Measurement of torque in steam turbine-generator shafts followingsevere disturbances on the electrical supply system-analysis andimplementation

Phenomena that affects the performance of transducers that measure torque at positions along a turbine-generator shaft are reviewed, and the design of a transducer for precise measurement of torque at positions on a steam turbine-generator shaft that results from severe disturbances of the electrical supply system is discussed. Torque at shaft couplings following severe supply system events predicted using continuum models of turbine-generator shafts are analyzed and compared with that obtained over a section of the shaft by shaft twist and overall stiffness of the section. Algorithms for processing torque deduced from twist over a section to estimate true torque at specific shaft locations are discussed. Studies are performed for severe L-L-L short circuits with clearance. The design of a transient shaft torque transducer which uses disks with slits which are secured to the rotating shaft is described     

蒸汽引射器引射汽轮机排汽供热的研究与应用

为了缓解电厂出现的供热不足问题和减少冷端损失,提出了通过蒸汽引射器引射汽轮机乏汽用于供热的方法,并对蒸汽引射器引射汽轮机排汽的工作原理进行了分析介绍。以某330 MW的机组为例,对其利用蒸汽引射器引射汽轮机排汽进行了热力和经济性分析。结果表明:增设蒸汽引射器后,在一个供暖周期内可以为电厂增加供热量367.62 GJ/h,有很大的节能潜力。     

向心式汽轮机在大型铜冶炼厂余热利用系统中的应用

介绍了向心式汽轮机的特点及大型铜冶炼厂余热利用系统,提出了饱和蒸汽发电系统方案,并将其与传统轴流式背压汽轮机系统方案进行经济技术比校．     

汽轮机轴承振动大的原因探索及处理

针对该厂7#汽轮机机组轴承振动偏大的问题进行研究和分析,通过停机做转子动平衡试验、试验分析在线波特图历史曲线等,确定造成振动的主要因素,制定出消除高中压转子轴振和瓦振的方法,并成功解决困扰该机4瓦、5瓦轴振和5号瓦振长期偏大的顽症,为同类问题解决提供借鉴。     

Approach to residual life assessment of large steam turbine components

Ansaldo has manufactured and installed in Italy and all over the world, since 1909, medium and large steam turbines under its own design and various licence agreements, such as General Electric, Westinghouse, and, more recently, ABB.

Since 1986 residual life assessment research programs have been implemented with a big effort, and a special approach to residual life assessment has been defined with our main customer, the ENEL Company, for the activity to be carried out in order to get the optimum balance between safety and cost consideration. The paper will illustrate this approach as well as the techniques developed for residual life investigations.

In the paper are presented examples of the documentation for data acquisition, examples of the application of investigation techniques such as computer echotomography, boresonic and material sampling on rotors, and finite element analysis on critical main steam valves.     

航改型燃机分布式能源系统蒸汽系统的优化

高能耗、高投入的经济增长方式产生了一系列环境和资源问题,工业转型升级、转变发展方式和能源结构调整日益紧迫。作为工业转型升级重要载体的各类产业集聚区的冷热负荷大且集中,环境评价要求高。采用以航改型燃机为核心的分布式能源系统来满足高能量密度的冷热电负荷需求,研究了蒸汽系统优化对分布式能源系统性能和经济性的影响,指出了配套设备的标准化、系列化对中国航改型燃机分布式能源系统节能环保效益的提升具有重要意义。     

Optimization of cold end system of steam turbine

An optimization of the movement characteristic of the cold end system of the steam turbine was conducted from an overall consideration of the condenser and the circulation water pump. An analysis method based on thermodynamics theory that fixes coupling characteristic between the best vacuum and the best circulation discharge of water was proposed. The proposed method was applied to the optimized analysis of the operating mode of the cold end system of a 300 MW unit in a power plant. __________ Translated from Thermal Turbine, 2007, 36(1): 19–23 [译自: 热力透平]     

Analysis of torsional torques in starting of large squirrel cageinduction motors

The paper presents a comprehensive study of the starting process of a large squirrel cage induction motor driving an inertia load through an elastic shaft. The analysis of the electromagnetic torque of the motor has revealed that there are variable frequency components which interact with the torsional mode of the mechanical system and produce hazardous shaft torque. This torque may exceed the maximum yield of the shaft or it may accumulate and result in a cyclic fatigue fracture. The nature of the problem is explained and the factors which aggravate its impact are discussed. Furthermore, it is shown that the torsional torque can be substantially reduced by the proper coordination of the switching operations     

300MW汽轮机组改造后热力系统性能分析

根据谏壁电厂9＃机组改造后热力试验的有关数据，应用等效焓降法对回热系统进行了经济性分析计算，同时也分析了不明泄漏量和中压缸效率的影响，对进一步提高机组经济性有一定参考价值。     

汽轮机及热装置性能评估系统研究

以某石化电厂双抽凝汽式汽轮机及热系统为研究对象,开发了以“热力参数诊断”为中心的旋转机械热力性能评估体系。通过对该汽轮机组运行性能和经济性能的计算分析,实时显示汽轮机组工作状态、当前热经济指标、当前工况下的节能潜力及热设备能损诊断结果,提出优化运行建议,并从热力学角度为电站设备的状态监测和预知性维修提供科学依据,实时指导汽轮机组经济运行。     

IGCC中蒸汽系统的集成技术与设计原则

文章概述本研究集体相关的研究成果,包括IGCC蒸汽系统的集成技术与热力特性,提高IGCC中蒸汽系统性能的途径以及IGCC蒸汽系统设计的一般性原则与实例分析.这些工作将有助于更全面、准确地理解IGCC中蒸汽系统,并为其理论建模、定量分析及设计优化提供支持.     

