块的特性试验，测定了橡胶块的静态和动态拉压刚摩和剪切刚度，采用自由振动方法测定了橡胶块的拉压阻尼和剪切阻尼。建立了运输容器隔振系统的数学模型．对隔振系统的幅频特性和隔振传递率进行了分析，确定了系统各运动的共振频率。对运输容器系统受来自运载工具如铁道车辆或公路车辆的纵向冲击情况下的隔振性能进行了研究，导出了运载工具冲击加速度允许值的解析式，并进行了计算和分析。     

Accuracy of nuclear design of fast and thermal neutron coupled core by SRAC

Supercritical-pressure light water cooled fast reactor adopts the blanket fuel assemblies with depleted uranium fuel and zirconium hydride layer in the core for negative coolant void reactivity. Thermal neutrons are generated in the core of fast reactor. It is called “fast and thermal neutron coupled core”. The purpose of the present study is to examine the accuracy of assembly and core calculations including preparation of the macroscopic cross sections with the SRAC code system for “fast and thermal neutron coupled core” in comparison with the Monte Carlo codes, MVP and MVP-BURN. Accuracy of the neutron multiplication factor and coolant void reactivity calculation has been evaluated in four types of cores of different fractions of the blanket fuel assembly with zirconium hydride rods. The conventional analysis is based on the macroscopic cross sections which are prepared with infinite lattice. The conventional SRAC calculation underestimates the neuron multiplication factor for all types of cores. Other findings are that the conventional SRAC calculation overestimates coolant void reactivity for the cores without zirconium hydride rods, and underestimates coolant void reactivity for the core of all blanket fuel assemblies having zirconium hydride rods. To overcome these problems, it has been proposed that the macroscopic cross sections of seed fuel assembly are prepared with the model that a seed fuel assembly is surrounded by blanket fuel assemblies in order to take into account the effects of the surrounding fuel assemblies. Evaluations show that accuracy of the neutron multiplication factor by the SRAC calculation can be improved by the proposed method.     

Analysis of accidents leading to local flow stagnation in parallel fuel channels of RBMK-type reactors

The RBMK-type nuclear power reactors, still operating in Russia, are graphite-moderated with vertical fuel channels, using low-enriched nuclear fuel. The main challenge, which leads to the overheating of the fuel assemblies, fuel channels and other core components in channel type nuclear reactors, is a misbalance between heat generation in core structures and heat sink, which can appear due to the loss of coolant accident. In this accidental case, the emergency core cooling system ensures the core cooling. In RBMK-type reactors this system consists of hydro-accumulators and a number of pumps, taking water from large water reservoirs. This equipment injects water into the fuel channels through the group distribution headers at high pressure. However, the direct supply of cold water from emergency core cooling system into fuel channels is possible only if check valves on group distribution headers are closed properly. If these check valves failed, the part of water would be lost through the break, the flow stagnation in channels could occur, which might lead to overheating of fuel assemblies in the fuel channels. This paper presents the results of deterministic safety analysis, performed using system thermal hydraulic code RELAP5. Using this code the reactor cooling system of RBMK-1500 was modelled and analyses of loss of coolant accidents with failure of few check valves in group distribution headers were performed. The results of the calculations are used for the development of symptom-based emergency operating procedures for RBMK-1500. The basic principles that describe the complex distribution of water flows in vertical forced circulation circuit with parallel fuel channels can be adjusted for the RBMK-1000 reactors, still operating in Russia.     

反应堆乏燃料组件的破损检测

为了解决某反应堆101盒乏燃料组件外运送贮,对乏燃料组件破损检测方法进行了研究,在已有技术的基础上,根据自身的需求设计、加工了新的采样系统,设计了工作流程,并给出了测量数据的判断依据。该采样系统可以在水下实现一次对一批乏燃料组件进行逐个取样,每个样品对应一个确定的组件,检测效率高。测量破损检测样品101个,根据测量结果判断出1个样品含有85Kr,其余样品不含85Kr或是85Kr的含量低于该条件下仪器的探测限,表明101盒乏燃料组件中有1盒组件包壳存在破损情况,其余组件包壳未破损。     

我国核电站乏燃料公路/海运、铁路联运应急救援体系建设

乏燃料运输是核产业链的关键环节,随着我国核电产业的快速发展,乏燃料运输能力配置显著滞后,我国迫切需要建设乏燃料公海铁联运的运输模式。基于国内乏燃料公路运输应急救援体系,探讨了乏燃料铁路、海上运输及转运状态的应急救援体系建设,并讨论了联运应急救援决策支持系统的主要功能。     

Some aspects of nuclear and radiological safety of operating a spent nuclear fuel repository

A model of an irregular situation in a spent nuclear fuel repository with the introduction of excess reactivity into the system, consisting of containers with spent fuel assemblies and water, is examined. The neutron kinetics of a critical system is calculated taking account of the thermohydraulics of the system. The character of the flow of a short-time self-sustained chain reaction — “neutron burst” — is described. It is found that an excursion of the system in the range of reactivity introduction rates examined will result in heating of the system and self-quenching of the chain reaction by negative reactivity effects with respect to fuel temperature. Intense fluxes of fission neutrons and prompt gamma rays, accompanying a self-sustained chain reaction, are formed in the excursion process. A mixed neutron and gamma ray field near the system considered is investigated. __________ Translated from Atomnaya énergiya,Vol. 104, No. 3, pp. 141–147, March, 2008.