绿色原辅材料厂商需求调查报告

正为了推动绿色原辅材料产业发展,鼓励企业创新,了解生产企业的实际诉求,推动市场健康规范发展,中国印刷技术协会和中国印刷杂志社在此次会议上,联合对参会的绿色原辅材料厂商进行了问卷调查。2016年4月14日,东莞"彩盒及瓦楞展"期间,中国印刷技术协会组织召开"2016绿色原辅材料厂商信息沟通会",来自全国的绿色原辅材料生产商、销售商、电商、检测机构代表齐聚东莞,就产品创新、服务、销售等话题     

成都国际家具生产设备及原辅材料展盛大——规模西部最大“高精尖”设备齐聚万款软体材料汇集

<正>2014年7月12日,第十五届成都国际家具生产设备及原辅材料展览会在成都世纪城新国际会展中心5—9号馆盛大开展,这是成都家具展创办15年来,生产设备及原辅材料版块首次以独立成展的形式亮相,5万平方米的展出规模在同类展会中仅次于广州展,位居全国第二,是目前西部最大、最专业的家具生产设备及原辅材料展。本届展会分为生产设备和原辅材料两个板块。5—6号馆原辅材料馆汇集了新材料、家具基材、家具专用化工材料等,还有万款软体     

面包的生产与质量控制

讨论了面包制造过程、原辅材料的主要作用、生产工艺条件以及原辅材料的质量等因素对面包质量的影响，为面包生产提供一些理论依据及实际操作经验。     

浅析如何提升黄酒的质量安全

为了提升黄酒的质量安全,对黄酒生产企业的环境因素、原辅材料及包装物料、生产工艺和成品贮存及运输等方面做了分析。认为黄酒的质量安全涉及到原辅材料、生产、加工、贮存和销售整个过程,要重视黄酒企业的环境因素调查,及时消除环境隐患;重视原辅材料及包装物料的安全性检查,对不安全因素要消灭在进厂前;加强产品工艺分析,对影响质量安全的因素进行及时消除;重视成品贮存及运输的安全问题;加强对消费者宣传正确的黄酒饮用方法。这样,黄酒的质量安全问题才能得到解决。     

废纸生产纸板项目环评中清洁生产分析

该文通过废纸造纸实例,从生产工艺、生产设备、原辅材料、能耗、水耗、过程控制水平等方面,对该项目环评中清洁生产分析方法进行了探讨.     

绿色印刷 材料先行

正2016版《绿色原辅材料产品目录》收录绿盟成员打造第一绿色原辅材料家园2016《绿色原辅材料产品目录》全新包装,6大亮点提升多维服务体验原辅材料是构成印刷品的主体,我们评判一件印刷品是否"环保",首先要看其使用的原辅材料是否"绿色"。2014年,中国印刷技术协会开始编制指导企业绿色生产及采购的工具书——《绿     

B3/B4/B5号馆原辅材料展区

展区看点 ●终端产品的多样性从原辅材料的差异化开始.为了响应终端产品多样化、差异化的市场需求,原辅材料从源头进行了创新.抗菌、淡化经血、护肤、极致柔软等性能各异的原辅材料为消费者提供了更多的选择. ● 绿色环保是各种原辅材料共同追求的目标.随着行业可持续发展的需求逐渐凸显,对产品可持续性能起着至关重要作用的原辅材料正朝...     

如何做好纸箱工厂的仓储管理

由于市场竞争日益激烈，当前纸箱行业面临着极其艰难的经营环境，整个行业“僧多粥少”局面更加突出，业务量小了，原辅材料价格不稳定因素突出显现，给经营带来极大的困难。而原辅材料作为影响纸箱成本的重要成分，可以说，做好原辅材料的管理，就意味着控制了生产成本。可见，原辅材料的仓储管理是否到位，直接影响了纸箱生产的成本，     

谈啤酒酿造用辅料

今年，啤酒生产所需的主要原辅材料和各种能源大幅涨价，如何消化原辅材料涨价的因素，给市场竞争再提供有限空间是当前生产技术部门最大的一道难题。做好原辅材料替代工作，确保在使用替代原料后，啤酒质量保持不变，是技术管理工作的重中之重。     

