预变形量对2519铝合金抗晶间腐蚀性能的影响

采用硬度测试、扫描电镜与透射电镜研究时效前冷轧预变形量对2519铝合金晶界无沉淀带(PFZ)及第二相大小、分布和抗晶间腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明:经冷轧预变形后,晶间析出相细化并弥散分布,导致各变形量样品的时效硬度均提高,同时使合金到达峰值的时效时间缩短;且随着预变形量的增加,合金晶间腐蚀性能由4级降至0级,抗晶间腐蚀能力增强。这是由于晶界无沉淀带变窄,同时在晶界析出的平衡相由链条状分布逐渐变为不连续分布,使连续网状的腐蚀通道转变为断续的腐蚀点,进而提高了2519合金的抗晶间腐蚀性能。     

预变形对预时效态AA7085铝合金板材组织和性能的影响

通过硬度、OM、SEM、TEM、X射线衍射、电导率测试,研究了不同预变形量对预时效态AA7085铝合金轧制板材微观组织和性能的影响。结果表明:预时效态合金硬度较低,但分别施加11.8%、20.3%和29.7%的变形后,变形量20.3%的合金再经T6时效硬度达到最高,终时效后合金电导率随变形量增加呈增加趋势。TEM显示,预时效态合金晶内析出相非常弥散细小且密度较小,引入变形后,在合金内部产生大量位错,并且随位错密度增加,终时效合金晶内沉淀相的尺寸先增后减然后再增加,晶界析出相的分布也由连续链状变为粗大断续分布,晶间无析出带的宽度明显增大。     

时效对7050铝合金预拉伸板抗腐蚀性能的影响

采用硬度、腐蚀速率、剥落腐蚀、慢应变速率拉伸测试及透射电镜和差示扫描量热法研究预拉伸后时效制度对7050铝合金板材显微组织、硬度和抗腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明:峰时效合金硬度最大,抗腐蚀性能最差;过时效和回归再时效与峰时效相比,合金的硬度值减小,抗腐蚀性能变好;在高温+峰时效中的高温时效阶段,GP区发生回溶,有利于η′和η相的直接形核析出,晶内析出相长大、不均匀分布,合金硬度减小;晶界析出相粗化、断续分布,合金抗腐蚀性能提高。     

Yb对2519A铝合金抗剥落腐蚀性能的影响

采用铸锭冶金法制备了不同Yb含量的2519A铝合金试样,通过硬度测试、力学性能测试、金相显微镜、扫描电镜与透射电镜等分析方法研究了稀土Yb对2519A铝合金抗剥落腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明:在2519A铝合金中添加0.2%Yb(质量分数)时,Yb与Al,Cu,Fe和Mn形成稀土相,合金内粗大Al Cu相和Al Cu Fe Mn相数量减少,含Yb第二相粒子化学活泼性低于Al Cu相和Al Cu Fe Mn相。适量的Yb能细化合金的时效强化相,使其析出密度增加,阻止θ(Al2Cu)相在晶界上连续析出,减小晶界无沉淀析出带(PFZ)宽度,使晶界析出相变成非连续分布,从而改善了合金的剥落腐蚀抗力。当Yb含量进一步增加时,合金力学性能及抗剥蚀性能下降。     

单级时效对7050铝合金力学性能及晶间腐蚀性能的影响

采用硬度测试、恒温浸泡方法、金相和透射电镜技术研究不同温度不同时间的单级时效处理对7050铝合金的力学性能和晶间腐蚀性能的影响.结果表明:当时效温度由120℃升高至180℃时,合金时效硬化响应速度明显加快,合金进入过时效状态所需的时间缩短.合金在120℃峰时效时,随时效时间的延长,析出相的粗化、晶界的宽化和无沉淀析出带出现缓慢,合金的硬度能长时间维持在较高水平.合金的晶间腐蚀敏感性与晶界析出相和无沉淀析出带(PFZ)的特征有关;晶界析出相呈链状分布时合金的腐蚀敏感性强,晶界析出相大,分布不连续,PFZ的宽化,则合金的腐蚀敏感性低.     

