低分压CO_2回收新技术捕集水泥窑气中CO_2的侧线试验

设计了一套水泥窑气CO_2捕集的侧线试验装置,利用自主研发的复合胺溶剂捕集窑气中的CO_2。试验结果表明,新型复合胺溶剂能使净化气中CO_2体积分数降至1.41%以下,产品气中CO_2体积分数达到99%以上。采用该技术,可实现CO_2减排并获得高纯度的CO_2产品气,为企业的CO_2减排提供技术支持。     

低分压CO2回收新技术捕集水泥窑气中CO2的侧线试验

设计了一套水泥窑气CO2捕集的侧线试验装置,利用自主研发的复合胺溶剂捕集窑气中的CO2.试验结果表明.新型复合胺溶剂能使净化气中CO2体积分数降至1.41%以下,产品气中CO2体积分数达到99%以上.采用该技术,可实现CO2减排并获得高纯度的CO2产品气,为企业的CO2减排提供技术支持.     

燃煤电厂烟气CO_2捕集过程中再生能耗的研究

在自行设计搭建的3⁵ Nm5 Nm³/h的模试试验装置上,考察了不同再生能耗与新型胺基溶剂的吸收容量、再生性能和捕集率的关系,在此基础上,考察了新型胺基溶剂在不同的工艺参数(溶液循环量、原料气CO_2含量)条件下对再生能耗的影响。结果表明,在保证CO_2捕集率>90%条件下,新型胺基溶剂B的再生能耗较MEA法降低40%。     

燃煤电厂烟气CO_2捕集过程中再生能耗的研究

在自行设计搭建的3~5 Nm~3/h的模试试验装置上,考察了不同再生能耗与新型胺基溶剂的吸收容量、再生性能和捕集率的关系,在此基础上,考察了新型胺基溶剂在不同的工艺参数(溶液循环量、原料气CO_2含量)条件下对再生能耗的影响。结果表明,在保证CO_2捕集率90%条件下,新型胺基溶剂B的再生能耗较MEA法降低40%。     

油田燃煤电厂CO_2捕集纯化工程实践

CO2是一种温室气体,通过CO2收集、驱油技术,能将造成温室效应的气体用于提高原油采收率,同时减少工业生产中温室气体的排放。为了实现CO2的捕集纯化,胜利油田采用一乙醇胺溶液(MEA)化学吸收工艺捕集CO2。介绍了"低渗透油藏CO2驱油"重大先导试验,在胜利发电厂建设CO2捕集纯化装置,通过此装置收集稳定、廉价的CO2气体用于驱油生产实践。通过分析系统运行状况,对装置进行了一系列的试验、研究,总结了大量CO2捕集系统的工程应用经验。胜利油田CO2捕集项目,通过将大型燃煤电厂烟道气中CO2捕集纯化、安全输送等系列技术攻关,形成低能耗捕集纯化、运输的集成配套技术。     

水合物膜法捕集烟道气中CO_2新技术

综述了国内外对火电厂烟道气中温室气体二氧化碳的捕集回收技术、基本原理及各自的特点,并对其进行了比较.重点叙述了膜分离方法和水合物分离方法的原理和特点,提出了将膜分离技术和水合物分离技术结合起来形成的在多孔膜的微孔内形成水合物而达到分离效果的水合物膜分离方法,阐述了此方法的基本原理,开发了水合物膜分离方法的工艺流程并对其可行性和优势进行了讨论.     

从加拿大电厂烟道气回收探讨海上油气田CO_2捕集与储存方式

CO2是引起温室效应的主要气体之一,同时又是一种潜在的资源。如何减少CO2排放以及利用CO2资源是许多发达国家都在研究的重要课题。目前可用作地下CO2储存的大规模工业气源主要包括火力发电厂和炼油厂等,对于CO2的回收方法目前有:化学溶剂吸收法、物理吸附法、气体膜分离法、以及复合分离法等。本文通过分析加拿大Boundary Dam Power Plant电厂烟道气CO2回收工艺分析,探讨海上油田CO2捕集与储存方式。     

燃烧后CO_2捕集技术研究

对燃烧前、燃烧后CO2捕集以及富氧燃烧3种CO2捕集技术的特点,以及适用于燃煤电厂的燃烧后CO2捕集技术进行了介绍,分析了吸收分离法、吸附分离法和膜分离法的原理及优缺点。其中,化学吸收法应用最广,但再生能耗大,运行成本高;吸附法虽再生能耗小,但对CO2选择性低,吸附能力有限;膜分离法目前仍处于实验室研究阶段,但应用前景巨大。对上述技术整合形成复合技术以及对新材料进行开发将有助于克服现有CCS技术面临的困难。     