降低钢丝热镀锌生产成本的有效途径

介绍溶剂法生产热镀锌钢丝影响生产成本的因素,从生产热镀锌钢丝消耗的主要原辅材料、能源及工艺路线和参数的选择等方面分析在钢丝热镀锌生产过程中,降低热镀锌单位生产成本可以采取的有效途径,并提出不同原辅材料的选择方法。     

Relationships between reproductive traits of heifers and cows and yield traits for Holsteins in Japan

The objective of this study was to investigate relationships between reproductive traits in heifers and cows and yield traits for Holsteins in Japan. Insemination and lactation records for cows calved between 1990 and 2003 in Hokkaido region were obtained. Age at first service, age at conception, and conception rate for first service were calculated for heifers. Days from calving to first service, days open, and conception rate for first service were calculated for first- and second-parity cows. The yield traits used were 305-d milk, fat, and protein yields. A threshold animal model was applied for the conception rate for first service, and a linear animal model was applied for the other traits. Single-trait and 2-trait genetic analyses were performed by the Bayesian method using Gibbs sampling. Heritability estimates ranged from 0.027 to 0.051 for conception rate for first service, and from 0.074 to 0.128 for the other reproductive traits. If the relationships of other traits were not considered, days from calving to first service was favorable to genetic selection for reproductive traits because of relatively high heritability and because it can be available earlier than the days open. Genetic correlations among reproductive traits were high, especially in cows. The genetic correlations between reproductive traits for heifers and those for cows were lower than the genetic correlations between reproductive traits for first parity and those of second parity, suggesting that reproductive traits for heifers should be evaluated separately from reproductive traits for cows. Genetic correlations between yield and reproductive traits in cows were antagonistic. In contrast, genetic correlations between reproductive traits for heifers and yield traits were slightly desirable. Depending on the reporting rate of insemination records for heifers and the results of investigations for relationships with productive maturity, selection by reproductive traits for heifers will enable the improvement of reproductive performance without a loss in genetic progress for yield traits.     

THE INSTITUTE OF BREWING ANALYSIS COMMITTEE: RECOMMENDED MICROBIOLOGICAL METHODS OF ANALYSIS

The Microbiology Sub-Committee of the Analysis Committee has recommended procedures for gram staining, establishing the level of total and bacterial contamination, for carrying out the lysine plating technique, for swabbing plant, for examining sugar syrups and wort syrups, for the examination of drinking glasses, for evaluating the sterility of beer containers and for performing the membrane filtration technique.     

不同海洋生物源肝素的理化性质及抗凝血活性

为研究和开发海洋生物源肝素,本实验采用酶解醇沉法从9?种海洋生物中提取出粗肝素,采用紫外光谱法、傅里叶变换红外光谱法和高效液相色谱法对其理化性质和结构特性进行分析,并通过体外凝血实验分析其抗凝血活性。结果表明：9?种肝素粗品的肝素含量从高到低依次为凡纳滨对虾（Penaeus vannaei）虾头339.92?μg/mg、海蚌（Mactra antiquata）239.15?μg/mg、泥蚶（Tegillarca granosa）234.85?μg/mg、蛏子（Sinonovacula constricta）218.29?μg/mg、文蛤（Meretrix meretrix L.）214.78?μg/mg、钝缀锦蛤（Tapes dorsatus）212.194?μg/mg、海湾扇贝（Argopecten irradias）68.52?μg/mg、象拔蚌（Panopea abrupta）61.48?μg/mg、菲律宾蛤蜊（Ruditapes philippinarum）24.29?μg/mg,其均为吡喃糖,且都含有肝素的主要单糖：氨基葡萄糖、艾杜糖醛酸和葡萄糖醛酸。体外凝血实验结果表明,9?种粗肝素效价从高到低依次为海蚌67.1?U/mg、凡纳滨对虾虾头59.3?U/mg、文蛤44.0?U/mg、钝缀锦蛤39.2?U/mg、蛏子35.0?U/mg、泥蚶29.6?U/mg、象拔蚌27.2?U/mg、海湾扇贝27.1?U/mg、菲律宾蛤蜊24.1?U/mg,它们具有不同强度的抗凝血活性,且发挥抗凝血作用的途径不同。实验结果可为海洋源肝素的开发提供参考。     