Ecotaxes and their impact in the cost of steam and electric energy generated by a steam turbine system

Ecotaxes allow the internalization of costs that are considered externalities associated with polluting industrial process emissions to the atmosphere. In this paper, ecotaxes internalize polluting emissions negative impacts that are added to electricity and steam generated costs of a steam turbine and heat recovery systems from a utilities refinery plant. Steam costs were calculated by means of an exergy analysis tool and Aspen Plus simulation models. Ecotaxes were calculated for specific substances emitted in the refinery flue gases, based on a toxicity and pollution scale. Ecotaxes were generated from a model that includes damages produced to biotic and abiotic resources and considers the relative position of those substances in a toxicity and pollution scale. These ecotaxes were internalized by an exergoeconomic analysis resulting in an increase in the cost per kWh produced. This kind of ecotax is not applied in Mexico. The values of ecotaxes used in the cost determination are referred to the values currently applied by some European countries to nitrogen oxides emissions.     

1036MW火电机组汽轮机驱动引风机应用和经济性分析

火力发电厂引风机和脱硫增压风机合并后电机容量增大,随之带来厂用电增加、启动电流过大、厂用电电压等级需要提高等问题.综合分析和研究引风机与增压风机合并问题,并对采用汽轮机代替电机驱动引风机的经济性进行了分析.     

联合循环电厂汽轮机供热运行的若干问题

国内某联合循环电厂由于汽轮机缺乏非设计工况下抽汽供热运行经验且需要参与电网调峰,经过对联合循环机组特性分析和现场运行数据的整理、优化,在保证机组安全的前提下,确定了汽轮机供热量和机组调峰能力,为指导运行人员操作和确定机组电网调峰能力提供了依据。     

A modern injected steam gas turbine cogeneration system based on exergy concept

Factors such as low capital cost, good match of power and heat requirements and proven reliability can sometimes lead an end user into purchasing gas turbines for use in a modern cogeneration plant. The steam‐injected gas turbine is an attractive electrical generating technology for mitigating the impacts of rising energy prices. According to such mentioned above this paper is to provide results of an optimization study on cogeneration power cycle, which works by gas turbine with recuperator and injection steam added to the combustor of the gas turbine. The performance characteristics of the cycle based on energy and exergy concepts and based upon practical performance constraints were investigated. The effect of the recuperator on the cycle was greatly clarified. Results also show that the output power of a gas turbine increases when steam is injected. When extra steam has to be generated in order to be able to inject steam and at the same time to provide for a given heat demand, power generating efficiency increases but cogeneration efficiency decreases with the increasing of injected steam. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

大型汽轮发电机组EH系统的典型故障分析及处理

根据华电能源哈尔滨第三发电厂大型汽轮发电机组EH系统的实际运行情况,针对高压抗燃油的油压波动、油质变差、油温升高、油动机摆动、油管振动、挂闸问题进行了典型故障分析并给出了处理方法,以保证大型汽轮发电机组的安全稳定运行。     

背压机组循环水系统的改造

热电联产企业大多选择背压机组和抽凝机组组合的方式,以同时满足热、电负荷的需要。循环水泵参数一般按抽凝机组的容量设计,背压机和抽凝机共用一套循环水系统。当背压机组单独运行时,循环水泵出力就远大于机组需用水量,造成厂用电的浪费。这时通过对循环水系统的改造,由小泵为背压机组提供冷却水,可有效降低厂用电量。     

Thermodynamic analysis of a tri-generation system based on micro-gas turbine with a steam ejector refrigeration system

In the present work, performance of new configuration of Micro-gas turbine cogeneration and tri-generation systems, with a steam ejector refrigeration system and Heat recovery Steam Generator (HRSG) are studied. A micro-gas turbine cycle produces 200 KW power and exhaust gases of this micro-gas turbine are recovered in an HRSG. The main part of saturated steam in HRSG is used through a steam ejector refrigeration system to produce cooling in summer. In winter, this part of saturated steam is used to produce heating. In the first part of this paper, performance evaluation of this system with respect to Energy Utilization Factor (EUF), Fuel Energy Saving Ratio (FESR), thermal efficiency, pinch point temperature difference, net power to evaporator cooling load and power to heat ratio is carried out. It has been shown that by using the present cogeneration system, one can save fuel consumption from about 23% in summer up to 33% in winter in comparison with separate generation of heating, cooling and electricity.     

加装低压省煤器对汽轮机排汽损失的影响研究

基于等效焓降法的基本原理,推导出了低压省煤器投入运行对汽轮机排汽损失影响的计算模型。该模型适应任意连接方式的低压省煤器,便于节能潜力分析。结合某国产330 MW机组应用实例,计算得出当低压省煤器吸收的排烟余热返回汽轮机系统后,有90%左右伴随汽轮机排汽被循环冷却水带走而损失掉了,只有约10%的能量被汽轮机系统有效利用,该结果对实施低压省煤器节能改造具有重要参考价值。