空间相机桁架结构模态相关性分析

为有效地预示空间相机桁架结构的动态特性，需要对其进行模态相关性分析，目的在于检验分析结果的有效性和准确度，发现结构中的薄弱部位，但由于桁架结构是一复杂的杆板组合结构，计算结果中存在着大量次模态，从而无法与试验结果进行对比。基于上述问题，提出一种利用模态应变能比值来定量区分的方法，从密集的计算模态群中识别出桁架结构的主模态。主模态经模态向量缩减后与试验结果进行比较，鉴定它们之间的总体相关程度，若误差超过规定的界限，则通过调整模型参数、修改模型构型来寻找可能的误差源，反复这一过程，直到有限元模型能够很好地模拟实际结构的主要动态特性为止。分析结果预示了较好的试验和计算模态相关性，验证了有限元模型的有效性，为进一步的响应分析和振动控制设计提供了依据。     

漂浮式斜拉桥全局模态对CFRP索的敏感性研究

斜拉桥复杂动力学问题中的一个关键问题是局部模态频率与全局模态频率成倍数匹配关系时可能导致的斜拉索大幅振动.本文针对这个问题,基于传递矩阵法,研究CFRP索对斜拉桥全局模态频率的敏感性.将斜拉桥的桥面梁和桥塔分别视为多离散弹性支承欧拉伯努利梁,建立其动力学控制微分方程,基于传递矩阵法对其特征频率进行求解.以长沙某独塔斜拉桥作为算例,对结构主要构件:斜拉索、塔和桥面梁的刚度变化对全局模态频率变化的敏感性问题进行了分析.结果表明,桥面梁和桥塔全局模态频率对斜拉索刚度变化非常敏感,并且用CFRP索替换钢质拉索可能避开拉索局部模态与斜拉桥全局模态的倍频关系,从而控制斜拉索的大幅振动.     

基于索-梁结构的斜拉桥非线性振动仿真研究

本文建立了索-梁结构的有限元模型,对斜拉桥线性和非线性振动问题进行研究.首先对结构进行模态分析,发现结构振动表现出全局模态,局部模态以及混合模态,且索梁两者之间固有频率相互影响,对低阶频率影响较大,对高阶频率影响较小.其次,应用有限元软件对索-梁结构的自由振动和强迫振动进行仿真研究.结果表明：整个自由振动过程中频率有先增大后减小的趋势,且最终小于真实频率;在强迫振动中,观察到了丰富的非线性振动现象,包括索的亚谐波共振和内共振,与以往的实验和理论研究结果定性上得到验证;为斜拉桥全桥非线性动力学分析提供参考.     

柔性智能结构的振动主动控制仿真和实验研究

基于模态坐标表示的含压电片结构横向振动系统方程,采用独立模态法直接针对系统的高阶模型设计控制律,利用劳斯判据证明由所设计的控制器引起的控制溢出可被有效抑制,极大地降低了由于模型降阶引起的误差。同时,对压电柔性悬臂梁的高阶振动模态进行主动控制仿真模拟和实验研究,结果表明施加主动控制后柔性悬臂梁的模态阻尼显著提高,受控悬臂梁的振动得到了快速抑制。仿真计算和实验结果取得了良好的一致性。研究结果表明,利用压电陶瓷作为驱动元件,采用独立模态控制法实现柔性结构的振动抑制是一种高效的振动主动控制方法,在航天航空等领域中     

Modal synthesis method of lateral vibration analysis for rotor-bearing system

Rigid coupling and flexible connection made up of elastic coupling units are widely applied to rotor-bearing system with multi-branched shafting system. This paper proposes a modal synthesis method of lateral vibration analysis for such kind of rotor-bearing system. When the proposed approach is developed, the elastic coupling unit is defined as “flexible substructure” which is treated individually and the other parts are partitioned into some substructures which are analyzed by finite element method. The lower-frequency normal modes of the substructures are retained; whereas the higher-frequency normal modes are neglected by a frequency truncation criterion and the residual flexibility of those omitted modes is considered. The lower-frequency normal modes and residual flexibility are considered to be the assumed modes of Rayleigh–Ritz analysis of whole structure. The approach to the treatment of higher-frequency modes leads to a great reduction in the calculation time and a significant improvement in the efficiency of modal synthesis. Examples show that the proposed approach is very effective for the vibration analysis of rotor-bearing system with multi-branched shafting system and the results derived from this approach are in a good agreement with those from transfer matrix method.     