Use of sexed semen and its effect on conception rate, calf sex, dystocia, and stillbirth of Holsteins in the United States

Use of sexed semen for artificial insemination of US Holstein heifers (1.3 million breedings) and cows (10.8 million breedings) in Dairy Herd Improvement herds was characterized by breeding year, parity, service number, region, herd size, and herd milk yield. Sexed semen was used for 1.4, 9.5, and 17.8% of all reported breedings for 2006, 2007, and 2008, respectively, for heifers, and for 0.1, 0.2, and 0.4%, respectively, for cows. For 2008 sexed semen breedings, 80.5 and 68.6% of use was for first services of heifers and cows, respectively. For cows, 63.1% of 2008 sexed semen use was for first parity. Mean sexed semen use within herd was the greatest for heifers in the Southwest (36.2%) and for cows in the Mideast (1.3%). Mean sexed semen use increased for heifers but changed little for cows as either herd size or herd mean milk yield increased. Availability of sexed semen was examined for Holstein bulls in active AI service; of 700 bulls born after 1993, 37% had sexed semen marketed by mid August 2009. Active AI bulls with marketed sexed semen were superior to average active AI bulls for evaluations of yield traits, productive life, somatic cell score, daughter pregnancy rate, service-sire calving ease, service-sire stillbirth, final score, sire conception rate, and lifetime net merit. The effect of sexed semen use on conception rate, calf sex, dystocia, and stillbirth also was examined for heifers and cows. Mean conception rate for heifers was 56% for conventional and 39% for sexed semen; corresponding conception rates for cows were 30 and 25%. For single births from sexed semen breedings, around 90% were female. Dystocia and stillbirth were more frequent for heifers (6.0 and 10.4%, respectively, for conventional semen; 4.3 and 11.3%, respectively, for sexed semen) than for cows (2.5 and 3.6%, respectively, for conventional semen; 0.9 and 2.7%, respectively, for sexed semen). Difficult births declined by 28% for heifers and 64% for cows with sexed semen use. Stillbirths were more prevalent for twin births except for sexed semen heifer breedings. Stillbirths of single male calves of heifers were more frequent for breedings with sexed semen (15.6%) than conventional semen (10.8%); a comparable difference was not observed for cows, for which stillbirth frequency of single male calves even decreased (2.6 vs. 3.6%). Overall stillbirth frequency was reduced by sexed semen use for cows but not for heifers.     

Estimating Effects of Permanent Environment, Lactation Stage, Age, and Pregnancy on Test-Day Yield

Test-day variances for permanent environmental effects within and across parities were estimated along with lactation stage, age, and pregnancy effects for use with a test-day model. Data were test-day records for calvings since 1990 for Jerseys and for Holsteins from California, Pennsylvania, Texas, and Wisconsin. Single-trait repeatability models were fitted for milk, fat, and protein test-day yields. Method R and a preconditioned conjugate gradient equation solver were used for variance component estimation because of large data sets. Test-day yields were adjusted for environmental effects of calving age, calving season, and milking frequency and for estimated breeding value (EBV) expressed on a daily basis. To assess the effect of adjustments, test-day yields also were analyzed without adjustment. For adjusted data, permanent environmental variances across parities relative to phenotypic variance ranged from 8.3 to 15.2% for milk, 4.4 to 8.3% for fat, and 6.9 to 11.0% for protein across regions and breeds; relative permanent environmental variances within parity ranged from 31.4 to 34.7% for milk, 18.2 to 22.3% for fat, and 28.3 to 29.1% for protein and were similar across regions and breeds. Adjustment for EBV reduced permanent environmental variance across parities and removed cow genetic variance. Relative permanent environmental variances within parity from unadjusted test-day yields were nearly identical to those from adjusted test-day yields. For unadjusted test-day yields, heritabilities ranged from 0.19 to 0.30 for milk, 0.13 to 0.15 for fat, and 0.17 to 0.23 for protein. Adjustments for lactation stage, age at milking, previous days open, and days pregnant were estimated from adjusted test-day yields using the same single-trait repeatability models and variance ratios estimated for permanent environment within and across parities. Those adjustments can be applied additively to test-day yields before evaluation analysis. Variance components and solutions for the various effects can be used to calculate test-day deviations in an analysis within herd that contributes to an analysis across herds.     