淬火介质对7055铝合金晶界析出行为的影响

采用透射电镜研究了淬火介质对7055铝合金晶界析出相及无沉淀析出带的影响。结果表明，空气淬火时，合金冷却过程在晶界上析出η平衡相。合金经室温水淬及沸水淬火合金时效后，晶界析出相尺寸差别小，呈链状连续分布；晶界无沉淀，析出带较窄，平均宽度分别约为33nm和43nm。空气淬火合金时效后晶界析出相尺寸差别较大，呈不连续分布；晶界无沉淀，析出带很宽，约102nm。对其原因进行了分析和讨论。     

冷轧预变形对新型铝锂合金的时效析出与力学性能影响

采用大气熔炼铸造及热变形方法制备了Al-4.5Cu-1Li-0.7Mg-1Zn-0.3Ag-0.3Mn-0.2Zr新型铝锂合金板材。通过维氏硬度、拉伸性能、扫描电镜、透射电镜等方法,研究了固溶后不同冷轧预变形量对显微组织和力学性能影响。结果表明,时效前的冷轧预变形量有效促进了新型铝锂基体合金中T1(Al2CuLi)相的析出与均匀分布,减少了θ′(Al2Cu)相的体积分数。冷轧预变形量的增加,缩短了峰时效时间,晶界析出相由连续析出变为非连续析出,无沉淀析出区宽度变小。当冷轧预变形量为15%时,时效态合金的屈服强度与抗拉强度分别达到了668 MPa、690 MPa,延伸率保持在7.9%。     

时效时间对一种新型Al-Zn-Mg-Sc-Zr合金析出行为、力学和腐蚀性能的影响（英文）

通过光学显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜、拉伸实验、极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱等方法研究时效时间对一种新型Al-Zn-Mg-Sc-Zr合金析出行为、力学和腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明:当合金经过120°C时效时,随着时效时间的延长,合金的硬度和拉伸强度呈先快速增加后逐渐降低的趋势。同时,合金的抗剥落腐蚀和晶间腐蚀性能随着时效时间的延长逐渐提高,与极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱呈现的趋势保持一致。合金的晶界析出行为和无沉淀析出带对其力学和腐蚀行为有着重要的影响。由透射电镜观察到的组织可知,随着时效时间的延长,晶界析出相逐渐粗化,无沉淀析出带变宽,且晶界析出相间距变大。     

2099铝锂合金晶间腐蚀行为与时效制度的相关性

系统研究了2099铝锂合金晶间腐蚀行为与时效制度(T6态150和175℃时效、T8态150℃时效)的相关性,建立了2099铝锂合金腐蚀-时效进程状态图。结果表明,时效过程按腐蚀类型变化可以分为4个阶段。时效早期发生孔蚀或局部晶间腐蚀,欠时效阶段发生全面晶间腐蚀,近峰时效阶段转变为局部晶间腐蚀,过时效阶段以孔蚀为主。欠时效时,细小的晶界析出相连续分布,晶间腐蚀敏感性较高。过时效阶段晶界析出相粗化,并呈不连续分布,抗晶间腐蚀能力提高。时效温度提高,晶界析出相粗化,析出相间距增加,而时效前预变形能够促进析出相均匀弥散形核,抑制晶界无沉淀带形成,因而导致晶间腐蚀欠时效阶段和近峰失效阶段的时效时间范围缩短或消失,提高了抗晶间腐蚀能力。     

高温预析出后7055铝合金局部腐蚀性能和时效硬化

研究了高温预析出对Al-Zn—Mg—Cu系7055合金的应力腐蚀、晶间腐蚀和剥蚀行为以及时效硬化的影响，并通过对预析出／时效组织的透射电镜观察，阐述了预析出对7055合金各种腐蚀行为和时效硬化的影响。组织观察及腐蚀性能和力学性能测试结果表明：高温预析出处理可使7055合金抗应力腐蚀性能得到明显改善，合金应力腐蚀开裂界限应力强度因子局KISCC由7．4MPa·m^1/2提高至9．8MPa·m^1/2，合金抗拉强度仍能保持在680MPa左右。经高温预析出处理后的7055合金晶间腐蚀、剥蚀敏感性降低，7055合金的剥蚀等级由EC降为EA-。同时，高温预析出处理使晶界析出相粗化显著、离散度增大，晶界平衡析出相的Cu含量为60．18at％，且晶界析出相Cu含量提高。     