The role of actual modal-contributions versus frequency to optimize the structure

In modal frequency response analysis, the dynamic analyst is often faced with the structure’s dynamic behavior, the modal contributions included, over a frequency window rather than at a single frequency. Therefore a new method in modal frequency response analysis has been developed for computing both complex modal-contributions and real, actual modal-contributions over a frequency range. Contributions from normal modes to displacement, velocity, or acceleration of a set of selected evaluation points (grid-component combinations) are considered. The focus lies on identifying the major actual-contributions from normal modes and the frequency range they are active in. The method is valid for all branches of mechanical engineering. With the thorough knowledge of the dominant modal-contributions to the physical motion response of relevant structure locations and the modal contributions’ frequency history, the traditional design process can substantially be enhanced. It is worthwhile to notice that by the use of the presented procedure the dynamic analyst may find innovative redesigns which the automatic structural optimizers are not able to find. Examples are given to demonstrate the application, the strength of the coupling between modes, the influence of base and force excitation on the modal contributions and, finally, some recommendations on how to reduce undesired structural responses.     

Systematic design of distributed piezoelectric modal sensors/actuators for rectangular plates by optimizing the polarization profile

In this paper the problem of finding the shape of distributed piezoelectric modal sensors/actuators for plates with arbitrary boundary conditions is treated by an optimization approach. A binary function is used to model the design variable: the polarization profile of the piezoelectric layers. Contrary to what it could be expected, it is analytically proved that it is possible to find manufacturable polarization profiles taking on only two values, i.e. either positive or negative polarization. Several numerical examples are shown to corroborate that such topologies isolate particular vibration modes in the frequency domain.     

基于结构高阶局部模态的损伤诊断研究

结构振动测试和损伤诊断中,较易得到结构的低阶模态信息,但低阶模态信息主要反映结构的整体性能,对结构局部损伤不敏感.本文主要研究框架结构高阶模态特性,并通过高阶模态来反映结构的局部特征,实现框架结构损伤诊断.研究中采用理论模态分析和实验模态分析相结合的方法.理论模态分析表明框架结构存在模态密集区且高阶模态具有局部特征.采用局部激振方法对一个钢筋混凝土框架结构模型施加激励,通过实验模态分析获取高阶局部模态信息.结果表明最大能量高阶模态可以识别框架柱的刚度变化.     

基于非线性能量阱的深海柔性张力腿的振动抑制

本文研究了基于非线性能量阱的深海柔性张力腿的振动抑制问题.考虑端部参数激励和非线性能量阱(NES)作用下的张力腿力学模型,采用哈密顿变分原理推导出非线性振动控制的运动微分方程,利用伽辽金法进行离散化.通过参数分析和数值仿真计算,得到柔性张力腿的横向位移模态振动响应,同时还对比分析了NES与调谐质量阻尼器的减振性能.结果表明,相同情况下NES具有更为显著的减振效果,并且可以通过调整NES吸振器的参数,达到最优振动控制效果.     

摩托车车架动特性计算机仿真分析

摩托车车架的动特性是摩托车振动舒适忡的一个重要影响因素,采用计算机仿真分析方法进行摩托车车架动特性分析能有效的减少试验费用,缩短产品开发周期。该文基于某摩托车车架的二维图纸和实物,首先利用UG软件进行几何建模;然后用MSC．PATRAN／NASTRAN软件建立其有限元模型,并进行了自由模态的计算机仿真分析;最后利用LMS实验模态分析系统对该车架进行了实验模态分析,验证了计算机仿真结果,结果表明仿真精度较高,可将二者相结合以分析车架的振动特性。     

Cyclical Parthenogenesis Algorithm for guided modal strain energy based structural damage detection

In this paper, a newly developed multi-agent meta-heuristic method, named Cyclical Parthenogenesis Algorithm (CPA), is incorporated into a guided modal strain energy based structural damage detection technique. A modal strain energy based index is used to guide the structural damage identification process, which is formulated as an inverse optimization problem. Generalized Flexibility Matrix (GFM) of the structure is used to define the objective function of the optimization problem. Three numerical examples are provided in order to examine the viability of the proposed method. The results indicate that the proposed method is capable of locating and quantifying structural damage using only the first few modes of the structure. The results are also compared with those of three other meta-heuristic algorithms in order to show the efficiency of CPA in solving the problem.     