烤烟烘烤54度稳温时间对烟叶品质及效益的影响

通过对不同部位最佳采收成熟度烟叶54 ℃稳温时间的研究,分析了不同稳温处理与烟叶品质和可用性的关系。结果表明,变黄期采用“低温慢变黄”处理,上部叶54 ℃稳温16 h、中部叶稳温24 h、下部叶稳温8 h或16 h其致香前体物质含量较其他处理高;上部叶稳温16 h、中部叶稳温8 h或24 h、下部采收烟叶稳温16 h能获得较好的外观质量;下部适熟叶稳温16 h或24 h处理、中部采收烟叶稳温8 h处理、上部成熟烟叶稳温16 h处理物理特性较好;下部叶稳温8 h或16 h、中部叶稳温8 h、上部叶稳温16 h或24 h处理,香气质较细腻,吃味醇和,刺激性和劲头较小,余味较好。综合各处理烟叶品质,并结合经济性状分析表明,变黄期采用“低温慢变黄”处理,下部适熟烟叶54 ℃稳温16 h、中部成熟烟叶稳温8 h、上部成熟烟叶稳温16 h的处理,初烤烟叶能获得较好的综合品质和经济效益。     

Assessment of dietary exposure to annatto (E160b), nitrites (E249-250), sulphites (E220-228) and tartaric acid (E334) in the French population: the second French total diet study

The results of the assessment of the dietary exposure to annatto, nitrites, tartaric acid and sulphites within the framework of the second French total diet study (TDS) are reported. These 4 additives were selected from the Bemrah et al. study [Bemrah N, Leblanc JC, Volatier JL. 2008. Assessment of dietary exposure in the French population to 13 selected food colours, preservatives, antioxidants, stabilizers, emulsifiers and sweeteners. Food Addit Contam B. 1(1):2–14] on 13 food additives which identified a possible health risk for annatto, sulphites and nitrites and a lack of data for tartaric acid. Among the composite samples selected for the whole TDS, 524 were analysed for additives (a sample was analysed for a given additive when it was identified as a major contributor for this additive only): 130 for tartaric acid, 135 for nitrites, 59 for annatto and 200 for sulphites. Estimated concentrations (minimum lower bound to maximum upper bound) vary nationally from 0 to 9?mg/kg for annatto, 0 to 420?mg/kg for tartaric acid, 0 to 108?mg/kg for sulphites and 0 to 3.4?mg/kg for nitrites. Based on the analytical results, the dietary exposure was calculated for adults and children, separately, using lower bound and upper bound assumptions. The European ADIs for these 4 additives were not exceeded except for the dietary exposure for sulphites among 2.9% of the adult population, where the major contributors were alcoholic drinks and especially wine under both hypotheses (lower and upper bound).     

大黑粉盗与赤拟谷盗和锈赤扁谷盗对磷化氢的耐受力比较研究

潜在危害的储粮害虫大黑粉盗Cynaeus angustus研究缺乏,掌握其磷化氢耐受力有助于科学治理。采用快速击倒和FAO推荐方法测定了磷化氢对大黑粉盗的KT50值和毒力方程,并与赤拟谷盗Tribolium castaneum和锈赤扁谷盗Cryptolestes ferrugineus进行了比较,测定了100、200、300、400、500 mL/m3磷化氢模拟熏蒸中3种害虫卵、幼虫、蛹和成虫不同时间的死亡率。磷化氢对大黑粉盗、赤拟谷盗和锈赤扁谷盗的KT50值分别为7、127和3 736 min,相应毒力方程斜率值b为3.67、8.28和9.94,相应LC50值为0.008、1.34和5.88 mg/L。害虫不同虫态在100~500 mL/m3浓度下的半数致死时间LT50值于大黑粉盗卵为4~2 h、幼虫4~1 h、蛹4~1 h、成虫3~1 h,于赤拟谷盗为卵12~5 d、幼虫11~5 d、蛹13~7 d、成虫10~4 d,于锈赤扁谷盗为卵28~13 d、幼虫为18～9 d,蛹26～11 d,成虫17~9 d。相应的完全致死时间（LT100）于大黑粉盗卵为21~6 h、幼虫8~3 h、蛹9~6 h、成虫5~3 h,于赤拟谷盗卵为21~18 d、幼虫21~15 d、蛹27~18 d、成虫21~12 d,于锈赤扁谷盗卵为54~30 d、幼虫42~30 d、蛹48~30 d、成虫36~25 d。所测大黑粉盗为磷化氢敏感品系,其各虫态对磷化氢的耐受力为卵>蛹>幼虫>成虫,其耐受力远小于赤拟谷盗和锈赤扁谷盗磷化氢抗性品系。     