660MW燃煤机组百万吨CO_2捕集系统技术经济分析

为了解常规燃煤机组碳捕集系统的技术经济性,以基准情景为基础,根据国内某10万t CO_2燃烧后捕集系统的投资情况,利用生产能力指数法对5种脱碳情景的投资进行估算。在保证内部收益率为8%的前提下,分析了5种脱碳情景的上网电价、CO_2综合减排成本及其敏感性。结果表明,CO_2综合减排成本中,厂内碳捕集成本比例最大;随着燃料价格的上涨,CO_2综合减排成本逐渐增加;随着CO_2综合收益的增加,上网电价可以逐渐下降。     

化工业减排和CO_2捕集的开发进展

介绍了世界化工行业减排和CO2捕集的开发进展情况。     

膜分离捕集燃煤电厂烟气CO2过程优化设计

全球CO₂的排放量不断升高,导致气候问题频发。“双碳”目标下,如何高效、低成本地捕集燃煤电厂烟气CO₂已经成为迫在眉睫的问题。传统的化学吸收法由于能耗高、成本高、溶剂易挥发等问题严重制约了其发展,而膜法碳捕集因为其操作简单、能耗低、环境污染小等优势被认为是最有前景的捕集方式。本文以PI中空纤维膜为分离膜,建立和求解了气体分离膜模型。并以燃煤电厂烟气CO₂为捕集目标,利用多岛遗传算法求解了膜分离捕集CO₂工艺的不同配置,并优化了分离过程中的关键参数(膜面积、操作压力)。结果显示：在二级膜分离工艺中,二级一段膜分离工艺的第一级膜和第二级膜操作压力分别为5.8 bar和7.1 bar,第一级膜和第二级膜的面积分别为448000 m²和180000 m²时,单位捕集成本为27.36 USD/t CO₂。与二级二段膜分离以及其他几种传统的CO₂捕集方法(MEA法、相变吸收法)相比,二级一段膜分离捕集CO₂的捕集成本和能耗均最小。本研究将为CO₂捕集实现低能耗和低成本化提供依据。     

燃煤烟气中SO2对氨法脱碳的影响

利用湿壁塔实验台对燃煤烟气中SO₂对氨水溶液［1%～7%(质量）］吸收CO₂的影响进行了实验研究,具体分析了不同反应温度（20～80℃）和CO₂体积分数（5%～20%）条件下,CO₂传质通量及传质系数随SO₂浓度和SO₂负载量的变化规律。结果表明, SO₂浓度由0增至11428 mg·m^-3,CO₂传质通量及传质系数均有一半左右降幅,而SO₂负载量［0.1～0.4 mol SO₂·（mol NH₃）^-1］的增加,同样导致CO₂传质通量及传质系数明显减小。氨水浓度及反应温度增加可有效提高CO₂传质通量和传质系数,相对降低SO₂对CO₂传质的影响。CO₂浓度的增加可明显提高其传质通量,但是CO₂的传质系数有所降低。     

燃煤电厂CO2捕集中烟气预处理系统的优化模拟

在燃煤电厂CO₂捕集中,为了提高其捕集效率,需对进入系统的烟气进行预处理。为进一步提高进入系统烟气的质量,本文用Aspen Plus模拟优化烟气预处理系统,通过研究在预洗塔中组合填料、填料层高度、吸收剂进量和分层进吸收剂对出口烟气中SO₂的含量、脱硫效率以及出口烟气温度的影响,得出最佳的工艺条件。模拟结果表明,加入不同种类组合填料,同种类不同型号组合填料和分层进吸收剂都使烟气脱硫效率增加,出口烟气温度降低;随着填料层高度和吸收剂进量的增加,出口烟气中SO₂的含量和出口烟气温度降低,其中最佳的高度为2~4m,最佳的吸收剂进量为(250~350)×10³kg/h。     

Recent progress of amine modified sorbents for capturing CO2 from flue gas

Under the Paris agreement, China has committed to reducing CO₂ emissions by 60%–65% per unit of GDP by 2030. Since CO₂ emissions from coal-fired power plants currently account for over 30% of the total carbon emissions in China, it will be necessary to mitigate at least some of these emissions to achieve this goal. Studies by the International Energy Agency (IEA) indicate CCS technology has the potential to contribute 14% of global emission reductions, followed by 40% of higher energy efficiency and 35% of renewable energy, which is considered as the most promising technology to significantly reduce carbon emissions for current coal-fired power plants. Moreover, the announcement of a Chinese national carbon trading market in late 2017 signals an opportunity for the commercial deployment of CO₂ capture technologies.Currently, the only commercially demonstrated technology for post-combustion CO₂ capture technology from power plants is solvent-based absorption. While commercially viable, the costs of deploying this technology are high. This has motivated efforts to develop more affordable alternatives, including advanced solvents, membranes, and sorbent capture systems. Of these approaches, advanced solvents have received the most attention in terms of research and demonstration. In contrast, sorbent capture technology has less attention, despite its potential for much lower energy consumption due to the absence of water in the sorbent. This paper reviews recent progress in the development of sorbent materials modified by amine functionalities with an emphasis on material characterization methods and the effects of operating conditions on performance. The main problems and challenges that need to be overcome to improve the competitiveness of sorbent-based capture technologies are discussed.     