T6时效和T6I6时效对6005A铝合金微观组织和性能的影响

采用硬度测试、晶间腐蚀试验,透射电镜(TEM)和高分辨透射电子显微(HRTEM)分析研究6时效和T6I6时效工艺处理对6005A铝合金硬度和晶间腐蚀性能的影响。结果显示:6005A铝合金经T6峰时效175℃、12 h后,虽然硬度达到了120 HV,但存在严重的晶间腐蚀倾向,腐蚀深度约为100μm,同时,晶界上的析出相呈不连续分布,尺寸较小;经T6I6时效处理后,晶内生成细小的析出相,同时晶界的析出相呈不连续分布,但尺寸较大,此时合金可获得更高的峰值硬度(127 HV),而且其抗腐蚀能力得到显著提高,腐蚀深度约为30μm。     

二次回归再时效对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu组织、强度及剥蚀性能的影响(英文)

采用硬度、拉伸和剥落腐蚀测试手段,结合透射电镜和扫描电镜观察以及能谱分析,研究二次回归再时效对组织、力学和剥蚀性能的影响。二次回归再时效处理保持了类似一次回归再时效处理的晶内析出相,得到比T76过时效更粗大且离散的晶界析出相。与T76相比,二次回归再时效处理的晶界析出相具有更高的铜含量和更低的锌含量。因此,二次回归再时效处理保持了一次回归再时效处理的强度,同时得到了比T76过时效处理更高的剥蚀抗力。     

Mechanism of Exfoliation (Layer Corrosion) of AI-5%Zn-1%Mg

Abstract

The mechanism of exfoliation in AlZn5Mg1 alloy has been studied by making a survey of the phasesb occurring in the alloy in the naturally aged and artificially aged conditions, preparing the phases in pure state and investigating their electrochemical properties. It has beenfound that in the naturally aged alloy, the attack is confined to lamellar zones in the structure giving rise to the exfoliation. Finely dispersed α-Al(Fe, Me)Si phase particles arranged in streaks along the extrusion or rolling direction act as cathodes and the anodic areas consist of narrow zones of the Zn- and Mg-rich matrix, next to the particles. Between the streaks of α-Al(Fe,Me)Si particles, layers of matrix are left unattacked. Since the main factor determining the amount of α-Al(Fe,Me)Si phase is the Fe content, an increase in Fe content will decrease resistance to exfoliation. In the artificially aged condition, the alloy is not prone to exfoliation, but shows a type of general attack. α-Al(Fe,Me)Si particles again constitute the cathodes of the corrosion cells, but the anodic phase is the M-phase (MgZn₂), which is evenly distributed.

Since the zone next to a weld bead is essentially in the solution treated condition, it will become resistant to exfoliation on post-weld artificial ageing. At some distance from the weld bead, however, there will be an ‘over-aged’ zone, where neither the hardness nor the resistance to exfoliation will be very much increased on artificial ageing. This is due to the formation of especially wide precipitate-free zones around α-Al(Fe,Me)Si and E-phase particles and around grain boundaries on ‘over-ageing’. Since the precipitate-free zones are due to vacancy depletion, these zones are supersaturated with respect to Zn and Mg and thus prone to corrosion. The attack will be confined to the matrix, especially along streaks of α-Al(Fe,Me)Si and E-phase particles.     

Critical quenching rate for high hardness and good exfoliation corrosion resistance of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy plate

By means of the end-quenching technique, we investigated the relationship between quenching rate and hardness as well as exfoliation corrosion rating for Al-2.21 Zn-3.59 Mg-0.45 Cu-0.038 Zr (at%) alloy plate. In order to achieve an exfoliation corrosion rating of P or EA, the quenching rate must be greater than approximately 460 °C/min and 300 °C/min, respectively, and the drop degree in hardness should simultaneously be lower than approximately 2.0% and 3.5%, respectively. The results of microstructural and microchemical examination using a scanning transmission electron microscope indicate that a lower quenching rate leads to a higher content of Zn, Mg, and Cu in the grain-boundary particles and a greater width of precipitate-free zones near grain boundaries; therefore, grain-boundary particles with Zn and Mg contents less than approximately 13.39% and 10.23% (at%), respectively, and precipitate-free zones near grain boundaries with widths less than about 107 nm can contribute to an exfoliation corrosion rating better than EA. The amount of quench-induced η-phase particles, which lead to lower hardness, increases with decreasing quenching rate, and the area fraction of these particles is approximately 2.9% at a quenching rate of 300 °C/min.     