变截面舵面结构全场瞬态变形测量及振动特性分析

搭建了一套全场非接触应变测量系统,对变截面舵面结构受随机载荷激励作用下的变形及振动特性进行实验研究。实验以2A12铝合金材料制成的变截面舵面结构为试验对象,采用高分辨率的相机记录舵面结构全场清晰的散斑图像,然后利用三维数字图像相关方法对其结构表面的连续变形进行直接测量,同时利用傅里叶变换对采集到的散斑图像进行振动特性分析,获得变截面舵面结构的模态频率和模态振型。为验证非接触测量得到的振动特性结果的准确性,用小质量加速度传感器得到的振动响应信号进行对比。试验结果表明,在0~500Hz的测试频段内,三维数字图像相关方法辨识变截面舵面结构前三阶模态参数与加速度传感器测量结果非常吻合,前三阶固有频率误差在2%以内,阻尼比误差在6%以内,前二阶模态振型均为弯曲模式,第三阶模态振型为弯曲扭转耦合模式,验证了三维数字图像相关的全场振动测量技术的有效性,为高温环境及非线性变截面舵面结构非接触振动测试提供依据。     

Structural damage detection using imperialist competitive algorithm and damage function

In practical damage detection problems, experimental modal data is only available for a limited number of modes and in each mode, only a limited number of nodal points are recorded. In using modal data, the majority of the available damage detection solution techniques either require data for all the modes, or all the nodal data for a number of modes; neither of which may be practically available through experiments. In the present study, damage identification is carried out using only a limited number of nodal data of a limited number of modes. The proposed method uses the imperialist competitive optimization algorithm and damage functions. To decrease the number of design variables, several bilinear damage functions are defined to model the damage distribution. Damage functions with both variable widths and variable weights are proposed for increased accurately. Four different types of objective functions which use modal responses of damaged structure are investigated with the aim of finding the most suitable function. The efficiency of the proposed method is investigated using three benchmark numerical examples using both clean and noisy modal data. It is shown that by only using a limited number of modal data, the proposed method is capable of accurately detecting damage locations and reasonably accurately evaluate their extents. The proposed algorithm is most effective with noisy modal data, compared to other available solutions.     

Effect of non-linear modal interaction on the dynamic instability of axially excited cylindrical shells

The non-linear vibrations and instabilities of cylindrical shells under pulsating axial loads are investigated using Donnell’s shallow shell equations. Based on physical and mathematical reasoning, a meaningful low dimensional model is derived and used together with Galerkin method to obtain a set of coupled non-linear equations of motion. Particular attention is paid to the investigation of modal interaction between non-linear vibration modes with equal or nearly equal natural frequencies and to its influence on parametric instability and snap-through buckling. A parametric analysis using continuation techniques identifies the relevant bifurcations connected with the modal interaction and highlights their relevance in design.     

工程结构多刚度尺度分析与模态理论

当前工程结构设计大多基于成熟的线性振动理论,未综合考虑非线性、多尺度等特性的影响,导致各类工程振动问题频发,减振措施失效.首先,本文以质量弹簧系统为例,对系统刚度比和质量比等关键参数开展分析,指出刚度比对系统模态具有显著影响;再者,简述大跨桥梁动力学研究现状,从系统全局动力学角度,根据非线性动力学分析和有限元分析,提出工程结构多刚度尺度概念,分析并指出多刚度尺度耦合系统的全局模态、局部模态和混合模态基于不同刚度尺度的定义.为建立桥梁全局动力学模型和理论,桥梁非线性动力学研究奠定基础.     

A comparison of analytical–numerical models for nonlinear vibrations of cylindrical shells

The nonlinear flexural vibration behaviour of cylindrical shells has received considerable attention to date. It is pointed out that, although in a well-known reference case there seems to be a reasonable agreement, there are unresolved discrepancies between the results obtained by different authors. In the present paper, the problem is studied using various analytical–numerical models with different levels of accuracy and complexity. The frequency–amplitude curves from the different analysis models developed are compared both for isotropic shells and for an orthotropic composite shell. Secondary modes can play an important role. In more complicated cases modal interactions may significantly influence the nonlinear vibration behaviour, and the results obtained strongly depend on the analysis model chosen.     