Application of high‐pressure swing adsorption process for improvement of CO2 recovery system from flue gas

Although the super cold separator applied to the system for CO₂ recovery from flue gas can produce pure CO₂ liquid, the CO₂ recovery efficiency is low. Therefore, the addition of a PSA plant was considered for the secondary CO₂ recovery from the noncon‐densing gas to improve the efficiency. The PSA plant was operated for adsorption at the same pressure as that of the super cold separator and for desorption at the atmospheric pressure. From both the simulation and the experimental data, it was confirmed that CO₂ could be concentrated from 50% in the noncondensing gas to 70% in the recovery gas by the PSA plant and the CO₂ recovery efficiency of the plant was about 90%.     

基于钠基吸附剂的烟气脱碳系统余热利用研究

针对基于钠基固体吸附剂的燃烧后脱碳技术应用于燃煤电厂后综合能耗偏高的问题,本文提出与供热机组结合的碳捕集/供热双机组系统,利用低温热网回水回收系统低品位余热。依据双机组的抽汽混合与否构建了两种系统流程,分析了两种不同方案下的系统性能。研究结果表明,在有效回收脱碳系统碳酸化反应余热后,独立抽汽方案中碳捕集综合能耗从4.05GJ/t CO₂降低至1.26GJ/t CO₂,而混合抽汽方案中碳捕集综合能耗降低至1.13GJ/t CO₂,同时双机组系统的热网供热量较单供热机组分别增加了67.5%和72.8%,经济效益显著。分析了混合抽汽方案的系统中碳捕集综合能耗随相关运行参数变化的规律,发现碳酸化反应温度和热网回水温度因为能够直接影响系统余热利用程度因而更易对碳捕集综合能耗产生影响。     

相变吸收捕集烟气中CO2技术的发展现状

化学吸收法作为目前最有效的CO₂捕集技术,吸收剂常用有机胺,但过高的再生能耗和成本限制了其在工业中的应用。基于传统有机胺溶剂开发出来的相变吸收剂被认为可以大幅减少解吸能耗,成为近几年研究的热点。本文详细介绍了相变吸收剂的常见类型、分相机理,并根据其具体组成进行了种类划分,对比分析了常用相变吸收剂和传统乙醇胺（MEA）吸收液的再生能耗,并指出温度、CO₂负荷以及相分离等因素对相变吸收剂的工艺流程长期运行稳定性的影响。在制备相变吸收剂的过程中,可加入活化剂来降低CO₂富液黏度,加入助溶剂来提高传质特性。本文阐述了现有相变吸收剂的挥发、降解和腐蚀等特性的研究现状。最后,结合研究现状和烟气捕集需求对相变吸收剂今后的研究方向给出了建议。     

燃煤工业锅炉烟气中SO2控制技术的研究进展

介绍了煤炭燃烧硫污染物的产生及危害,并分别从煤炭燃烧前脱硫、炉内脱硫以及烟气脱硫等方面介绍了SO2控制技术的研究进展,重点介绍了煤炭燃烧后烟气脱硫技术的研究现状和一些新技术发展应用情况。     

New process development and process evaluation for capturing CO2 in flue gas from power plants using ionic liquid [emim][Tf2N]

Using the ionic liquid [emim][Tf_2N] as a physical solvent, it was found by Aspen Plus simulation that it was possible to attempt to capture CO_2 from the flue gas discharged from the coal-fired unit of the power plant.Using the combination of model calculation and experimental determination, the density, isostatic heat capacity,viscosity, vapor pressure, thermal conductivity, surface tension and solubility of [emim][Tf_2N] were obtained.Based on the NRTL model, the Henry coefficient and NRTL binary interaction parameters of CO_2 dissolved in[emim][Tf_2N] were obtained by correlating [emim][Tf_2N] with the gas–liquid equilibrium data of CO_2. Firstly,the calculated relevant data is imported into Aspen Plus, and the whole process model of the ionic liquid absorption process is established. Then the absorption process is optimized according to the temperature distribution in the absorption tower to obtain a new absorption process. Finally, the density, constant pressure heat capacity,surface tension, thermal conductivity, and viscosity of [emim][Tf_2N] were changed to investigate the effect of ionic liquid properties on process energy consumption, solvent circulation and heat exchanger design. The results showed that based on the composition of the inlet gas stream to the absorbers, CO_2 with a capture rate of 90% and a mass purity higher than 99.5% was captured. These results indicate that the [emim][Tf_2N] could be used as a physical solvent for CO_2 capture from coal-fired units. In addition, the results will provide a theoretical basis for the design of new ionic liquids for CO_2 capture.