热机械加工对2099铝锂合金挤压材组织与抗腐蚀性能的影响

采用金相组织观察、XRD分析、硬度和导电率测试等手段,研究了热机械加工(Thermo-Mechanical Processing, TMP)对2099铝锂合金挤压材组织、硬度、导电率、晶间腐蚀及剥落腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明：与经T83 (540 ℃/2 h固溶、3%预压缩、121 ℃/14 h + 181 ℃/48 h时效)热处理的2099铝锂合金挤压材相比,经TMP(540 ℃/2 h固溶、400 ℃/48 h过时效、约50%大应变变形、540 ℃/2 h再结晶/固溶)+(121 ℃/14 h + 181 ℃/48 h时效)处理的2099铝锂合金挤压材发生了明显的再结晶,硬度（HV）降低(从2006.2 MPa到1865.3 MPa),位错强化亦降低,但导电率和抗晶间腐蚀性能明显提高,同时抗剥落腐蚀性能也有所提高。结果表明,热机械加工是不显著降低2099铝锂合金挤压材硬度,但显著提高其抗晶间腐蚀性能的有效途径     

Effects of Pre-Strain on Exfoliation Corrosion Behavior in Al-Cu-Mg Alloy

Mechanical properties and exfoliation corrosion behavior in Al-Cu-Mg alloy with various pre-strain percents were characterized in this study by means of hardness measurement, optical microscope, transmission electron microscope (TEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and electrochemical technique. The hardness of naturally aged alloy was significantly enhanced with increasing the pre-strain percents. The immersion tests and polarization measurements revealed that the pre-straining processing before natural aging reduced the resistance of the alloy to exfoliation corrosion (EXCO), which was mainly attributed to the increase of dislocations density and grain aspect ratio. The decrease of residual tensile stress may only play a minor role in the EXCO resistance.     

不同固溶制度对6082铝合金力学性能和腐蚀性能的影响

采用拉伸力学性能试验、电导率性能试验、剥落腐蚀试验、晶间腐蚀试验、光学显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜等研究了不同固溶工艺对轨道交通用6082合金板材力学性能和腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明:530~560℃固溶及180℃时效处理后,6082合金板材的屈服强度和抗拉强度随着固溶温度升高而升高,而伸长率几乎保持不变。在530~560℃不同温度固溶处理的时效态6082板材的剥落腐蚀等级均为N级,显示出良好的耐剥落腐蚀性能,最大晶间腐蚀深度随着固溶温度升高而增加。不同温度固溶处理后时效态6082合金板材的晶界处均没有沉淀物析出,晶界附近的无沉淀析出带(PFZ)越宽,最大晶间腐蚀深度越深。     

固溶热处理对AA7085铝合金组织与性能的影响

采用拉伸试验、电导率测试、剥落腐蚀试验、金相观察及透射电镜分析等方法,研究了不同固溶热处理工艺(包括常规固溶、高温预析出固溶与部分重固溶)对AA7085铝合金的强度、剥落腐蚀性能及显微组织的影响。结果表明,采用部分重固溶工艺并时效处理后,合金的抗拉强度降低,但电导率与抗剥落腐蚀性能明显得到提高。其原因是通过部分重固溶处理并时效处理后,合金中的晶界析出细小且非连续分布的η析出相,从而提高了AA7085铝合金的抗腐蚀性能。     

Effects of Severe Cold Rolling on Exfoliation Corrosion Behavior of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Cr Alloy

The exfoliation corrosion (EXCO) behavior of Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Cr alloy after severe cold rolling was investigated by optical microscope, transmission electron microscope, and electrochemical technique. The results show that the EXCO resistance decreased with increasing cold rolling reduction because of the grain boundaries which were decorated with the continuously distributed particles. After the solution treatment, the samples with different reductions retained the fibrous grains, and the elongated grains accelerated the growth of the corrosion cracks according to crack propagation analysis. Furthermore, the increase of deformation enhanced the degree of recrystallization, while the number of corrosion cells increased greatly when in the electrolyte, which tended to reduce the resistance to EXCO.