大型门座起重机振动模态测试技术探讨

门座起重机作为港口重要的起重运输设备,由于其在潮湿、腐蚀性较大的环境中频繁工作,负荷变化大,且服役时间较长,使得金属结构的振动问题日益突出,非常有必要对金属结构进行振动模态测试分析。本文基于加速度传感脉冲击振测试技术,对某港口MQ1030门座起重机转台平面进行振动测试,并对测试信号进行互功率谱处理,得出转台平面振动模态参数,为该起重机金属结构动态安全评估提供了参考依据。     

索-梁耦合结构的分岔反控制研究

斜拉索是斜拉桥主要的支撑单元,是斜拉桥的重要组成部分.本文研究了控制增益参数G对索-梁耦合结构的振动控制.利用文献已得到的索-梁耦合结构的面内非线性运动微分方程,根据离散法,对其进行分离变量法处理,进而得到索-梁耦合结构的单自由度和两自由度模态方程.不同于以往的研究,本文假设索(梁)的左支撑点即坐标原点处是可以沿纵向方向自由移动的,则索的动态应变会发生改变,进而改变其模态方程一次项系数,通过这一规律可以在理论上转换得到一套状态控制反馈准则,并根据Floquet稳定性理论,将上述方程转换为Hill方程形式.然后通过摄动法,得到运动微分方程的稳定解.最后对索-梁耦合结构的单自由度和两自由度系统进行了数值分析计算,通过改变反馈控制增益系数,可以实现系统的反控制.而设计者可以通过这些复杂现象的参数变化范围设计选择合适的参数,尽量使得系统能在工程师所能控制的安全范围内振动.这种控制策略保持了系统的平衡,并且可以应用于在期望位置处具有最优稳定性的退化倍周期分岔.研究表示,无论结构是单自由度还是两自由度系统,反馈控制增益系数的变化能明显有效地改变系统的共振情形下的幅值.通过适当调整控制参数,能在预先...     

Model-based motion control for multi-axis servohydraulic shaking tables

The shaking table is an essential testing tool in the development of earthquake resistant buildings and infrastructure, so improving its performance is an important contribution to saving lives. Currently the bandwidth and accuracy of shaking tables is such that earthquake motion often cannot be replicated with the desired fidelity. A new model-based motion control method is presented for multi-axis shaking tables. The ability of this method to decouple the control axes is demonstrated. A linear parameter varying modal control approach is used – i.e. the modes of vibration of the system are controlled individually, with the modal decomposition repeated at each time step to account for parameter variations. For each mode, a partial non-linear dynamic inversion is performed in the control loop. Feedback is based on a combination of position and acceleration measurements. A command feedforward method is proposed to increase the tracking bandwidth, thus the controller has a two degree-of-freedom structure. Experimental and simulation results are presented for a large (43 t total) six degree-of-freedom shaking table. The simulation results are based on a detailed, validated model of the table. Experimental results show that the controller gives exceptional performance compared a conventional proportional controller: for example the horizontal acceleration bandwidth is six-times higher at over 100 Hz, which is also many times higher than the hydraulic resonant frequency. These results will allow a step change in earthquake simulation accuracy.     

单侧主缆刚度损伤悬索桥的模态分析及1∶1内共振

悬索桥缆索在长期服役状态下损伤很难避免,单侧主缆刚度损伤会使系统出现主梁竖弯与扭转自由度间的耦合,这可能会进一步对悬索桥的模态和大振幅下的非线性响应造成影响.为此,建立了考虑单侧主缆刚度受损的七自由度悬索桥横截面模型,模态分析发现单侧主缆刚度损伤会使得系统前两阶固有频率曲线由交叉变为跃迁,导致两个本身相互独立的模态发生耦合.以此为基础,考虑悬索桥主缆刚度有损伤和未损伤两种工况,运用拓展的增量谐波平衡法(EIHB)计算系统在内共振条件下的非线性振动.研究结果表明：单侧主缆刚度有损伤的悬索桥在外部简谐激励下发生1:1内共振,系统能量表现出明显的转移现象;竖向和扭转简谐激励下,有损伤的悬索桥较未损伤工况响应幅值有所减小,但出现了两个共振响应峰值,对激励频率更为敏感.数值结果与利用Runge-Kutta法计算得到的结果吻合一致,验证了EIHB法的准确性.