松乳菇15L罐发酵生产及其所产菌丝营养价值

用15 L发酵罐对松乳菇进行72 h高产菌丝培养并进行了全面的营养成分分析与比较。用自动测定仪在线测OD值、pH,常规测定法对水分、灰分、粗纤维、膳食纤维、粗蛋白、粗脂肪、可溶性固形物、总糖、还原糖、矿质元素(锌、铁、锰、铜、钙、硒)和菌丝生物量进行测定,用高效液相色谱(HPLC)对氨基酸和核苷酸进行定性和定量分析,。结果表明:发酵72 h的过程中菌丝干重最高可达1.264 1 g/100 mL,菌丝鲜重的水分含量为87.97%。以干重为基础,灰分含量为4.2%、粗纤维含量为21.19%、膳食纤维含量为12.93%、粗蛋白含量为28.4%、粗脂肪含量为16.38%、可溶性固形物含量为2.75Bx°、总糖含量为16.76%、还原糖含量为11.72%、氨基酸含量为23 855 mg/100 g和核苷酸含量为2.04 mg/g。     

Fertility and survival of pure Holsteins versus crossbreds of Holstein with Normande, Montbeliarde, and Scandinavian Red

First-calf pure Holsteins and Normande/Holstein, Montbeliarde/Holstein, and Scandinavian Red/Holstein crossbreds were compared for days to first breeding, first-service conception rate, days open, and survival. First-calf heifers were in 7 commercial dairies in California and calved from June 2002 to October 2004. Holsteins were required to have a recorded sire with a National Association of American Breeders code to assure they were sired by artificially inseminated bulls. Normande-, Montbeliarde-, and Scandinavian Red-sired crossbreds were all daughters of artificially inseminated bulls via imported semen. For days open, first-calf heifers were required to be at least 250 d in milk and those with greater than 250 d open were truncated to 250 d. Least squares means for days to first breeding were 69 d for Holsteins, 62 d for Normande/Holstein, 65 d for Montbeliarde/Holstein, and 66 d for Scandinavian Red/Holstein crossbreds, and differed significantly from pure Holsteins for Normande/Holstein and Montbeliarde/Holstein crossbreds. First-service conception rates were 22% for Holsteins, 35% for Normande/Holstein, 31% for Montbeliarde/Holstein, and 30% for Scandinavian Red/Holstein crossbreds and, again, differences from Holstein were significant for the Normande/Holstein and Montbeliarde/Holstein crossbreds. Least squares means for days open were 150 ± 4.1 d for pure Holsteins, 123 ± 3.8 d for Normande/Holstein, 131 ± 4.4 d for Montbeliarde/Holstein, and 129 ± 4.6 d for Scandinavian Red/Holstein crossbreds, and all 3 cross-bred groups had significantly fewer days open than pure Holsteins. Three measures of survival were to 30, 150, and 305 d postpartum, and all crossbred groups survived significantly longer than pure Holsteins during first lactation for all 3 measures of survival. Least squares means for survival to 30 d postpartum were significantly different for pure Holsteins (95%) vs. all crossbred groups (98%), were significantly different for survival to 150 d postpartum for pure Holsteins (91%) vs. all crossbred groups (96%), and were significantly different for survival to 305 d postpartum for pure Holsteins (86%) vs. all crossbred groups (92 or 93%).